Multivariable Analysis of Gluten-Free Pasta Elaborated with Non-Conventional Flours Based on the Phenolic Profile,Antioxidant Capacity and Color

The phenolic compounds, color and antioxidant capacity of gluten-free pasta prepared with non-conventional flours such as chickpea (CHF), unripe plantain (UPF), white maize (WMF) and blue maize (BMF) were analyzed. Fifteen phenolic compounds (five anthocyanins, five hydroxybenzoic acids, three hydroxycinnamic acids, one hydroxyphenylacetic acid and one flavonol) were identified in pasta prepared with blue maize, and 10 compounds were identified for samples prepared with white maize. The principal component analysis (PCA) led to results describing 98% of the total variance establishing a clear separation for each pasta. Both the proportion (25, 50 and 75%) and type of maize flour (white and blue) affected the color parameters (L*, C _ab *, h _ab and ΔE* _ab ) and antioxidant properties (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods) of samples, thus producing gluten-free products with potential health benefits intended for general consumers (including the population with celiac disease).     

烤烟高钾新品系主要性状的优势分析及灰色关联分析

以烤烟高钾新品系GK5和中烟86为材料,研究分析其杂交优势,并运用灰色关联度分析方法对高钾品种中主要农艺性状和化学性状与钾含量之间的关系进行分析.结果表明,杂交一代株高和叶长的亲本平均优势分别为32.28％,5.9％,对照平均优势分别为36.42％,5.38％,钾含量的亲本平均优势为-0.34％,对照平均优势为5.37％.与钾含量关联度的田间表现性状顺序是叶宽＞叶片数＞大田生育期＞茎围＞叶长＞节距＞株高＞发病率,与钾含量关联的化学性状顺序是钾氯比＞总糖＞还原糖＞氯＞总氮＞糖碱比＞氯碱比＞烟碱.     

含水量和加工压力对紧压茶成型及品质的影响

本文介绍了一种在茶叶加工过程的最后一道干燥工序前，利用茶叶的自有粘性加工紧压茶的方法。并就茶叶的含水量和加工压力对紧压茶的成型及品质影响进行了分析。     

高油玉米S1种子含油率与粒重的相关性及含油率正态性分布研究

试验以26个不同杂交种F1作为研究材料,测定其后代(S1)果穗单粒重和含油率,并对这两个重要性状进行相关分析,采用X2拟合优度检验和经验分布拟合优度检验对每个S杂交种S1(F2)子粒含油率分布的正态性进行了验证。结果表明,所有供试材料平均单粒重为0.29～0.45 g,变异系数为4.4%～19.4%,含油率为4.52%～10.50%,其后代相对变异程度较高,变异系数较大(11.02%～27.9%)。只有材料4053-2 S1子粒含油率分布,无论用哪种方法进行正态分布检验都符合正态分布,其它材料S1子粒含油率的分布不符合正态分布,含油率与单粒重呈极显著负相关。     

麻纤维纺纱加工的新思考

本文针对目前麻纺加工中的一些问题进行了探讨,提出了减少纤维长度,改善可纺性和成纱质量;对纤维进行精细化处理,使其能在棉纺设备上加工,缩短流程并提高质量,以及采用多种纤维混纺以改善纤维和制品的性能的观点.     

Ocean Warming and CO2-Induced Acidification Impact the Lipid Content of a Marine Predatory Gastropod

Ocean warming and acidification are current global environmental challenges impacting aquatic organisms. A shift in conditions outside the optimal environmental range for marine species is likely to generate stress that could impact metabolic activity, with consequences for the biosynthesis of marine lipids. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the lipid content of Dicathais orbita exposed to current and predicted future climate change scenarios. The whelks were exposed to a combination of temperature and CO₂-induced acidification treatments in controlled flowthrough seawater mesocosms for 35 days. Under current conditions, D. orbita foot tissue has an average of 6 mg lipid/g tissue, but at predicted future ocean temperatures, the total lipid content dropped significantly, to almost half. The fatty acid composition is dominated by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA 52%) with an n-3:6 fatty acid ratio of almost 2, which remains unchanged under future ocean conditions. However, we detected an interactive effect of temperature and pCO₂ on the % PUFAs and n-3 and n-6 fatty acids were significantly reduced by elevated water temperature, while both the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were significantly reduced under increased pCO₂ acidifying conditions. The present study indicates the potential for relatively small predicted changes in ocean conditions to reduce lipid reserves and alter the fatty acid composition of a predatory marine mollusc. This has potential implications for the growth and survivorship of whelks under future conditions, but only minimal implications for human consumption of D. orbita as nutritional seafood are predicted.     

