浅谈猪饲料组成与猪的营养研究

我国是传统的养猪大国,同时也是猪肉产品消费大国,每年的生猪出栏量都位居国际之首。国内对猪肉的需求量居高不下,促进了国内养猪行业的迅速发展。目前国内的小型养猪场正逐渐减少,大型养猪场的数量正逐渐上升,养猪业正走向集约化养殖的道路,猪场对饲料的质量要求日益提高。在当前环境的刺激下,猪饲料和猪营养的研究进展也在高速发展。文内主要从目前猪饲料组成和营养研究进展进行介绍,以期为养猪业提供参考,促进养猪业的发展。     

抗氧化剂与猪的健康

由于抗氧化剂的添加使得当今许多饲料产品的质量得以提高。这表明,抗氧化剂的摄人有助于提高猪只的健康水平,尤其是处于应激期或面临疾病挑战时。因此,养猪生产者便开始询问,这些物质的确切成     

生物学转化秸秆饲料对猪生长发育的影响

我们应用由牛、羊瘤胃内容物中分离培养的金黄色瘤胃纤维分解细菌，对碱化秸秆粉进行营养转化，使粗蛋白提高到24．62％、粗脂肪提高到12．62％、粗纤维降低到21．06％，制成我们编号的1号秸秆饲料。为了观察此饲料对猪的影响，在个体养猪户合的同窝仔猪中进行了饲养试验。在基础日粮中，加入20％1号玉米秸秆饲料，经过7个月的饲养后证明，该饲料对猪的增重有一定的作用，可节省成本费0．06元／日，计每头猪可节省12．79元。同时对胃肠卡他和胃肠炎有一定的治疗和预防作用。1．材料和方法1．11号秸秆饲料的制备：取当年产优质无霉变的干燥玉…     

适合猪生长营养所需的饲料是最经济的选择

在饲料对养猪所产生的生长快慢和经济效益上,目前,大多数养猪者往往选择单价相对便宜的饲料喂猪,他们认为这样可以降低饲料成本,增加经济收入;另一方面,一些饲料生产厂为了追求利润,认为饲料单价越低,就越有竞争力,而根本忽视了饲料的营养水平。在正常生理状态下,饲料的蛋白质等营养含量高低可以决定猪的生长快慢。一般而言,所喂饲料的蛋白质含量愈高,猪的生长速度也就愈快,但是相应的饲料单价也就越高。因此,如何确定各阶段生长猪的合理营养水平,以期获得最快的生长速度和经济效益,是许多科技工作者和饲养户或饲料生产厂所研究和关心的重要问题。以下是笔者在近年的生产和饲养实践中,对当地所饲养的猪在哺乳期、断乳后的肉猪饲养期所喂料的营养水平与生长关系进行了试验分析,为寻求降低养     

北方地区的香猪饲料配制、管理技术及效果研究

本试验引进110头原种仔猪,在北方地区对其进行适应性研究,以期制定出适合北方地区生长的香猪管理方法及饲料配方.通过对在北方地区饲养一段时间后的香猪生长发育数据与原产地相应数据的对比分析,结果显示2月龄香猪的体重、胸围有极显著差异(P<0.01),体长有显著差异(P<0.05),而且北方地区的香猪生长效果较好,体高无明显差异(P>0.05);4月龄与6月龄香猪体重、体高、体长及胸围均有极显著差异(P<0.01),而且北方地区的香猪生长效果较好;1岁龄以上香猪的4项指标均无显著性差异(P>0.05).试验证明,独特的香猪管理方法及饲料配方对香猪在北方地区的生长发育具有显著促进作用.     

猪饲料中的色氨酸与苏氨酸

添加赖氨酸与蛋氨酸喂猪的重要性是无容置疑的,但是色氨酸与苏氨酸也同属必需氨基酸。当然,所有用于猪饲养上的饲料原料都含有这两种氨基酸。然而色氨酸和苏氨酸两者含量甚低或不能完全被动物所利用。     

猪饲料配合与加工最新进展

美国的一些州立大学最近通过对锗的营养研究,提出改进猪的饲料配合和猪生产有前途领域的报告。 注意混合时间 饲料混合是饲料厂最关键的步骤之一。混合不好,营养成份分布不均匀。这样,会导致动     

论饲料经营中的销售服务

我国饲料工业发展突飞猛进,短短20年间由粗放作坊模式(“两把铁铲闹革命”)到机械化生产(引进先进设备)再到多元化高工艺制造(品种齐全,花样翻新);产品由粉料→颗粒料→膨化料逐级换代,目前已由质量竞争转化到以服务竞争为主的综合较量,商海如战场,在市场经     

饲料销售技术服务中常见问题及处理原则

在饲料销售技术服务时,用户常因畜禽生产性能不良,出现类似营养缺乏症,有时怀疑饲料中毒,常要求饲料厂家给予帮助或说明原因,这些问题处理的好,会赢得客户的谅解和支持,搞不好会造成误解和矛盾,给大家带来巨大的经济损失。     

建议：摆脱生猪产销困扰需上下合力

近年来,养猪业几经起伏,始终在多了多,少了少的周期性怪圈中波动,广大养殖场(户)特别是规模较小的更是如航行于大海中的一叶扁舟,效益时好时坏,甚至不仅没有赚到钱,反而被猪咬一口,折了本。那么,为什     

Dispensing law and sale of animal feed

For the veterinarian, drug sale is generally permitted by his licence of drug dispensing. According to the law on animal feed, feedstuffs are not regarded as drugs and thus they are not licensed to be sold by veterinarians. Drugs, however, may only be released for the treatment of individual animals, which are previously examined by the vet. The sale of animal feed is not regarded as part of veterinary practice. Only in case of a registered additional business, a veterinarian is allowed to sale feedstuffs. Dietetic animal feedstuffs are also regulated by the Animal Feed Act. Dietetic drugs, however, are regulated by the Drug Act and are strongly to be delineated from dietetic feed. Thus, the term "dietetic" alone does not automatically give any legitimatization for a sale of feedstuffs in veterinary practice.     

