奶牛酮病的诊治

牛的酮病是高产奶牛糖丢失过多且能量和糖源供应不足而导致血糖降低和血酮浓度增高的急性或慢性疾病。笔者近年来收治 36例奶牛酮血病 ,经治疗全部痊愈。1　发病情况该病主要发生在母牛产后 2 0 d之内 ,最迟不超过 7周 ,个别有在产后 6个月内发病。虽然发病原因比较复杂 ,但最主要的原因是营养供应不全 ,特别是在泌乳高峰期 ,当饲喂大量精料 (高蛋白和高脂肪性饲料 ) ,而碳水化合物 (青饲料、干草等 )供给不足 ,以及运动不足时 ,最易发病。2　临床症状本病发生后 ,患牛初期表现为前胃弛缓 ,反刍减少 ,瘤胃蠕动音减弱 ,粪便稍干呈“花卷”状 …     

奶牛酮病的防治

酮病是由于糖类、脂类代谢障碍,在动物体内的酮体量异常增加并呈现出临床症状(即病牛的产奶量下降,不吃精料,迅速的消瘦,呼出的气体、乳汁以及尿发出酮味)。然而有的并不表现临床症状,但在血液中酮体增加者称为酮血症,在尿中酮体量增加者称为酮尿症,在乳中酮体量增加者称为酮乳症。     

奶牛酮尿病的防治

奶牛酮尿病是由于碳水化合物和脂肪代谢紊乱、血中聚集大量酮体而引发，也叫奶牛醋酸血病和酮病，多见于冬春季的舍饲期，特别是饲喂精料多，营养良好的高产奶牛。原发性酮尿病，一般多由于母牛怀孕、产犊和开始产乳时内分泌系统和新陈代谢负担的加重，以及碳水化合物和脂肪代谢紊乱而产生大量酮体，这些过量的酮体，进入血中即发生酮尿病；继发性酮尿病多见于产后瘫痪、饲料中毒和前胃迟缓等疾病。     

奶牛酮病的诊治

20 0 3年 3月 ,我们对四川省西昌市某奶牛场的 9例奶牛酮病进行诊治 ,结果病牛全部治愈。1　发病情况9例病牛均有饲料单一 ,可溶性糖和优质饲草缺乏 ,日粮中蛋白质含量过高的饲养史。其中 6例干奶期过肥 ,3例体况良好。 9例病牛均缺乏运动 ,生产 3～ 6胎 ,产后 2～ 4周为高产期。 9例病牛病程均较短 ,突然起病 ,为急性奶牛酮病。2　临床症状病牛初期表现为食欲减退 ,不愿吃精料 ,仅吃少量干谷草和青草。流涎 ,反刍减少 ,瘤胃蠕动减弱或蠕动次数减少 ,肠音减弱 ,粪便干硬 ,或肠音增强 ,粪便稀软 ,粪便臭味大。病初兴奋不安 ,听觉过敏 ,眼神凶…     

奶牛酮尿病的防制

奶牛的酮尿病是由于碳水化合 物和脂肪代谢紊乱、血中聚集大量酮体而引发,也叫奶牛醋酸血病和酮病,多见于冬春季的舍饲期,特别是饲喂精料多,营养良好的高产奶牛多发。原发性酮尿病,是由于母牛怀孕、产犊和开始产乳时内分泌系统和新陈代谢负担的加重,以及碳水化合物和脂肪代谢紊乱而产生大 量酮体,这些过量的酮体,进入血中即发生酮尿病。生产中多见于产后瘫痪、饲料中毒和前胃迟缓等疾病。 　　(一)临床症状　病牛常出现的症状分为消化型和神经型两种。消化型:食欲降低或废绝,异食,喜喝污水、尿液,可视黏膜黄染。反刍无力,次数不定,瘤胃…     

奶牛酮病的发病原因与防治

奶牛酮病是奶牛体内糖类和脂肪代谢障碍，导致血液中积聚大量的酮体，由尿液、乳汁和呼气排出，伴发低血糖为特征的代谢性疾病。该病常发生于舍饲、运动不足及营养较高情况下的奶牛，特别是高产奶牛。     

奶牛醋酮血病的诊治

奶牛醋酮血病又称酮病,是由于碳水化合物和挥发性脂肪酸代谢紊乱,导致大量酮体在体内蓄积,临床上以血液及尿液内的酮体增多为特征的一种高产奶牛常见的急性或慢性病。近年来,随着奶产量的不断提高和规模化饲养程度的不断加强,奶牛醋酮血病的发生也屡见不鲜。轻症引发产奶量下降,发情延迟,受胎率降低;重症导致衰竭而死或久治不愈被迫淘汰,损失惨重。     

