滁州鲫夏花鱼种适宜蛋白质需求量的研究

以蛋白梯度饲养法对滁州鲫夏花鱼种的蛋白质适宜需要量进行研究。试验饲料共分7个蛋白梯度，蛋白质含量为30％～45％，实验结束后以增重率、特定生长率、饵料系数等为指标，并用数理统计的方法加以分析，认为滁州鲫夏花对饲料的最适蛋白质需要量为42．5％，适宜范围为41．0％～43．5％。     

饲料蛋白能量比对红鳍东方鲀幼鱼的生长性能、饲料利用和体组成的影响

为探求红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)幼鱼饲料的最适蛋白质能量比,以鱼粉和豆粕作为主要蛋白源,鱼油和豆油作为主要脂肪源,配制粗蛋白含量分别为36％、42％和48％,粗脂肪含量分别为8％、12％和16％,蛋能比为17.06～24.20 mg/kJ的9组饲料.投喂初始体重为14.95 g的红鳍东方鲀幼鱼56...     

胭脂鱼幼鱼饲料中适宜的蛋白质含量和能量蛋白比的研究

以酪蛋白作为蛋白源,植物油作为脂肪能量基础来源,用糊精调节能量梯度。添加等量α-淀粉、复合预混料,用羧甲基纤维素（CMC）作为粘合剂,配制成不同梯度的蛋白质和能量的试验饲料。以增重率、蛋白质效率和饲料系数为评判依据,对体重为25.80±0.34g的胭脂鱼适宜蛋白质含量及其能量蛋白比进行了研究。结果表明：胭脂鱼幼鱼配合饲料中的适宜蛋白质含量范围为40～45,饲料的最佳能量蛋白比为460。当试验饲料蛋白质含量为41.15,能量蛋白比为460时,试验胭脂鱼获得最大增重率为73,最低的饲料系数为1.52,以及最高的蛋白质效率为1.65。     

中华鲟幼鱼饲料营养素适宜含量的研究

用蛋白质梯度饲养法测定蛋白质适宜含量范围,以增重率为指标,采用直线和抛物线回归,计算得出幼鲟饲料蛋白质适宜需要量为３５ ．４１ ％ ～４９ ．０９ ％ ;用正交试验法,以生长比速、蛋白质效率和饲料系数为评价指标,筛选幼鲟最适生长的饲料营养素含量为：蛋白质４０ ．４１ ％ ,脂肪９ ．０６ ％ ,糖２５ ．５６ ％ ,纤维素４ ．０８ ％ 。各营养素对幼鲟的生长及蛋白质效率的影响大小为：蛋白质＞ 脂肪＞ 糖＞ 纤维素,其中蛋白质为影响生长和鱼体成份变化的主要因素（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ;用脂肪梯度饲养法对正交试验结果进一步重复和验证,结果吻合。     

鲈鱼幼鱼人工配合饲料中蛋白质,脂肪适宜含量的研究

探讨了人工配合料中蛋白质,脂肪对鲈鱼幼鱼生长的影响,对各试验组幼鱼肝组织中的脂肪含量进行了比较,经３５ｄ试验养殖,结果表明：鲈鱼幼鱼配合饲料中蛋白质和脂肪的含量分别为３９．８５％～４０．１２％和５．４％～１５．４％时较为适宜。     

罗氏沼虾(幼虾)的营养需求与参考饲料配方

罗氏沼虾（幼虾）的饲料蛋白质需求为30％～40％,脂肪需求为6％,碳水化合物的含量的适宜范围为20％～30％,适宜的蛋白质能量比为10千卡消化能门克蛋白质,对15种维生素和8种微量元素都是必须的。钙、磷比应控制在及～1．5：1。纤维素含量幼虾要求在州左右,另外,饲料中还需含有0．5％～l．5％的胆固醇。下表列出两个饲料配方供参考。罗氏沼虾(幼虾)的营养需求与参考饲料配方     

