旱地甘蔗三高栽培综合技术探讨

大田栽培条件下,在影响甘蔗生长的因素中, 人们对自然因素的影响还不可能有效地加以控制, 但可以通过调节栽培技术措施,避开不利自然因素的影响,尽可能地满足甘蔗生长对自然因素的要求。本文通过分析影响旱地甘蔗生长的自然因素,利用单项技术措施的互补综合效应,形成了一套旱地甘蔗高产高糖高效综合栽培技术。经大面积生产示范结果表明:平均单产达87 .6t/hm2 ,投入产出比1∶3 .6,实现了旱地甘蔗“三高”栽培的目的。     

旱地甘蔗植沟深松试验总结

为了进一步验证植沟深松在旱地甘蔗生产上的应用效果和技术，实现旱地甘蔗高产高糖栽培目的，特进行了此项试验。现将试验。情况及调查结果汇报如下。     

雷州半岛旱地甘蔗抗旱增产综合技术

雷州半岛旱地甘蔗生态系统面临土壤退化，水分失调的严峻挑战，因此，改善生态环境，减少水分蒸发、渗漏、流失，提高水分利用是实现旱地甘蔗高产的中心环节。1改革栽培制度，减少干旱威协雷州半岛春旱严重，有“十年九旱”之称，甘蔗发芽率低，因此，必须改革栽培制度，发挥旱地蔗秋、冬植的优势。2蓄水保墒抗旱（1）改牛耕为机耕，机耕深度达25～35cm，使降水渗入土壤底层，提高抗旱能力。一般可增产10～13％；（2）覆盖保墒，旱地蔗区用地膜覆盖使地面蒸发水分上下循环，做到“少水高效”，甘蔗种植后，用蔗叶，稻草等覆盖蔗行间，土壤水…     

国内外甘蔗生产技术现状和展望

综述了国内外甘蔗机械化生产、甘蔗育种、健康种苗的利用现状和研究进展,介绍了水田甘蔗高产高糖栽培技术、旱地甘蔗节水抗旱栽培技术、蔗田覆盖技术、甘蔗间套作技术的研究和应用现状,同时还涉及了甘蔗栽培管理研究的一些新技术和新动向.     

旱地甘蔗连作30年稳产高产的经验

果化镇地处平果县西南部，土地干旱贫瘠，长年种植甘蔗，通过精心耕作，科学管理，使连作30年连年获得稳产高产，积累了旱地大面积甘蔗高产高糖栽培经险，是一个值得借鉴推广的例子。本文就此对其生产经验作全面分析总结，并就旱地连作低产低糖蔗地的改造进行探讨，以实现甘蔗高产高糖生产目标。     

旱地甘蔗深沟板土镇压栽培试验研究

为了进一步贯彻落实“全国旱地甘蔗高产、高糖栽培技术”项目，我们于１９９３－１９９４年开展了旱地甘蔗深沟、板土、镇压的抗旱保水栽培试验研究。据昌宁县两年的试验研究结果，新植蔗每公顷增产２１－２２．２吨，宿根蔗增１０．４６吨，增糖０．５％。此项栽培技术具有抗旱、保水、延长宿根年限、提高甘蔗的产量和含糖量的明显效果，是适合云南旱地甘蔗推广的一项高产、高糖重要栽培技术措施。     

丘陵旱地甘蔗高产栽培模式研究

丘陵旱地甘蔗高产栽培模式研究陈茂山，黄德发，郑亚宗（漳州市芗城区石亭镇农技站３６３００２）石亭镇地处漳州芗城北郊，全镇共有丘陵旱地三万多亩，年生产甘蔗占漳州糖厂蔗源总量的３０％左右．我们于１９９２—１９９４年连续三年进行丘陵旱地甘蔗亩产５００—６００...     

旱地甘蔗植沟深松试验总结

为了进一步验证植沟深松在旱地甘蔗生产上的应用效果和技术,实现旱地甘蔗高产高糖栽培目的,特进行了此项试验。现将试验情况及调查结果汇报如下:1 试验方法及过程 试验采用的耕作机械为上海—50轮式拖拉机,悬挂华农83旱地深松犁,按植蔗沟     

寒冷蔗区制约春植甘蔗高产的瓶颈因子及对策

限制寒冷蔗区春植甘蔗高产的诸多因子中，因缺苗断垄造成甘蔗基本苗不足是甘蔗减产的主要因素。蔗区的耕作习惯、施肥水平、品种结构、栽培模式等都通过影响甘蔗的产量构成（有效茎数和单茎重）而影响甘蔗高产。本文就多年来的甘蔗栽培过程中，对制约我区甘蔗高产的瓶颈因子及采取的对策进行了探讨。     

