紫杉醇诱导犬乳腺肿瘤细胞凋亡和细胞ROS及SOD失衡的研究

为研究紫杉醇诱导犬乳腺肿瘤细胞(CHMm)凋亡及对氧化还原平衡的影响,本实验以不同浓度的紫杉醇处理细胞,采用台盼蓝排斥试验和MTT法检测细胞活性,并进行丫啶橙(AO)/溴化乙锭(EB)双荧光染色以及在透射电镜下观察CHMm细胞凋亡和形态学变化,并检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和丙二醛(MDA)等反映细胞内氧化还原功能的指标。结果显示:在紫杉醇的作用下,CHMm生长受到不同程度的抑制,引起细胞凋亡,出现典型的凋亡形态;ROS和MDA含量增加,SOD和CAT酶活性降低,细胞内出现氧化还原失衡。表明紫杉醇能够抑制CHMm细胞生长,打破氧化还原平衡,诱导细胞凋亡并呈浓度和时间依赖性。     

RNAi沉默接触蛋白-1对犬乳腺肿细胞系CHMm增殖及迁移的影响

为探究接触蛋白-1(CNTN1)对体外培养的犬乳腺肿瘤细胞CHMm增殖及迁移能力的影响,本研究利用RNAi技术沉默CNNT1基因在犬乳腺肿瘤CHMm细胞中的表达,采用CCK8法检测CHMm细胞增殖能力、细胞划痕法检测CHMm细胞迁移能力,western blot检测CHMm细胞中E-cadherin蛋白含量。结果显示CNTN1沉默后,对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞CHMm增殖无明显影响,但能够导致使细胞迁移能力显著减弱,细胞中E-cadherin蛋白含量明显增加。研究表明CNTN1对犬乳腺肿瘤CHMm增殖调节无明显作用,对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞CHMm作用主要是通过降低E-cadherin蛋白的表达增强体外培养的肿瘤细胞迁移力,为犬乳腺肿瘤的治疗提供新的靶点。     

紫杉醇对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞生长的抑制作用

紫杉醇是一种新型的抗癌药物,它作用于细胞的微管,抑制其解聚,从而抑制纺锤丝功能,使细胞有丝分裂停滞[1],因此紫杉醇具有抑制癌细胞生长的功能.Dziadyk J M等用脉冲式给药法研究紫杉醇诱导细胞凋亡的作用,结果发现给药后细胞分裂停滞迅速发生[2],现在紫杉醇已经成功应用于人乳腺癌的临床治疗上,但是将紫杉醇用于犬乳腺肿瘤的治疗报道几乎没有.     

PTEN基因过表达对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞系CHMm增殖及Bcl-2、Bax基因调控的影响

为探讨过表达的第10号染色体同源丢失性磷酸酶-张力蛋白基因(PTEN)对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞系(CHMm)增殖及Bcl-2、Bax基因的影响,本研究构建了PTEN表达质粒pc DNA-PTEN,采用脂质体转染法将其导入CHMm细胞系,采用western blot检测PTEN蛋白表达情况,CCK-8法检测CHMm细胞增殖情况,荧光定量PCR检测Bcl-2和Bax的基因表达情况。结果显示,转染PTEN的CHMm细胞组的PTEN蛋白表达水平显著高于空载体组和未转染组;转染PTEN细胞组的细胞增殖显著低于空载体组和未转染组(p0.05);转染PTEN的CHMm细胞组Bcl-2的m RNA表达水平显著低于空载体组和未转染组(p0.05);转染PTEN的CHMm细胞组Bax的m RNA表达水平显著高于空载体组和未转染组(p0.05)。本实验将PTEN基因导入犬乳腺肿瘤细胞系(CHMm),抑制犬乳腺肿瘤细胞增殖,为寻找乳腺肿瘤基因治疗新方法提供依据。     