Amino Acid, Mineral and Fatty Acid Content of Pumpkin Seeds (Cucurbita spp) and Cyperus esculentus Nuts in the Republic of Niger

Dried seeds and nuts are widely consumed by indigenous populations of the western Sahel, especially those who inhabit rural areas. In light of the need for quantitative information regarding the content of particular nutrients in these plant foods, we collected dried pumpkin (Cucurbita spp) seeds and nuts of Cyperus esculentus in the Republic of Niger and analyzed them for their content of essential amino acids, minerals and trace elements, and fatty acids.On a dry weight basis, pumpkin seed contained 58.8% protein and 29.8% fat. However, the lysine score of the protein was only 65% relative to the FAO/WHO protein standard. The pumpkin seed contained useful amounts of linoleic (92 μg/g dry weight) and the following elements (on a μg per g dry weight basis): potassium (5,790), magnesium (5,690), manganese (49.3), zinc (113), selenium (1.29), copper (15.4), chromium (2.84), and molybdenum (0.81), but low amounts of calcium and iron. Except for potassium (5,573 μg/g dry weight) and chromium (2.88 μg/g dry weight), the C. esculentis nuts contained much less of these same nutrients compared to pumpkin seeds.In conclusion, pumpkin seeds represent a useful source of many nutrients essential to humans. The data in this report should of practical value to public health officials in rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa.     

提高宿根蔗低产低糖的技术措施

百色市平果县蔗区宿根蔗面积约占种植面积70％，平均单产徘徊在54t／hm^2上下，含糖分13．6％左右，低产低糖是主要障碍因素。本文试图分析宿根蔗的低产低糖原因，并提出提高宿根蔗产量和糖分的主要技术措施，从而全面提高甘蔗总产和糖分。     

高产、高蛋白大豆新品种南豆8号的选育

南豆8号为高产、高蛋白春大豆新品种，蛋白质含量45．2％，脂肪含量18．2％。四川省大豆新品种早熟组区试，两年平均155．6kg／667m^2，比对照成豆9号增产14．9％；国家长江流域春大豆组区试，平均产量为180．5kg／667m^2，比对照品种湘春10号增产5．1％。适宜在四川及长江中下游各地区种植。     

不同世代间大豆蛋白质和脂肪含量相关QTL的稳定性分析

以高油大豆东农46为母本,高蛋白大豆L-100为父本,建立F2、F2∶3、F2∶4、F2∶5代群体。应用SSR标记技术,对不同世代在不同地点条件下遗传群体的蛋白质、脂肪含量进行QTL分析。结果表明:不同世代群体的蛋白质含量、脂肪含量均接近于正态分布,其中群体脂肪含量偏向于东农46,蛋白质含量偏向于L-100。在F2∶4代检测到2个与蛋白质含量相关的QTL,分别位于D2和K连锁群,能够解释的表型变异率为1.92%~2.03%,其中位于Satt226附近的QTL在F2、F2∶3和F2∶5代能够稳定地被检测到。在F2∶4代检测到2个与脂肪含量相关的QTL,分别位于F和B2连锁群,能够解释的表型变异率为2.56%~6.98%,其中位于Satt577附近的QTL在F2∶3、F2∶5代能够稳定地被检测到。因此,本研究获得1个与蛋白质含量相关的稳定QTL和1个与脂肪含量相关的稳定QTL。     

大麦新品种闽诱3号的麦草和籽粒产量及其主要营养含量分析

大麦新品种闽诱３号，经连续两年区试和多年多点大面积试种，比福建省主栽品种莆大麦４号增产５．８～１９．４％（籽粒），麦草（幼嫩）产量为莆大麦４号的１６３．９％，籽粒中的蛋白质和氨基酸含量分别比莆大麦４号高２．３１和２．４５个百分点，麦草中的蛋白质和氨基酸含量分别高６．７５和４．８７个百分点，新鲜的麦苗汁液中还含有大量的矿物质，维生素和ＳＯＤ。     

早熟高糖丰产甘蔗新品种赣南91/3的选育

赣南91/3是江西省甘蔗研究所于1991年至2000年通过有性杂交选育成的新良种。品比蔗糖分为14.73％，比对照赣14号高1.22个百分点，区试蔗糖分为15.53个百分点，比对照高1.66个百分点，提高糖分显著，91/3单产与对照相当，公顷含糖量高于对照14.4％，是一个早熟、高糖、丰产、适应性强的优良品种。     