Evaluating the quality of feed fats and oils and their effects on pig growth performance

Feed fats and oils provide significant amounts of energy to swine diets, but there is large variation in composition,quality, feeding value, and price among sources. Common measures of lipid quality include moisture, insolubles,and unsaponifiables(MIU), titer, and free fatty acid content, but provide limited information regarding their feeding value. Lipid peroxidation is an important quality factor related to animal growth performance and health, but maximum tolerable limits in various lipids have not been established. Several indicative assays can be used to detect the presence of various peroxidation compounds, but due to the complexity and numerous compounds produced and degraded during peroxidation process, no single method can adequately determine the extent of peroxidation. Until further information is available, using a combination of peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS), and anisidine value appear to provide a reasonable assessment of the extent of peroxidation in a lipid at a reasonable cost. However, fatty acid composition of the lipid being evaluated should be considered when selecting specific assays. Predictive tests can also be used to estimate the stability or susceptibility of lipids to peroxidation and include active oxygen method, oil stability index, and oxygen bomb method. A review of 16 published studies with pigs has shown an average decrease of 11.4% in growth rate, 8.8% feed intake fed isocaloric diets containing peroxidized lipids compared to diets containing unperoxidized lipids of the same source.Furthermore, serum vitamin E content was generally reduced and serum TBARS content was increased when peroxidized lipids were fed in these studies, suggesting that feeding peroxidized lipids negatively affects metabolic oxidative status of pigs. However, it is unclear if antioxidants are useful additions to lipids to maintain optimal nutritional value, or if their addition to swine diets is beneficial in overcoming a metabolic oxidative challenge.     

Evaluating the quality of feed fats and oils and their effects on pig growth performance

Feed fats and oils provide significant amounts of energy to swine diets, but there is large variation in composition, quality, feeding value, and price among sources. Common measures of lipid quality include moisture, insolubles, and unsaponifiables (MIU), titer, and free fatty acid content, but provide limited information regarding their feeding value. Lipid peroxidation is an important quality factor related to animal growth performance and health, but maximum tolerable limits in various lipids have not been established. Several indicative assays can be used to detect the presence of various peroxidation compounds, but due to the complexity and numerous compounds produced and degraded during peroxidation process, no single method can adequately determine the extent of peroxidation. Until further information is available, using a combination of peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and anisidine value appear to provide a reasonable assessment of the extent of peroxidation in a lipid at a reasonable cost. However, fatty acid composition of the lipid being evaluated should be considered when selecting specific assays. Predictive tests can also be used to estimate the stability or susceptibility of lipids to peroxidation and include active oxygen method, oil stability index, and oxygen bomb method. A review of 16 published studies with pigs has shown an average decrease of 11.4% in growth rate, 8.8% feed intake fed isocaloric diets containing peroxidized lipids compared to diets containing unperoxidized lipids of the same source. Furthermore, serum vitamin E content was generally reduced and serum TBARS content was increased when peroxidized lipids were fed in these studies, suggesting that feeding peroxidized lipids negatively affects metabolic oxidative status of pigs. However, it is unclear if antioxidants are useful additions to lipids to maintain optimal nutritional value, or if their addition to swine diets is beneficial in overcoming a metabolic oxidative challenge.     

Using carbohydrases in pig and poultry feed to reduce feed cost

在所有动物日粮中,能量是最昂贵的“营养成分”.事实上,能量的主要来源—淀粉,大约构成了单胃动物(猪和家禽)多数日粮的50％.然而,能量也可来自于脂类和非淀粉碳水化合物,如非淀粉多糖(添加适当的酶制剂后).     

饲料中使用淀粉酶以降低饲料成本

在出生后的哺乳仔在动物饲料中使用淀粉酶具有明显的经济利益,尤其在谷物价格较高的情况下。并不是所有谷物都是一样的,因此它们对补充酶制剂的反应也不尽相同。     

降低生猪饲料成本的其他途径

在讨论饲料价格时,主要关注的是如何降低成本,提高其转化成肉、奶和蛋等产品的效率.在营养学家的指导下,实施长期的饲料战略计划,可获得较大的成本节省空间.该空间即饲料管理,或确切地表述为饲料预算.饲料预算包括两部分:(a)不同体重和年龄的猪选用何种饲料(b)该饲料用量和时间.例如,在断奶后,按每头仔猪0 kg、1.0 kg或2.0 kg的量,饲喂初生仔猪料4d、7d或10d,各方案的生产性能和经济效益效果不同.在某些情况下,采用最高的饲料配额可能也有收益,但需使用更多的高价原料.     

试论替代猪饲料中抗生素的几个对策

1关于提高动物健康水平1.1加强仔猪的管理除选择优秀杂交仔猪外,仔猪可以采取全进全出制饲养管理:把体重相近的猪同时转入一个经过清洗消毒猪舍中,所有同一猪舍的猪均同期上市,在新的一批猪进来之前,猪舍中的所有猪圈均要腾空,清洗和熏蒸消毒。在下一批猪进舍之前,整栋猪舍要完