鳜幼鱼配合饲料最适蛋白质含量初步研究

采用精制饲料蛋白质梯度法，以鱼粉蛋白和酪蛋白为蛋白源，测定鳜幼鱼配合饲料最适蛋白质含量。试验期平均水温２１℃；试验鱼为平均尾重１５９±２２ｇ幼鳜；试验饲料蛋白质含量梯度为０％—４９９％；养殖３０天后采用直线回归和抛物线回归计算初步确定，鳜幼鱼配合饲料蛋白质最适含量为４４７％—４５８％。对饲料蛋白质含量与饲料蛋白质利用率、饲料系数和投饲率的相关关系进行了讨论     

大菱鲆幼鱼对饲料中泛酸最适需求量的研究

为研究大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼对泛酸的最适需求量,在基础配方中添加不同梯度的泛酸钙,制成6组泛酸含量分别为6.24、10.64、15.02、23.81、41.40和76.57 mg/kg等氮等能实验饲料,投喂初始体重为(24.73±0.10) g的大菱鲆幼鱼80 d。结果显示：1)泛酸对幼鱼成活率(SR)无显著影响(P>0.05),10.64~76.57 mg/kg饲料组增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)显著提高(P< 0.05);泛酸含量超过23.81 mg/kg时,肝体比(HSI)显著降低(P<0.05);2)随着饲料中泛酸含量的提高,全鱼粗蛋白、粗脂肪和肌肉粗蛋白均呈先升后降趋势,肝脏脂肪含量显著下降(P<0.05);3)肠道消化酶、Na+, K+-ATPase和肝脏胆碱酯酶(ChE)活力随泛酸添加量的增加呈先上升后下降趋势,10.64~76.57 mg/kg饲料组肠道肌酸激酶(CK)活力显著提高(P<0.05);4)血清、肝脏中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力均呈先升后降趋势;6.24 mg/kg饲料组血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于其他5组(P<0.05);5)随泛酸含量的增加,肝脏脂肪合成酶(FAS)基因表达量先升后降,脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)基因表达量显著上升(P<0.05)。研究表明,饲料中添加适宜的泛酸能显著增强大菱鲆幼鱼肠道消化、吸收能力和机体抗氧化能力,并可提高脂肪代谢相关基因的表达水平,从而提高其生长性能。以增重率为判据,经折线模型拟合得出,初体重为24.73 g的大菱鲆幼鱼对泛酸的需求量为16.08 mg/kg饲料。     

克氏螯虾饲料中适宜的蛋白质含量和能量蛋白比研究

采用3×3因子试验法,设计了3种不同蛋白质水平(26%、29%、32%)及能最蛋白比水平(36、40、44 kl/g)的9种试验饲料,对体重(2.39±0.37)g的克氏螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)的适宜蛋白质含量及其蛋白能最比进行了研究,生长试验期42 d.结果表明,克氏螫虾幼虾配合饲料中适宜蛋白质含量为29.49%～32.24%,饲料的适宜能量蛋白比范嗣为34.67～37.46 kJ/g;当试验饲料蛋白质含量为31.86%,能量蛋白比为35.85 kJ/g时,试验虾获得最大增重率、最低的饲料系数、最高的蛋白质效率及最大的特定生长率.     

鲟鱼的营养需求与仔鱼投饵技术

我国人工养殖的鲟鱼主要是原产于黑龙江的史氏鲟、杂交鲟及引自俄罗斯的优良品种———俄罗斯鲟、闪光鲟和小体鲟。一、鲟鱼的营养要求１．蛋白质许多学者的研究结果表示，不同种类的鲟鱼对饲料中蛋白质的需求比较接近。高首鲟（体重１４５～３００克）的饲料蛋白含量的适宜范围为３６．５％～４０．５％，最高增重率需求为４９．６％，用Bro－kenlinemodel确定，饲料中蛋白质最适含量为４０．５％±１．６％。西伯利亚鲟（体重２２～４７克）饲料蛋白质的最适含量为４０％±２％，最高增重率需求为４９％。史氏鲟仔鲟的饵料中粗蛋白含量以…     