光动力学作用对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞IL-6和IL-2影响的试验

用HMME-PDT作用于犬乳腺肿瘤细胞株CHMm后,台盼蓝染色绘制各组细胞的生长曲线,放射免疫法检测PDT后不同时间点检测细胞IL-6、IL-2含量的变化。台盼蓝染色PDT组与对照组比较细胞死亡率明显上升,PDT后随时间延长IL-2含量增加,IL-6含量降低。说明PDT对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞株CHMm的杀伤效应可能是由于细胞IL-6、IL-2含量的变化而引起的。     

GSK126对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞上皮间质转化的影响

探讨Zeste基因增强子同源物2(enhancer of Zeste homolog 2,EZH2)抑制剂GSK126对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞增殖、迁移、凋亡及上皮-间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT)的影响。取对数生长期的犬乳腺肿瘤细胞(canine mammary tumor cells, CHMm cells),将不同浓度的EZH2抑制剂GSK126(0、10、20、40μmol·L^-1)作用于体外培养CHMm细胞后，培养48 h,采用四甲基偶氮唑盐比色法(MTT)和细胞克隆形成试验检测细胞增殖能力，Transwell法检测细胞迁移能力变化，Annexin V-FITC/PI流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡能力，qRT-PCR和Western blot方法检测CHMm细胞中凋亡相关因子Bcl-2和Bax、上皮间质标志物E-cadherin、N-cadherin、Vimentin、EZH2 mRNA和蛋白相对表达量。结果显示：与对照组相比，GSK126对CHMm细胞的增殖及迁移具有明显抑制作用，呈明显的剂量依赖性；与对照组相比...     

光动力学疗法诱导犬乳腺肿瘤细胞凋亡及细胞Caspase-3和Caspase-8活性的变化

本文研究了光动力学疗法(PDT)促进犬乳腺肿瘤细胞凋亡的变化.通过不同剂量的光敏剂(HMME)和不同剂量的氦氖激光照射,用MTT法测定细胞的抑制率,确定抑制细胞生长的光敏感剂和激光照射的最佳剂量.采用最佳剂量组合作用细胞,对照射后不同时间点的细胞通过荧光显微镜(AO/EB染色)及透射电镜观察细胞的形态学变化;采用DNA LADDER法检测细胞凋亡;采用分光光度法测量照射后不同时间点的细胞内Caspase-3,Caspase-8的变化.研究表明光动力学的最佳剂量组为光敏感剂为20μg/mL,激光功率为2.8 J/cm2.光动力学疗法作用细胞后,在荧光显微镜下观察出典型的细胞形态,并且随着光照时间的加长凋亡率逐渐增加,在透射电镜下细胞呈典型的凋亡形态,并且随着光照时间的延长凋亡的程度逐渐增加;细胞内Caspase-3,Caspase-8活性随照射后时间的增加其活性逐渐增强.由此可见光动力学疗法可有效的诱导犬乳腺肿瘤细胞凋亡,Caspase-3参与了细胞的凋亡过程,在细胞凋亡过程中起到一定的作用.     

二甲双胍对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞周期及其相关蛋白的影响

为研究二甲双胍对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响,以犬乳腺肿瘤CHMm和CHMp为模型,采用终浓度为0、5、10、20、40mmol/L二甲双胍对其进行干预,应用CCK-8法检测细胞增殖活性,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期分布比例,再通过Western blot检测细胞周期相关蛋白cyclin D1和p27的表达情况。二甲双胍作用48 h后,与对照组比较,CHMm细胞试验各组的成活率显著降低(P0.05),而CHMp细胞除了5 mmol/L组(P0.05),其他试验各组的成活率也显著低于对照组(P0.05),并且均呈现一定的浓度依赖性。流式细胞仪分析细胞分布比例发现,CHMm的G0/G1期细胞比例从(38.7±5.89)%增加到(70.36±5.78)%,CHMp的G0/G1期细胞比例也从(37.03±4.23)%增加到(54.92±4.67)%。随着二甲双胍作用浓度的增加,CHMm和CHMp细胞内cyclin D1表达量呈现减少的趋势,而p27表达量呈现上升的趋势。研究结果表明,二甲双胍可以抑制犬乳腺肿瘤细胞体外增殖能力,诱导细胞发生G0/G1期阻滞,并下调cyclin D1和上调p27细胞周期相关蛋白表达量,从而为犬乳腺肿瘤治疗提供一定的理论基础。     