奶牛醋酮血病的诊治

奶牛醋酮血病是牛体内营养物质代谢紊乱所引起的以精神异常、瘤胃代谢紊乱、酮血、酮尿及酮乳和低血糖症为特征的酮体酸中毒症。多见于营养好的 3～ 6胎的高产奶牛 ,一般在产后 30天左右发病 ,最迟不超过 6周。该病主要表现为食欲减退、反刍迟缓、体质量及产奶量迅速降低 ,同时出现低血糖 ,血中酮体增加 (可达正常量的 2 5倍 )。严重病例 ,病牛产后瘫痪或完全衰竭之后死亡。1　症状一般产后 30天左右呈现顽固性消化紊乱 ,不爱吃精料 ,喜吃粗料 ,触诊瘤胃异常空虚、肚腹卷缩 ,排粪迟滞。当靠近牛体时 ,有一种醋酮气味 (似烂苹果味 ) ,泌乳减…     

Cluster analysis to evaluate disease risk in periparturient dairy cattle

Predicting periparturient disease risk is of immense value to the dairy industry. Periparturient diseases are interrelated with each other; however, predicting the onset risk of these diseases has predominantly been based on a single blood parameter for a single disease. This study examined a new diagnostic method to predict the risk of periparturient diseases. We conducted cluster analysis of multiple blood constituents from 20 Holstein cattle at 1 week post‐partum, and the cattle were divided into two groups, A or B. We then compared the periparturient and early‐lactation blood constituents of these groups. Group B had significantly higher 3‐hydroxybutyric acid concentrations and were suspected to have subclinical ketosis. Group B also had significantly lower calcium concentrations, with a tendency for subclinical hypocalcemia. We also performed discriminant analysis using blood parameters at 1 week post‐partum, which grouped the population into the same two groups as the cluster analysis based on three variables: inorganic phosphorus, calcium, and either phospholipids or total cholesterol. We further showed that these discriminant functions could be used to predict the risk of periparturient disease even before parturition. Our results indicate that cluster analysis with multiple blood constituents is useful for predicting periparturient disease risks.     

孕牛细胞免疫功能的研究

应用酸性α－醋酸萘酯酶染色法、碱性磷酸酶－抗碱性磷酸酶桥联免疫酶染色法（ＡＰＰＡＰ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）和ＭＴＴ比色法分别测量未妊娠、妊娠前期,妊娠中期和妊娠后期。     

波尔山羊与关中奶山羊发情行为对比观察

本文通过对两个引进品种——波尔山羊与关中奶山羊发情行为比较观察,结果发现,波尔山羊发情期三个阶段,发情初期、发情末期,尤其在发情盛期的行为没有关中奶山羊的明显,发情持续时间为26.00±8.98hr,短于关中奶山羊的40.93±8.39hr(P<0.0.1)。公羊试情结合阴道检查是准确鉴定波尔山羊发情的主要方法。本研究还提出在培育、引进或利用波尔山羊品种时,应兼顾繁殖性能的建议。     

奶牛胚胎分割试验研究

简单分割7～8天奶牛胚胎59枚(117个半胚)。裸半胚成对移给59头奶牛或黄牛,80～90天有27头(45.8％)妊娠。最后24头受体产犊34头,半胚产犊率29.1％(34/117)。有10对双胎,双胎率41.7％(10/24)。比较在不同情况下—7天或8天;晚桑椹或囊胚期;透明带软化处理或不软化处理—分割的半胚,成对移植后受体妊娠率分别是40.0％和57.9％;35.7％和54.8％;48.6％和41.7％。半胚产犊率分别是26.6％和34.2％;23.6％和33.9％;30.0％和27.7％。均无显著差异(P>0.05)。分割优质胚胎得到最好的(35.7％)半胚产犊率。半胚在体外5小时内移植有较高(30.5％)的产犊率。试验探索了奶牛半胚移给远处分散的农户黄牛的可能性。11对奶牛半胚移给11头黄牛有6头(54.5％)妊娠。最后5头受体产下7头奶牛犊,两对同卵双胎。     

Comparison of cholesterol levels among lipoprotein fractions separated by anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography in periparturient Holstein–Friesian dairy cows

Changes in lipoprotein profiles occur in dairy cows during the periparturient period and in cows with transition cow disease. Here, the lipoprotein profiles of Holstein–Friesian dairy cows during the periparturient period were obtained by anion-exchange, high-performance liquid chromatography to evaluate the usefulness of lipoprotein profile evaluation during the periparturient period and in cows with fatty liver and milk fever. Lipoprotein levels (including total and high- (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) cholesterol) in 10 healthy cows were low 4 weeks prepartum, with the lowest values at calving or within 1 week of calving; the values increased at 8 weeks postpartum. The lipoprotein levels were measured in 16 cows diagnosed with fatty liver (n=10) or milk fever (n=6) and compared to 10 healthy dairy cows. A significant difference was observed in HDL-C between healthy cows (at calving and 1 week postpartum), and the fatty liver and milk fever cows. Cows with fatty liver and milk fever had a lower mean HDL-C than the 10 healthy dairy cows at calving and 1 week postpartum. HDL-C might be a good indicator of energy balance for differentiating healthy cows from those with transition cow disease.     