Transcript Profiling Reveals Abscisic Acid,Salicylic Acid and Jasmonic-Isoleucine Pathways Involved in High Regenerative Capacities of Immature Embryos Compared with Mature Seeds injaponicaRice

Induced pluripotent cell mass plays a role in genetic transformation mediated by Agrobacterium. Mature seeds are more recalcitrant to the induction of suitable calli than immature embryos in rice, but the exact molecular mechanisms involved remain elusive. In this study, the morphological structure of calli induced from mature seeds and immature embryos were observed under a scanning electron microscope using a paraffin embedded technique. Meanwhile, a total of 2 173 up- and down-regulated genes were identified in calli induced from mature seeds and immature embryos by RNA-seq technique and furtherly confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. The results revealed the remarkable morphological differences in calli induced from mature seeds and immature embryos, and plant hormone signal transduction and hormone biosynthesis pathways, such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid and jasmonic-isoleucine, were found to play roles in somatic embryogenesis. This study provided comprehensive gene expression sets for mature seeds and immature embryos that were served as an important platform resource for further functional studies in plant embryogenesis.     

我国杂交水稻种子出口贸易发展的制约因素及对策分析

我国杂交水稻技术的研究与应用在国际上居领先地位。中国年生产与应用的杂交水稻种子高达20万t，占世界市场的95％以上，但杂交水稻种子出口发展迟缓，出口国家与地区狭窄，种子出口量少，贸易额低，创汇能力不足。分析了我国杂交水稻种子出口贸易发展的制约因素，并就如何发挥我国在杂交水稻领域的生产与技术优势，开拓杂交水稻国际市场，推动与扩大杂交水稻种子出口贸易提出了对策。     

高淀粉抗病甘薯新品种漯徐薯8号的选育

漯徐薯8号是由徐薯18与徐781杂交选育而成的高淀粉抗病甘薯新品种,2008年3月通过全国甘薯品种鉴定委员会鉴定。该品种鲜基薯块烘干率36.5％,淀粉率25.4％,薯干洁白平整,丰产稳产,抗根腐病、茎线虫病和蔓割病,中抗黑王证病,耐贮藏,萌芽性好,适宜淀粉加工、生产燃料乙醇等。     

适宜密度与施氮量对水稻新品种绥粳18产量的影响

黑龙江省农业科学院绥化分院开展适宜密度与施氮量对水稻新品种绥粳18产量的影响试验。结果表明,在施纯氮为94.0 kg/hm2,插秧密度为30.0 cm×13.3 cm时,产量最高9 509.4 kg/hm2。     

不同栽培方式对菜油二用油菜新品种湘杂油780菜薹和菜籽产量的影响

对菜油二用油菜新品种湘杂油780进行了密度、盖膜、摘薹次数等试验.结果表明,湘杂油780摘薹1次菜籽产量与不摘薹处理和对照湘油15号相近,菜薹产量随密度增加而增加.由于摘薹处理菜薹产量平均可达7 500 kg/hm2左右,其单位面积产值比一般只收菜籽的油菜高1倍以上.     

不同茶树品种紫色芽叶茶叶中多酚类与咖啡碱含量比较分析

采摘乌牛早、南山白毛及紫娟等3个茶树品种的紫色芽叶为原料,分别直接烘干及加工成绿茶、红茶和白茶,采用紫外分光光度计法和高效液相色谱法分别检测分析茶叶中的多酚类与咖啡碱含量差异.结果显示,不同茶树品种的紫色芽叶及其加工的茶类产品中多酚类与咖啡碱含量不同.南山白毛绿茶(NL)儿茶素与表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(Epigall...     

Comparative Study of Subcritical Water and Microwave-Assisted Extraction Techniques Impact on the Phenolic Compounds and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Content in Pomegranate Peel

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Two environmentally friendly innovative extraction techniques - subcritical water (SWE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were applied for the extraction of...     

黄淮北部不同蛋白质含量类型小麦产量结构分析

分析了黄淮北片冬麦区2009~2018年间区试参试品系不同蛋白质含量类型小麦的产量结构。结果显示:不同蛋白质含量类型小麦产量间存在显著差异,但产量结构间无显著差异,而各成产因素对产量效应不同,相互间作用关系也不同。由此提出了黄淮北片区不同蛋白质含量类型小麦的产量结构参考指标值以供参考。