SOX2敲低对犬乳腺肿瘤CHMm细胞增殖和迁移的影响

为探究SOX2对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞系CHMm增殖及迁移能力的影响,采用脂质体将siRNA转染至犬乳腺肿瘤细胞系CHMm降低其SOX2的表达,采用CCK-8法检测各组细胞增殖能力,Transwell小室迁移试验检测细胞的迁移能力,Western blot检测NF2和YAP的表达。结果表明,成功建立了SOX2敲低的犬乳腺肿瘤细胞模型,敲低SOX2的犬乳腺肿瘤细胞的增殖能力和迁移能力均显著降低(P<0.05);敲低SOX2的犬乳腺肿瘤细胞中NF2的表达显著升高(P<0.05),Hippo信号通路下游效应分子YAP的表达显著降低(P<0.05)。说明SOX2可通过NF2/YAP影响犬乳腺肿瘤细胞增殖和迁移,进一步阐明了SOX2在肿瘤发生中的作用机制。     

犬乳腺肿瘤裸鼠模型建立及其生长特性

为研究犬乳腺肿瘤发展的生物学特性及动态演变过程,建立犬乳腺肿瘤裸鼠模型,探讨其发生及发展规律。将绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)导入到犬乳腺肿瘤CHMm系和CHMp系细胞,将细胞悬液注射种植至裸鼠右侧第二对乳头处,建立裸鼠模型。通过活体成像技术与病理学检测技术,研究不同时间段裸鼠体内肿瘤的动态变化。结果显示:倒置荧光显微镜下可观察到GFP标记的CHMm-GFP和CHMp-GFP细胞均发出稳定的绿色荧光信号,种植后第6天出现肉眼可见肿瘤。通过对接种后第25、35、45和60天荧光信号进行检测和病理检查,绘制肿瘤生长曲线和体重变化曲线;且在接种后第25天裸鼠活体成像时,CHMm-GFP系裸鼠体内荧光信号最强,而CHMp-GFP系则在第35天时,裸鼠体内荧光信号最强。在接种后第25天的离体脏器成像检测时,发现两组裸鼠各有1只淋巴结开始显现荧光信号;第35天3只裸鼠淋巴结内均显示荧光信号,其他脏器无荧光信号。第25天病理组织切片检测,两种细胞系分别有1只裸鼠的肿瘤转移至淋巴结内;在第35、45和60天时解剖裸鼠,发现肿瘤均已转移到淋巴结。建立了两个细胞系犬乳腺肿瘤裸鼠模型,两个细胞系在裸鼠体内不同时段呈现不同的生长特性,且均可转移,为深入研究乳腺肿瘤发生和发展规律提供参考。     

miR-188对小鼠乳腺癌细胞增殖、迁移及凋亡的影响

【目的】探讨microRNA-188-5p(miR-188)在乳腺癌细胞增殖、迁移和凋亡过程中的调控作用,以期为乳腺癌相关治疗药物的研发提供理论依据。【方法】培养小鼠乳腺癌细胞(4T1),建立4T1细胞小鼠移植瘤模型,分离肿瘤组织和瘤旁组织,用实时荧光定量PCR法检测miR-188的表达情况;在4T1细胞中分别转染miR-188的模拟物(miR-188 mimics)、模拟物对照(mimics-NC)、miR-188抑制物(miR-188 inhibitor)及抑制物对照(inhibitor-NC),不转染的细胞为空白对照(Con),用实时荧光定量PCR法检测各组细胞miR-188的表达水平,CCK-8法检测细胞增殖能力,细胞划痕试验检测细胞的迁移率,流式细胞术检测细胞的凋亡率,Western blotting检测细胞相关凋亡蛋白的表达情况。【结果】瘤旁组织中miR-188的相对表达量显著高于肿瘤组织(P<0.05);细胞转染结果表明,与Con组相比,miR-188 mimics组miR-188的相对表达量显著上调(P<0.05),而miR-188 inhibitor组显著...     