Characterization of ruminal dynamics in Holstein dairy cows during the periparturient period

We used four pregnant Holstein cows to delineate ruminal adaptations as cows transitioned from one lactation to the next. Cows were fed typical diets through far-off and close-up dry periods and lactation. We measured ruminal characteristics on day 72 (late lactation), 51 (far-off dry), 23 and 9 (close-up dry) prepartum and on days 6, 20, 34, 48, 62, 76 and 90 postpartum (early lactation). Measurements included: ruminal fill (weight of actual contents), ruminal capacity (volume of rumen when fully filled), digestibilities and ruminal passage rates. Ruminal capacity tended to increase linearly during early lactation but was stable during dry and transition periods. Both total and liquid fill decreased linearly during the dry period, increased across parturition, and increased linearly through early lactation. Dry matter fill decreased as cows were fed the close-up diet at day 23 prepartum then increased near parturition and continued to increase across early lactation. Solid passage rate was greatest when cows were fed the close-up diet, and decreased throughout the transition period. In lactation, solid passage rate responded quadratically with peak at day 48 followed by decreases through day 90 postpartum. Liquid passage increased linearly across the transition period. Total tract organic matter digestibilities increased linearly over the dry period with significant increases prior to or immediately after parturition, then they remained relatively stable over early lactation until they increased at day 90. Fibre digestibilities demonstrated quadratic responses over early lactation, being higher on day 6 and day 90 than at other times. Starch digestibilities decreased linearly across both the dry and transition periods with decreases in lactation until day 62 followed by increases until day 90. High producing lactating dairy cows go through a multitude of ruminal adaptations, in terms of digestion, passage, capacity and fill, as they transition from one lactation to the next.     

半胱胺对奶山羊乳腺发育及血浆有关激素水平的影响

选3只空怀奶山羊进行自身前后对照试验和4只妊娠奶山羊进行同胎次配对试验 ,且各自进行自身前后对照 ,以消除妊娠过程中乳腺自身发育的影响。空怀奶山羊在试验期添加半胱胺(CS) ,妊娠奶山羊在试验组的试验期添加CS(每5天一次 ,剂量为100mg/kgBW ,共3次)。结果表明 ,与对照期相比 ,试验期空怀奶山羊乳腺组织的DNA含量明显升高(P<0.05) ,RNA含量变化不明显(P>0.05) ,RNA/DNA值显著下降(P<0.05)。组织学观察发现 ,对照期乳腺的腺泡很少发育 ,几乎看不到乳导管 ;试验期乳腺有明显导管生长和少量腺泡发育。与对照期相比 ,试验期血浆生长激素(GH)水平升高39.5 %(P<0.05) ,血浆催乳素(PRL)水平提高28.7 %(P<0.05)。与对照组相比 ,试验组妊娠奶山羊乳腺DNA含量明显提高(P<0.05) ,RNA含量显著下降(P<0.05) ,RNA/DNA值明显下降。组织学观察发现 ,对照组山羊乳腺随着妊娠的进行有少量腺泡发育 ,腺导管有明显的生长 ;而试验组山羊乳腺有大量的腺泡发育 ,腺导管生长更明显 ,且有分泌物出现。与对照组相比 ,试验组山羊血浆GH水平提高52.1 %(P<0.05) ,血浆PRL水平提高19.8%(P<0.05)。     

丙酮酸在奶牛养殖业中应用前景的研究进展

阐述丙酮酸在动物机体内的代谢途径,论述了丙酮酸与糖类、脂类和氨基酸代谢的关系,从理论上表明丙酮酸对奶牛酮病有一定的预防和治疗效果,结合国内外的研究成果推测丙酮酸可能对奶牛的体况的维持以及预防和缓解能量代谢性疾病具有积极地作用。此外,丙酮酸对改善心功能、增强机体抗氧化功能、调节反刍动物的瘤胃发酵类型以及提高采食量等方面都有积极地作用。     

奶牛酮病的研究概况

奶牛酮病是由于体内代谢紊乱所引起的一种代谢性疾病,主要表现为产奶量、乳汁质量下降,繁殖性能降低,以及内分泌紊乱等,导致奶牛淘汰率增加,给奶牛场造成严重的经济损失。近年来,奶牛酮病的发生率有呈上升的趋势,与目前奶牛产奶量高、日粮结构改变有很大的关系。通过营养调控在一定程度上可以降低酮病的发生率。