Effects of dietary protein to carbohydrate ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Siluriformes, Bagridae, Pelteobagrus)

The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein to carbohydrate ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco . Nine diets were formulated to contain three protein levels (30%, 36% and 42%), each with three carbohydrate levels (24%, 30% and 36%). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial mean body weight: 8.24±0.20 g) in indoor flow – through fibreglass tanks. The experiment continued for 8 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate were similar for the fish fed the 36% and 42% protein diets but higher than that fed the 30% protein diet. At the 36% protein level, carbohydrate contents varying from 24% to 36% ( P / E ratio of 24.0–28.2 mg protein kJ⁻¹) had no significant effects on growth performance and feed utilization ( P >0.05). Protein efficiency ratio tended to increase with dietary carbohydrate level at the same protein level. Dietary treatments significantly influenced body composition ( P <0.05), but not the condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio ( P >0.05). Based on these observations, 36% protein and 24–36% carbohydrate with the P / E ratio of 24.0–28.2 mg protein kJ⁻¹ seemed suitable for optimal growth and feed utilization, and carbohydrate could cause protein-sparing effect in diets for juvenile yellow catfish.     

黄河鲇幼鱼对饲料蛋白和能量需要的初步研究

以粗蛋白、总能、赖氨酸、非植酸磷为试验因素,各设6个水平,采用均匀设计U6*(64)制成6种配合饲料,饲喂黄河鲇(Silurus lanzhouensis)幼鱼60 d,研究黄河鲇对饲料粗蛋白和能量的需要量。以相对增重率、特定生长率、肌肉RNA/DNA值为指标,采用偏最小二乘法建立二次多项式回归方程,并对方程进行降维分析和优化求解。结果显示:摄食第3组饲料(蛋白质42%,总能19.50 kJ/g)试验鱼相对增重率、特定生长率、肌肉RNA/DNA均获得最大值,分别为84.83%、1.02%、2.98;随着饲料中粗蛋白、总能的增加,鱼体增重率、特定生长率、肌肉RNA/DNA值均呈先上升后下降的趋势。研究表明,黄河鲇幼鱼对饲料粗蛋白的需要量为42.48%～42.96%,对总能的需要量为19.3～19.4 kJ/g。     

Optimum Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels in Juvenile Filefish,Stephanolepis cirrhifer,Feed

A feeding trial was designed to assess the effects of dietary protein and lipid content on growth, feed utilization efficiency, body composition, and hematological indices of juvenile filefish, Stephanolepis cirrhifer. Eight experimental diets were formulated with a combination of four protein (35, 40, 45, and 50%) and two dietary lipid levels (7 and 14%). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish (3.2 ± 0.06 g) to apparent satiation for 8 wk. Fish growth performance and feed utilization were significantly affected by increasing dietary protein and lipid levels, with no significant interactions between factors. The highest growth performance value, in terms of weight gain, was observed in groups fed the diets with 50% protein (399%). However, fish fed the diet containing 45% protein had comparable growth (357%) while achieving relatively higher protein efficiency ratio. Hepatosomatic index was significantly affected by interaction of dietary lipid and protein with the highest values observed in those fish fed the highest protein (45–50%) and lipid (14%) diets. There was a significant increase in body lipid content (5.1 to 6.6%) and a decrease in body protein (15.8 to 14.8%) and ash (2.47 to 2.16%) with increasing dietary lipid levels from 7 to 14%. Muscle lipid content was significantly affected by both dietary protein and lipid levels and tended to increase with increasing dietary protein and lipid levels, ranging from 0.13 to 1.20%. Liver lipid content (65.9 to 68.7%) was significantly increased with the increase in dietary lipid levels while liver moisture content (28.9 to 25.9%) showed a clear decreasing trend. Hematological values were also altered with the increase in either dietary protein or lipid levels. These findings may suggest that a diet containing 45% protein and 7% lipid, with a protein to energy ratio of 23.8 mg/kJ, could deliver sufficient nutrient and energy to support acceptable growth and feed utilization and avoid excessive fat deposition in juvenile filefish.     