敲低SQLE基因对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

为了探讨角鲨烯环氧酶（squalene epoxidase,SQLE）基因对体外培养奶牛乳腺细胞凋亡及增殖的影响,本研究用RNAi技术敲低奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中SQLE基因;用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测奶牛乳腺上皮细胞中SQLE基因及凋亡和周期相关基因的表达;用CCK-8法检测其对细胞增殖的影响;用周期和凋亡检测试剂盒筛选细胞,用流式细胞术准确计数处于不同周期的细胞数和凋亡细胞数。结果显示,奶牛乳腺上皮细胞转染siRNA后,SQLE基因相对表达量显著下降（P<0.05）,细胞增殖受到极显著抑制（P<0.01）;G1期细胞数量显著下降（P<0.05）,G2期细胞数量没有显著性改变,S期细胞数量显著上升（P<0.05）;肿瘤坏死因子超家族成员6（又称Fas或CD5）的相对表达量显著上升（P<0.05）,细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂1B（cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B,P27）相对表达量显著上升（P<0.05）,而细胞周期素D1（Cyclin D1）、B淋巴细胞瘤因子2（B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2）、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂1A（cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A,P21）、Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bcl-2 associated X,apoptosis regulator,Bax）显著下降（P<0.05）。综上所述,敲低SQLE基因通过调节相关基因的表达抑制乳腺上皮细胞的增殖。     

Cell proliferation of feline and human breast cancer cell types is inhibited by pomegranate juice

Mammary cancer, a devastating disease in both humans and companion animals, has been associated with numerous factors including diet. Polyphenolic antioxidants found in pomegranate fruits have been shown to reduce tumor burden and inhibit angiogenesis and cell growth.(Kim et al., 2002; Afaq et al., 2005; Malik et al., 2005) Feline mammary carcinomas (FMC) are known to have similar invasive behavior, histologic appearance, and overall poor prognosis to estrogen receptor negative (ER-) invasive human mammary cancer.(Porrello et al., 2004; Zappulli et al., 2005) In this study, supplementation with an antioxidant-rich whole food (pomegranate) was evaluated for anti-cancer properties in an ER- human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) as a model for FMC. Antioxidant capacity and polyphenolic content of pomegranate juices (PJ) were characterized by reportable methods. ER- cells were exposed to PJ at various concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 5%) and to Cisplatin (5 ug/ml, 10 ug/ml, 15 ug/ml) doses for 48 and 72 h. MTT assays were performed to evaluate the ability of PJ to inhibit tumor cell growth. Statistical significance was determined using PROC GLM (SAS 9.1) with alpha = 0.05. Cell proliferation of the ER- cancer cells was inhibited by pomegranate juice in a dose- and time-dependent manner (p < 0.0001). Maximal inhibition was seen for pomegranate juice formulations at the 5% dose, and the response was comparable to that of high-dose Cisplatin. This first phase study shows that PJ may be a useful nutrient-based, non-chemotherapeutic treatment alternative for the inhibition of ER- breast cancer cell proliferation.     

Effect of Gallus TGFβ1 on the Proliferation,Apoptosis, Migration and Invasion of MDCC-MSB1 Cells

