笼养雉鸡孵化及育雏行为的观察

目前,我国人工养殖雉鸡发展很快,在珍禽饲养业中已占相当比重。主要采取的饲养方式是网室笼养,进行人工孵化及育雏。网室面积一般为100平方米,饲养密度为1～1.2只/平方米。在这样高密度饲养下,采用大群配种,使雉鸡没有固定的产蛋场所,从而导致绝大多数母雉鸡失去抱性。因此,在笼养情况下的雉鸡自然孵化及育雏行为比较罕见,至今仍无报道。笔者在指导雉鸡生产中观察到笼养雉鸡的自然繁殖行为,现报道如下。     

雉鸡的饲养

雉鸡一直被养来作肉食和娱乐之用。许多雉鸡由业余爱好者饲养,但一些专业雉鸡饲养场年产数10万只雉鸡。在有些地区,约三分之二的雉鸡被卖给狩猎俱乐部,射中的以及余下的雉鸡则作肉用。然而,雉鸡生产发展潜力最大的领域看来是雉鸡肉加工,为此目前已培育出了环颈雉(Phasianus colchicus)的一种白羽变种。尽管人们对雄鸡生产的兴趣日增,但关于雄鸡营养需要量的资料却不多。NRC(1984)发表的雉鸡养分需要量多为估计值。有些人使用火鸡日粮饲养雉鸡很成功(Vohrs, 1989)。表1列举了雉鸡养分推荐量的估测值。这些推荐量是根据NRC(1984)、AEC(1987)和大学报告提出的。     

种成年雉鸡不同阶段的饲养管理要点

饲养种用雉鸡的目的是培育健壮的种雉,使之生产出更多高质量的种蛋。在野生状态下．成年雉鸡随着季节的变化．而产生生物节律性变化,形成不同阶段性的生理特点。成年雉鸡在饲养条件下仍具有这些原始的生理特点。根据雉鸡因季节变化而产生的生理变化和特点,可将雉鸡的饲养和管理分为以下4个阶段：繁殖准备期(2～3月份)、繁殖期(4～7月份)、换羽期(8～10月份)和越冬期(10月～翌年1月份)。     

商品雉鸡营养标准建议及其饲养效果观测

制订雉鸡不同饲养阶段的营养标准，并进行了饲养效果试验。结果表明：建议营养标准下的雉鸡15周龄体重达1.631kg，饲料报酬为3．199：1，饲养1只雉鸡可获毛利11．81元。建议营养标准和饲养方法适合于规模生产。     

雉鸡的养殖技术

从雉鸡生活习性、繁殖技术、育雏期、育成期及种雉鸡的饲养管理等方面详细介绍了雉鸡养殖技术,以期为提高雉鸡养殖水平和经济效益提供参考。     

雉鸡的养殖技术

从雉鸡生活习性、繁殖技术、育雏期、育成期及种雉鸡的饲养管理等方面详细介绍了雉鸡养殖技术,以期为提高雉鸡养殖水平和经济效益提供参考。     

雉鸡新城疫的诊制体会

一 发病情况 江苏省泰州市寺巷镇某饲养专业户2004年4月上旬引进80日龄的雉鸡500只，入场后进行单舍隔离饲养，运动场与原来饲养的雉鸡用铁丝网隔离，饲料和饲养用具混用，与同村养鸡户相邻。饲养到第8天后，有4只精神沉郁，以后陆续发病，不久便出现死亡。经了解雉鸡进场时没有接种新城疫疫苗，采用氟哌酸饮水，甲砜霉素散拌料均治疗无效，死亡继续，到我院就诊时死亡率已达30%以上。     

雏雉饲养管理关键技术

随着珍禽饲养业的不断发展，雉鸡以其外形美观，肉质细嫩，营养价值高而越来越受到人们的青睐。但是由于饲养技术不高，特别是不懂育雏技术，导致雉鸡在育雏阶段就大批死亡，给雉鸡饲养专业户造成很大损失。笔者将育雏经验及体会进行总结，现报道如下。     

雉鸡的品种特性与开发利用

雉鸡在动物学分类上属于鸟纲、鸡形目、雉科、雉属，拉丁名为Piasianuscolehicus，又称环颈雉，俗称山鸡或野鸡。我国古代就有养殖雉鸡的记载，但是真正大规模开始研究、养殖雉鸡是于1978年中国农业科学院特产研究所首先开始的，并取得了多项研究成果。雉鸡在野生状态下分为30个亚种，其中在我国境内分布的有19个亚种，约占雉鸡亚种总数的2／3，广泛地分布于大江南北，除了西藏和海南以外，遍及全国。雉鸡肉质鲜美，营养丰富，羽毛彩色鲜艳，可制成工艺品，且具耐粗饲、容易饲养等特点，已经成为我国养殖规模较大，重要的猎禽和肉蛋兼用型的经济鸟类之一。雉鸡的推广、开发及应用都具有广阔的价值和潜力。     

我国家养雉鸡养殖现状分析

我国家养雉鸡资源丰富,主要有河北亚种雉鸡、左家雉鸡、中国环颈雉(美国七彩雉鸡)、黑化雉鸡、白雉鸡、特大型雉鸡、浅黄色雉鸡、天峨六画山鸡、蒙古雉鸡和绿雉等。我国雉鸡养殖业经历30多年的发展,已摸索出了适合我国国情的饲养管理技术,在饲养管理、繁殖育种、营养标准和产品加工方面都有相关研究。本文对雉鸡资源和养殖现状进行总结,同时也提出存在的问题和改进方向。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.