Effect of different management practices on water quality of intensive tilapia culture systems in Israel

Commercial intensive aquaculture systems werebuilt and are managed in a somewhat differentway in each farm. To evaluate the effects ofseveral management procedures on water qualityin intensive fish ponds, data from severallocations, times and culture conditions indifferent farms were collected and are hereinanalyzed through multivariate statistics.Water quality in the intensive ponds depends onthe water entering, the biological processeswithin, and the water leaving the ponds. Areservoir used as source and sink water supplied theintensive ponds with higher organic loadingthan clear source waters, and its phytoplanktoncontent affected nitrogen cycling within theintensive ponds. The systems with a reservoirhad better water quality in the intensive pondsthan those with only clean source water.Within the ponds (1) compared to paddle-wheelaeration, aeration by pure oxygen increasedoxygen concentration, improved nitrificationand promoted decomposition that reduced organicloading. (2) In concrete ponds accumulation oforganic matter and development of anerobicconditions on the pond bottom was higher thanin the slippery plastic-covered ponds. (3) Allintensive ponds provided good growthconditions, tilapia biomass having relativelysmall influence on water quality. Only inpaddle-wheel aerated ponds did increased tilapiabiomass increased inorganic nitrogen compoundsand soluble phosphorus through excretion, andreduce organic nitrogen through a moreefficient removal of food particles.Water leaving the ponds removes matteraffecting water quality within the pond. (1)Draining sediments accumulated on the bottomavoided development of anaerobic conditionswhere denitrification and phosphorus liberationcan occur. (2) Water exchange removed particleswith nitrifying bacteria and algae that absorbnutrients. A high water exchange rate may havea negative effect from the water quality pointof view and from the extra costs incurred inenergy and feeds washed out.The processes described occur simultaneouslythroughout the culture period and shape waterquality dynamics in the ponds. This researchcontributed to the understanding of howmanagement procedures affect the differentphases of water quality dynamics in real-scaletilapia commercial intensive systems.     

两种碳源对草鱼养殖水质、藻类和微生物群落的影响

为研究淀粉及其与乙酸钠的复合物(淀粉乙酸钠质量比为19∶1)两种碳源对草鱼养殖水体水质、藻类和微生物群落调控作用的差异,在为期60 d的试验中,每周向养殖水体添加一次碳源,添加量为当日水体氨氮含量的20倍,监测分析水体理化指标、藻类和微生物群落参数。结果显示:(1)试验期内,淀粉组(GS)和淀粉乙酸钠组(GSA)养殖水体氨氮保持在0.25 mg/L左右,总氮、总磷和叶绿素a均逐步升高,而透明度和碳氮比逐步下降,同次样品两试验组间水体理化指标差异不显著。(2)试验期内,GS组和GSA组藻类数量逐步上升,中后期显著高于前期,同次样品两试验组间藻类数量差异不显著,但GSA组藻类种类数和多样性稍高于GS组。(3)GS组微生物活性、碳源利用能力同比略高于GSA组,且微生物群落多样性在试验末期差异显著。结果表明,淀粉碳源中复合少量乙酸钠可改变藻类和微生物结构功能,可作为池塘养殖水体藻类和微生物群落结构功能定向调控碳源。     

光合细菌对罗非鱼鱼苗养殖水质及抗病力的影响

向罗非鱼鱼苗的养殖水体中投入光合细菌,研究不同浓度光合细菌对罗非鱼鱼苗养殖水体水质和鱼苗免疫力、成活率的影响.结果表明,水体中引入光合细菌浓度为4.5×102～4.5×106 cfu/mL时,各试验组的氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮含量都显著低于对照组(P<0.05);当浓度为4.5×104 cfu/mL时,罗非鱼鱼苗的抗病力增强,表现在鱼苗体内的组织过氧化物酶(POD)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、溶菌酶(LSZ)和抗菌活力都显著高于对照组(P<0.05),罗非鱼鱼苗的存活率也提高了6.67%.适宜浓度的光合细菌,能有效改善鱼苗养殖水体的水质,提高鱼苗免疫力和成活率.     

南美白对虾养殖技术之六南美白对虾养殖中后期水质管理技术

南美白对虾经过一段时间的养殖,大部分虾体规格已达体长5cm～9cm,有的个体差不多可以起捕.养殖中后期,因为残饵、虾体排泄物的积累,池塘中可能孳生了大量弧菌和寄生虫,水环境对南美白对虾的生长较为不利;同时,又正值高温天气,南美白对虾生长迅速,池内养殖密度增大而极易造成水质恶化,并诱发病害,引起南美白对虾缺氧浮头甚至死亡.为了确保南美白对虾健康生长,需要加强水质管理,使其安全度夏.     

Screening tilapia for culture in sea water in Kuwait

Abstract. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential for culturing tilapia in tanks and raceways with flowing sea water (39-41 ppt salinity) in Kuwait. In the first and third experiments, fingerling tilapia were grown for 7 to 8 months under ambient conditions. In the second experiment, larger (50-100g initial weight) male tilapia were grown for 6 months. Growth and mortality rates were determined.
Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner) grew the slowest and survived poorly. O. spilurus (Günther) and O. aureus × O. spilurus hybrids had the best survival and moderate growth rates. A red tilapia from Taiwan grew the fastest but had high mortality rates during winter. O. spilurus and the hybrid were best suited for seawater culture under ambient conditions in Kuwait.     