高植物蛋白饲料中不同水平低分子水解鱼蛋白对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)幼鱼生长及肝脏IGF-I受体表达的影响

本研究利用低分子水解鱼蛋白设计了4组等氮等能的高植物蛋白饲料,研究不同水平低分子水解鱼蛋白对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)幼鱼[(4.16±0.01)g]生长性能、鱼体组成及肝脏中类胰岛素生长因子Ⅰ受体(Insulin-like growth factor receptor,IGF-IR)表达的影响.水解鱼蛋白分别替代总蛋白的5％(UF-5)、10％(UF-10)、20％(UF-20)的鱼粉,无添加FPH组为对照组(UF-0),用这4种饲料饲喂大菱鲆幼鱼84 d,结果显示,UF-0、UF-5和UF-10组的增重率、特定生长率无显著差异(P＞0.05),但显著高于UF-20组(P＜0.05);UF-0、UF-5组的饲料效率、蛋白质效率和蛋白质沉积率无显著差异(P＞0.05),而显著高于UF-10、UF-20组(P＜0.05);UF-0、UF-5和UF-10三组鱼体粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量无显著差异(P＞0.05),但显著高于UF-20组(P＜0.05);UF-5组必需氨基酸含量及必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值显著高于其他3组(P＜0.05),其他3组间无显著差异(P＞0.05);肝脏中IGF-IR mRNA的表达随着水解鱼蛋白替代水平的增加而升高,且UF-20组与其他3组差异显著(P＜0.05).结果表明,适当添加低水平水解鱼蛋白(UF-5)可促进大菱鲆幼鱼的生长、提高饲料效率及促进肌肉必需氨基酸的积累;高水平添加低分子水解鱼蛋白(UF-20)会抑制其生长及饲料利用等;低分子水解鱼蛋白可提高大菱鲆肝脏中IGF-IR基因的表达量.     

The effect of ultrafiltered fish protein hydrolysate level on growth performance,protein digestibility and mRNA expression of PepT1 in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

The intention of the study was to investigate the effect of ultrafiltered fish protein hydrolysate (UF) level on growth, feed utilization, apparent digestibility coefficients and proximal intestine peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) mRNA level for juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). Experimental diets (UF‐0, UF‐5, UF‐10, UF‐15 and UF‐20) were prepared containing about 68% plant protein, and fish meal protein was, respectively, replaced by 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% UF of dietary protein. Diet PP contained about 78% plant protein, and diet CAA contained about 10% crystalline amino acid mixture. All diets were fed to seven triplicate groups of turbot (initial weight 16.05 ± 0.03 g) for 68 days. Fish fed diet UF‐10 had an increasing tendency in growth compared with diets contained UF, while dietary UF level was not significantly correlated with specific growth rate and feed intake. Feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio and protein productive value significantly correlated with dietary UF level, and fish fed diets contained low‐level UF had higher digestibility than that diets UF‐0, PP and CAA. There was a decreasing tendency in PepT1 expression level with dietary UF level. The results indicated that low‐level UF showed a positive effect on growth and feed utilization in juvenile turbot.     

饲料蛋白质水平对马苏大麻哈鱼幼鱼生长指标和饲料系数的影响

为了解在水温7.4～11.3℃的流水池养殖条件下马苏大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus masou masou)幼鱼饲料中不同蛋白质水平对其生长指标和饲料利用效率的影响,设计了5组蛋白质水平为40.40％、44.84％、50.16％、54.82％和59.03％的养殖试验,养殖期为150d.试验过程中进行了水质化学指标的...     

