Primary Hypoparathyroidism in the Dog: Report of 15 Cases and Review of 13 Previously Reported Cases

Fifteen dogs with primary hypoparathyroidism diagnosed at the University of California Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital were compared with 13 previously reported cases. Age, sex, breed, and historical and physical findings were similar in both groups of dogs. Middle-aged females were affected primarily. A history of neurologic or neuromuscular disease was present in all 28 dogs, with 18 dogs having seizures. Posterior lenticular cataract formation secondary to hypocalcemia was suspected in six dogs. The most characteristic biochemical finding in all dogs was profound hypocalcemia (less than 6.5 mg/dl) and mild hyperphosphatemia. Serum magnesium concentrations were decreased in two dogs. Serum parathyroid hormone concentrations were consistent with the diagnosis of primary hypoparathyroidism in eight of nine dogs. Lymphocytic parathyroiditis was diagnosed in the 12 dogs from which tissue was submitted for histopathology. Successful management of the patient depended on frequent monitoring of the serum calcium concentration during initial and maintenance therapy.     

Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Canine Urethra: Case Report and Review of the Literature

PRIMARY neoplasms of the lower urinary tract of the dog are relatively uncommon. These neoplasms occur most frequently in older dogs and, while they can originate anywhere along the urinary tract, the urinary bladder is by far the most common site. Reports in the literature indicate that neoplasms of the urinary bladder account for approximately 0.5% of all tumors in dogs.¹     

Suspected Tension Pneumomediastinum In A Dog: A Case Report

Successful resuscitation of a trauma-induced, suspected tension pneumomediastinum in a dog is presented. The cause was a caudal cervical penetration wound which acted as a one-way valve allowing air to enter, but not exit, the cranial mediastium. Early in the course of hospitalization, respiratory and cardiovascular collapse occurred; an emergent parasternotomy allowed decompression of the mediastinum, and the cradiovascular system immediately responded. The dog made a complete recovery following surgical exploration and removal of contaminated mediastinal tissue. Nine days of intensive care included 24-hour monitoring, oxygen therapy, intravenous crystalloids and colloids, continuous pleural suctioning, nutritional support, antibiotics, and pain control.     

Metastasising Granulosa Cell Tumour of the Testis: A Case Report in the Dog

Veterinary Research Communications -     

犬肠套叠引起肠管切除术的病例报告

我们在兽医临床中,曾遇1例犬肠套叠且肠管坏死,经断端吻合手术,效果很好,报告如下.     

Feline Hyperthyroidism: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

A sixteen year old cat was examined because of polyphagia and weight loss. On the basis of elevated thyroxine levels and the clinical presentation a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism was made. The cat was treated presurgically with propylthiouracil and propranolol. Surgical excision of the grossly affected thyroid lobe, and partial excision of the apparently normal contralateral lobe was carried out. The cat improved clinically after the surgery but elevated thyroxine levels persisted. This case and the literature review, which is presented also, stress the necessity to either demonstrate unilateral involvement via extensive presurgical work-up, or to do bilateral, or staged bilateral thyroidectomies in cases of feline hyperthyroidism.     

Necrotizing Meningoencephalitis in Atypical Dog Breeds: A Case Series and Literature Review

Background

Canine necrotizing meningoencephalitis (NME) is a fatal, noninfectious inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. NME has been reported only in a small number of dog breeds, which has led to the presumption that it is a breed‐restricted disorder.

Hypothesis/Objectives

Our objective was to describe histopathologically confirmed NME in dog breeds in which the condition has not been reported previously and to provide preliminary evidence that NME affects a wider spectrum of dog breeds than previously reported.

Animals

Four dogs with NME.

Methods

Archives from 3 institutions and from 1 author''s (BS) collection were reviewed to identify histopathologically confirmed cases of NME in breeds in which the disease has not been reported previously. Age, sex, breed, survival from onset of clinical signs, and histopathologic findings were evaluated.