澜沧县糖料甘蔗高产创建活动的做法与成效

全面总结了澜沧县两年来旱地甘蔗高产创建活动的主要做法和取得的成效,提出今后发展甘蔗高产创建的建议,为云南省各项目区开展高产创建活动提供参考。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。     

中耕方式对土壤理化特性及玉米生长发育影响研究Ⅰ.中耕方式对玉米生长发育的影响

2002～2003年在0～3次中耕条件下研究了中耕方式对玉米生长发育和产量形成的影响。结果表明,多次中耕增大了玉米倒伏率,降低了玉米最大叶面积指数、株高及各时期叶片叶绿素含量,对花粒期玉米净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率也产生一定的负面影响。少中耕有增产的趋势,并且可以降低生产成本、增加经济效益。     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。     

Size and frequency of occurrence of pre-roost gatherings of starlings

One hundred and fifty-six pre-roost gatherings of starlings were observed at 28 sites around a roost in west Norfolk during winter. Pre-roost gatherings occurred more frequently at individual farmyards compared with individual fields, but 82% of the sites where gatherings occurred were on fields. The size of gatherings was greater, the closer to the roost. Birds in pre-roost gatherings on fields of autumn-sown winter wheat spent most of the time feeding and had a diet composed almost exclusively of wheat seeds. Birds in gatherings on grass fields also fed intensively whereas only 31% of birds at farmyards were feeding. The implications that these results have with regard to potential damage to fields of winter wheat and around farmyards are discussed.     

12份白花泡桐材料亲缘关系的ISSR分析

以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象,采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究,并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带,其中有37条多态带,多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果,在遗传距离为0.35时,12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类,第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体;第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体;第3类为浙江、广东种源个体;第4类为江西、福建种源个体;第5类为广西种源个体。此结果     

论长白山人参主要品种类型栽种方式及其商品分类

本文论述了长白山人参主要品种类型的栽种方式、总结其规范化种植的工艺流程、对各人参品种类型栽种方式、技术要点、品种退化的主要原因及其解决措施作了详细的研讨。强调指出人参的各种栽种方式必须实施GAP标准化管理才是最好的栽种方式。重点报告了人参主产区,最新最好的栽种方式。并对人参商品分类及野山参分等质量标准中的野山参、移山参的定义提出修改意见,为提高我国人参产品质量在国际市场上的竞争能力,保持人参产业可持续发展提供科学依据。     

Mechanism of action of insecticidal secondary metabolites of plant origin

Insect pest management is facing the economic and ecological challenge worldwide due to the human and environmental hazards caused by majority of the synthetic pesticide chemicals. Identification of novel effective insecticidal compounds is essential to combat increasing resistance rates. Botanicals containing active insecticidal phytochemicals appear to be promising to address some of these problems. Therefore, there is a continuous need to explore new active molecules with different mechanisms of action. Secondary metabolites present in plants apparently function as defense (toxic), which inhibits reproduction and other processes. The phytochemical biomolecules could be used for maximizing the effectiveness and specificity in future insecticide design with specific or multiple target sites, while ensuring the economic and ecological sustainability. In this article, the current state of knowledge on phytochemical sources and insecticidal activity, their mechanism of action in insects, resistance, and promising advances made in phytochemical research are reviewed.     

蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因表达模式分析及敲除载体构建

为深入研究昆虫病原真菌蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的功能,根据蝉拟青霉基因组信息克隆疏水蛋白PChyd基因,对该基因序列进行生物信息学分析,使用qRT-PCR技术对其在不同培养条件或阶段下的表达模式进行分析,并通过酶切酶连的方法构建了该基因的敲除载体。结果表明：PChyd基因的开放阅读框序列全长303 bp,编码100 aa,包含22 aa的信号肽序列和70 aa疏水蛋白功能区域。系统发育分析显示该基因与粗糙虫草菌亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果显示PChyd基因在PDA培养的菌丝体、诱导的附着胞、诱导的芽生孢子中表达量显著高于另外2个样品,其中芽生孢子表达量最高,暗示该基因在蝉拟青霉侵染初期和在昆虫血腔中定殖阶段可能具有重要作用。凝胶电泳结果表明,成功构建了该基因的敲除载体,扩增出含有上臂、HPH、下臂的3356 bp左右的片段。本研究为进一步探究蝉拟青霉疏水蛋白PChyd基因的致病机理、生防工程菌的改造奠定了基础。