饲料中添加两种蛋白水解物对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)幼鱼生长性能及肠道组织学结构的影响

本研究共配制了3种等氮等脂的实验饲料,其中,对照组饲料使用15％鱼粉提供部分饲料蛋白,2个实验组饲料分别用鱼水解蛋白和鸡水解蛋白替代了饲料中10％的鱼粉蛋白.对初始体重为4.16g左右的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)幼鱼进行了为期12周的投喂,研究了其对大菱鲆生长性能及肠道组织学结构的影响.结果显示,鱼水解蛋白组(PHf)的特定生长率、饲料效率、蛋白效率比和蛋白质沉积率较对照组(FM)无显著差异(P＞0.05),但显著高于鸡水解蛋白组(PHc)(P＜0.05);3组实验鱼的摄食率无显著差异(P＞0.05);PHf和PHc组的鱼体蛋白含量显著高于FM组(P＜0.05),3组实验鱼的脂肪含量无显著差异(P＞0.05).PHf和PHc组的鱼体肌肉必需氨基酸含量显著高于FM组(P＜0.05).PHf和PHc组的前肠和中肠黏膜皱襞高度大于FM组,且PHf组较FM组差异显著(P＜0.05);3组实验鱼的前肠和中肠上皮细胞的高度无显著差异(P＞0.05);FM组前肠和中肠的肠壁厚度大于其他2组,且显著大于PHf组(P＜0.05).大菱鲆饲料中使用鱼水解蛋白替代部分鱼粉蛋白在生长性能及肠道组织学结构方面要优于使用鸡水解蛋白.     

Effects of Dietary Protein and Lipid Levels with Different Protein‐to‐Energy Ratios on Growth,Feed Utilization,and Plasma Biochemical Parameters of Dianchi Golden‐line Barbell,Sinocyclocheilus grahami

An 8‐wk feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of varying dietary protein and lipid levels with different protein‐to‐energy (P/E) ratios on growth, feed utilization, and plasma biochemical parameters of Sinocyclocheilus graham. Nine experimental diets were formulated to contain three protein levels (35, 40, and 45%), and each with three lipid levels (4, 8, and 12%), to produce a range of P/E ratios from 71.31 to 98.64 mg protein/kcal. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 25 fish. Fish grew best when fed the diet containing 45% protein and 12% lipid. However, fish fed the diet with 40% protein and 8% lipid had similar weight gain and specific growth rate as those fed the above diet but showed relatively better feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and protein and energy retentions. Additionally, plasma total amino acids and blood urea nitrogen contents and γ‐glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities in fish fed the diet containing 40% protein and 8% lipid were relatively low among the dietary treatments. These results may indicate that a diet containing 40% protein and 8% lipid with P/E ratio of 84.05 mg protein/kcal would be suitable for the optimal growth, feed utilization, and health of S. graham.     

Fishmeal replacement by mixed plant proteins and effect on growth and sensory attributes in on‐growing turbot

Fishmeal replacement with a mixture of plant protein (PP) raw materials (soya, wheat gluten meal, corn gluten meal and rapeseed meal) in diets for 300‐950 g turbot was tested. Eight different diets with fishmeal protein stepwise varying from 53.7% of crude protein (CP) to 93% of CP of the total protein in the diet were tested. The fish was weighed at monthly intervals for following of weight development and calculation of specific growth rates, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio. At the end of the experiment, fish was sampled for sensory evaluation. Average final weight was 950 g and did not vary between the experimental groups. There were no effects of dietary treatment on specific growth rates, daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio or sensory attributes measured. The least‐cost diet (with 53.7% fishmeal protein) is about 12% lower in raw material cost (based on material price of diet components) than the all fishmeal diet. The results therefore indicate that the raw material cost in feed for on‐growing turbot can be reduced considerably without any negative effect on growth and feed utilization.