Results

Necrotizing meningoencephalitis was identified in 4 small dog breeds (Papillon, Shih Tzu, Coton de Tulear, and Brussels Griffon). Median age at clinical evaluation was 2.5 years. Histopathologic abnormalities included 2 or more of the following: lymphoplasmacytic or histiocytic meningoencephalitis or encephalitis, moderate‐to‐severe cerebrocortical necrosis, variable involvement of other anatomic locations within the brain (cerebellum, brainstem), and absence of detectable infectious agents.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Until now, NME has only been described in 5 small dog breeds. We document an additional 4 small breeds previously not shown to develop NME. Our cases further illustrate that NME is not a breed‐restricted disorder and should be considered in the differential diagnosis for dogs with signalment and clinical signs consistent with inflammatory brain disease.     

犬睾丸精原细胞癌一例的诊疗

介绍了1例老龄犬睾丸精原细胞癌的诊断和手术治疗.通过临床症状检查、B超检查、电解质检测、血常规检查、生化检查和肿瘤组织病理检查,确诊为睾丸精原细胞癌,运用手术方法摘除瘤体后,3个月后回访该犬正常生存,饮食正常,体重增加.     

Equine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis: A Case Report and Review

A 15 year-old Thoroughbred mare was examined for lethargy, fever, and inappetence of 1-day duration. A hard-bodied tick was removed from the horse. A complete blood count (CBC) demonstrated leukopenia with lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia. Morulae were visualized in circulating granulocytes. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the identity of these organisms as Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The horse was treated symptomatically for fever and inappetence with flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg [0.5 mg/lb]) and oral electrolyte paste. Oxytetracycline (6.6 mg/kg [3 mg/lb] intravenously every 24 hours) treatment was begun as soon as a definitive diagnosis was determined. The mare responded to treatment, but she was switched to oral doxycycline (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb] every 12 hours) after 5 days because of perivascular swelling at the injection site. Complete resolution of clinical signs was seen. There was no evidence of recurrence 1 year later. No additional horses at the farm were affected. The horse in this report presented for lethargy, inappetence, and fever, with limited other abnormalities. This represents a classical presentation of a mild to moderate case of anaplasmosis, which had not previously been reported in Virginia. The disease may be more widespread than has been previously reported, and it should warrant inclusion on a complete differential diagnosis list in a case of fever of unknown origin.     

一宗运输不当引起狗只死亡的报导

2000年12月12日,我站联合检疫处的检疫员在市场检疫巡查时发现,某动物综合批发市场内一肉犬经营档,在卸货时发现大批肉犬死亡,当即对该档的犬只实施隔离,并将情况报告上级部门.同时组织有关人员进行全场消毒,清查死亡原因,依照<动物防疫法>及有关法规对该档进行封存留验,没收死亡的犬只,并及时组织军区医学研究所动物研究室及广州市兽医防疫站的高级兽医师到现场解剖,采样作实验室检验.结果一致认为是一宗运输不当而引起的死亡.具体的调查情况如下:     

Vascular Ring Anomalies: Case Report and Brief Review

During early fetal life six pair of aortic arches surround the esophagus and trachea. Normal maturation and selective regression of these structures form the adult vasculature. Abnormal location or development of the aortic arches may result in pressure on adjacent organs.Vascular ring anomalies must be considered with any patient with a history of regurgitating food shortly after eating. Physical examination, test feedings, survey and contrast radiographs may give an accurate impression of the problem but a final diagnosis can only be made following surgical exploration. In the case presented, the dog had all the clinical and diagnostic signs suggestive of a vascular ring anomaly. Thoracotomy and elimination of the vascular constriction around the esophagus was both diagnostic and therapeutic for the condition. It is important that owners be made aware that surgical correction of the stenosis does not guarantee a successful conclusion to the case. If the dilation of the esophagus cranial to the stenosis is severe, accumulation of food with subsequent regurgitation may persist. A dilation of the esophagus caudal to the stenosis is present in a large percentage of cases and this also may result in an unrelenting problem. Unfortunately, the probability of these complications cannot be accurately evaluated prior to treatment.The hereditary potential for this defect must also be considered. Congenital vascular anomalies such as patent ductus arteriosus would seem to have a hereditary basis. Therefore, it is probably correct to advise against breeding affected animals. Further, the inbreeding of nonaffected animals which come from litters containing affected animals should be avoided.