This study aimed to detect the effect of Gallus TGFβ1 on the biological behavior of MDCC-MSB1 cells. MDCC-MSB1 cells were transiently transfected with Gallus TGFβ1 overexpression vector, interference expression vector, and the corresponding negative control. Then, the expression of Gallus TGFβ1, the cell proliferation, the cell cycle and apoptosis, the migration and invasion of each transfection groups were examined. Results showed that compared with the corresponding control, the MDCC-MSB1 cells transfected with overexpression vector of Gallus TGFβ1 could up-regulate the expression level of TGFβ1, the proliferation of MDCC-MSB1 cells was significantly inhibited, G1 phase cells were increased, S and G2 cells were decreased, the apoptosis rate of the cells was increased, the migration and invasion ability were decreased.However,the MDCC-MSB1 cells transfected with the interference expression vector of TGFβ1 significantly down-regulated the expression level of TGFβ1, cell proliferation was improved,G1 phase cells were decreased, S and G2 cells were increased, the cell apoptosis was decreased, the migration and invasion ability was increased. The results showed that Gallus TGFβ1 could inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of MDCC-MSB1 cells, and promote their apoptosis.     

鸡TGFβ1对MDCC-MSB1细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移与侵袭的影响

旨在探讨鸡TGFβ1对MDCC-MSB1细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移与侵袭的影响。作者将构建的鸡TGFβ1过表达载体、干扰表达载体以及相应阴性对照转染MDCC-MSB1细胞,然后检测转染后各组细胞鸡TGFβ1的表达水平、细胞增殖能力、细胞周期与凋亡,细胞的迁移与侵袭能力。结果显示,与相应阴性对照相比,转染TGFβ1过表达质粒可显著上调MDCC-MSB1细胞的TGFβ1表达水平,显著抑制MDCC-MSB1细胞的增殖,且使G1期细胞增加、S和G2期细胞减少,同时增加细胞凋亡率,降低细胞的迁移与侵袭能力;转染TGFβ1干扰表达质粒可显著下调MDCC-MSB1细胞的TGFβ1表达水平,显著促进MDCC-MSB1细胞的增殖,G1期细胞减少、S和G2期细胞增加,同时降低细胞凋亡率,增加细胞的迁移与侵袭能力。结果表明,鸡TGFβ1可抑制MDCC-MSB1细胞增殖、迁移与侵袭,促进其凋亡。     

白果内酯对IL-1β诱导的ATDC5软骨细胞自噬、增殖和凋亡的影响

旨在探讨白果内酯对白介素1β(IL-1β)诱导的ATDC5软骨细胞自噬、增殖和凋亡的影响。采用10 ng·mL^-1 IL-1β诱导ATDC5软骨细胞构建体外炎症模型,随机分为对照组、IL-1β组、白果内酯组(低、中、高剂量)。利用EdU检测细胞新合成的DNA,并结合细胞核标记物(Hoechest)进行双重标记检测细胞增殖速度。使用膜Annexin-V/PI通过流式细胞仪分析ATDC5软骨细胞凋亡情况。通过mRFP-GFP-LC3双荧光系统的组合测量方法检测自噬流。蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)和实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)方法检测各组软骨细胞中LC3-II、Beclin1、BAX、Caspase-3和Bcl2的蛋白和mRNA表达情况。结果显示,IL-1β诱导ATDC5软骨细胞后,细胞增殖减弱,下调自噬促进凋亡,而白果内酯干预能够过促进自噬和细胞增殖,抑制凋亡。白果内酯促进ATDC5软骨细胞的增殖(P<0.05),与IL-1β组相比,抑制了LC3-II、Beclin1、BAX和Caspase-3的蛋白和mRNA表达(P<0.05),促...     

TGF-β1对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

应用特异性方法检测转化生长因子(TGF-β1)对奶牛乳腺上皮细胞增殖和凋亡的作用,用不同浓度的TGF-β1作用于体外培养的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞,在不同时间收集培养细胞及其培养液,应用MTT法检测细胞增殖、应用分光度法检测caspase-3活性、测定DNA片段化率法检测细胞凋亡。结果表明,1、5、10ng/mL TGF-β1试验组与对照组比较细胞增殖差异显著(P<0.05),随TGF-β1浓度增大抑制细胞增殖作用增强。细胞凋亡检测显示,1、5、10ng/mL TGF-β1试验组与对照组比较细胞凋亡差异均显著(P<0.05),随TGF-β1浓度增大促进细胞凋亡作用增强。TGF-β1可以抑制奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的增殖,促进奶牛乳腺上皮细胞凋亡。     

The role of IGFBP-5 in mammary gland development and involution

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) plays an important role as a survival factor during mammary gland development and remodelling during involution of the mature/lactating mammary gland, and elevated concentrations have been associated with increased risk of breast cancer. The actions of IGF-I are modulated by a family of binding proteins (IGFBPs) and we have shown that IGFBP-5 is associated with cell death in the mammary gland and more recently provided the first evidence that it is causally related to apoptosis of the mammary gland. A transgenic mouse expressing IGFBP-5 on a mammary-specific promoter led to impaired mammary development involving inhibition of IGF-signalling and involving members of the Bcl-2 family. Subsequent studies in vitro and in vivo using exogenous IGFBP-5 treatment have added support to this concept. Although the effects of IGFBP-5 did appear to involve inhibition of IGF action, a role for IGF-independent effects cannot be ruled out. Such IGF-independent effects involve potential interactions with components of the extracellular matrix involved in tissue remodelling including plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). In addition, intracellular events involving nuclear localisation of IGFBP-5 have been shown to have the ability to inhibit cell proliferation. Thus, IGFBP-5 seems important for regulating both apoptosis and cell proliferation in the mammary gland during development and post-lactation involution.     

Bisphosphonates and cancer

Bisphosphonates form a family of drugs characterized pharmacologically by their ability to inhibit bone resorption and pharmacokinetically by similar intestinal absorption, skeletal distribution, and renal elimination. Two groups of bisphosphonates exist chemically, non-amino-bisphosphates and amino-bisphosphonates. The amino-bisphosphonates have greater antiresorptive capabilities and represent a newer generation of bisphosphonates. The primary mechanism of action of bisphosphonates is inhibition of osteoclastic activity. Non-amino-bisphosphonates are incorporated into the energy pathways of the osteoclast, resulting in disrupted cellular energy metabolism leading to apoptosis. Amino-bisphosphonates exert their effect on osteoclasts via their inhibition of the mevalonate pathways, resulting in disruption of intracellular signaling and induction of apoptosis. Bisphosphonates also inhibit cancer cell proliferation, induce apoptosis in in vitro cultures, inhibit angiogenesis, inhibit matrix metalloproteinase, have effects on cytokine and growth factors, and are immunomodulatory. Clinical applications in oncology could include therapy for hypercalcemia of malignancy, inhibition of bone metastasis, and therapy for bone pain. Although bisphosphonates are regarded as metabolically inert in the body, adverse effects do occur and include esophagitis, gastritis, suppression of bone repair, and allergic reactions. Little is published on the effects of bisphosphonates in dogs with cancer. Further research into the role of bisphosphonates in veterinary oncology is needed to identify clinical efficacy and safety of these potentially beneficial drugs.     

Effect of Vitamin E on Bovine Granulosa Cells Apoptosis and Proliferation through Cx43

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of vitamin E on Cx43,the mechanism and function of vitamin E on bovine granulosa cells apoptosis and proliferation.In this study,granulosa cells were isolated from bovine ovary and cultivated in vitro by adding different concentration of vitamin E (0,25,50,100,200 and 500 μmol/L) for 24 h.After cultured,apoptotic cells were detected by FCM,mRNA expression levels of BCL2/BAX、P53 and Cx43 genes were determined by Real-time PCR and cell proliferation was detected by CCK8.The results showed that compared to control group,100 μmol/L vitamin E could significantly inhibit the apoptosis of granulosa cells (P<0.05).Real-time PCR detection results showed that vitamin E significantly changed the mRNA expression levels of BCL2/BAX,P53,Cx43 genes (P<0.05).Vitamin E could significantly improve granulosa cells proliferation when granulosa cells were treated for 24 and 36 h (P<0.05).The results provided a theoretical basis on further analysis for studing the influence mechanism of vitamin E on oocytes development and maturity,and improvement of female animal reproduction by influencing granulosa cells proliferation and apoptosis.