对虾海水高密度养殖后期水质因子的昼夜变化规律

2008年7月5～6日,对广东汕尾红海湾对虾养殖场养殖87～88d的海水高密度半封闭养殖虾池水质进行每4h监测分析,旨在了解养殖后期昼夜水质变化状况,为合理和即时调控养殖后期水质提供相关理论数据。结果显示,24h内水质指标除化学需氧量（COD）和无机氮（DIN）基本稳定外,其他因子均有较大波动。其中氨氮（NH4＋-N）在3：00达到高峰,5：00落至低谷,9：00又达到高峰;亚硝酸盐氮（NO2--N）的变化却相反,在3：00落至低谷,5：00达到高峰,9：00又落至低谷;pH和溶解氧（DO）均在5：00降至最低,13：00上升到最高。结果表明,3：00～9：00是虾池水质变动的关键时期,应留意水质变化,适时采取合理增氧措施并投洒相应水质调节剂以提高ρ（DO）,减少NH4＋-N和NO2--N产生及降低其毒性。     

包膜硫酸钠/过氧化氢/氯化钠加合物对尼罗罗非鱼养殖水体的改善效果

选取经食盐水浸浴10 d后平均体重为40 g左右的健康尼罗罗非鱼,随机分成两组,一组为对照组.另一组为试验组,每组设3个重复,每个重复30尾,饲养于水族箱中.试验组按3 g/m3水的添加量投放包膜硫酸钠/过氧化氢/氯化钠加合物,每2 d投放1次,试验期20 d,试验期间不换水,24 h增氧,每天两次投饵,不捞残饵,研究包膜硫酸钠/过氧化氢/氯化钠加合物对尼罗罗非鱼养殖水体的改善效果.结果表明,(1)试验组和对照组水体的溶氧和pH值没有明显的差异;试验组和对照组氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和COD浓度均随着试验时间的延长而升高,相同时间点试验组水体氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和COD浓度均低于对照组,其中氨氮在第12、15和20天达到显著水平(P＜0.05),亚硝酸盐氮和COD在第9、12、15和20天达到显著水平(P＜0.05);(2)与对照组相比,试验组养殖水体细菌数量显著降低(P＜0.05);(3)与对照组相比,试验组尼罗罗非鱼日增重、特定生长率和存活率分别提高40%(P＜0.05)、40.9%(P＜0.05)和14.2%(P＜0.05),饵料系数降低12.3%(P＜0.05).     

Effect of initial age variation on production of Florida red tilapia fry under intensive, brackishwater tank culture

Abstract. Growth and survival were compared among uniform- and mixed-age groups of Florida red tilapia fry during sex reversal in brackishwater (12ppt) tanks, under commercial-scale hatchery conditions. Three treatment groups of post-yolksac (i.e. free-swimming) stage fry of different age compositions were compared: (1) 100% fry collected at the free-swimming stage (FSF); (2) 100% fry obtained through artificial incubation of eggs and non-swimming sacfry (ENS); and (3) a mixed group consisting of 50% of each type (FSF+ENS). Fry were stocked into 530–1 cylindroconical tanks at a density of seven fish/l (3700/tank) and reared on an androgen-treated diet for 30 days. While specific growth rates (range = 17·1–17·8% body weight/day) did not differ (P > 0·05) among treatments, significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed for survival and feed conversion ratio (FCR). ENS showed highest survival (76·8%) and lowest FCR (1·14), FSF showed intermediate survival (59·2%) and FCR(l·33), while the mixed-age group (FSF+ENS) showed lowest survival (38·5%) and highest FCR (1·70). Under all treatments, a majority of fry losses were attributed to cannibalism. A highly significant ( P < 0·001) negative regression between survival and coefficient of variation of initial weights (CV = SD/) indicated that cannibalism was reduced by minimizing age/size variation at stocking. The CV of initial weight may be a useful parameter for predicting fry survival under intensive tank culture.     

循环水及生物絮团系统对大规格罗非鱼种生长及水质的影响

为比较越冬期循环水系统(RAS)与生物絮团系统(BFT)两种模式下大规格罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)鱼种的生长性能与养殖水质的差异。选择RAS组与BFT组,进行为期67 d的养殖,测定养殖过程中罗非鱼种的生长情况以及水质的变化情况。结果显示,RAS组与BFT组增重率和特定增长率分别为(870.69±33.25)%、(3.39±0.05)%/d和(659.47±62.84)%、(3.02±0.13)%/d,RAS组显著高于BFT组;在水质控制方面,RAS组氨氮和亚硝酸盐从养殖初期到实验结束均维持在较低水平,而BFT组在初期氨氮和亚硝酸盐有升高的趋势,峰值分别达到了(4.53±0.72)mg/L和(6.68±1.8)mg/L,分别在第3天和第6天下降到较低水平,硝酸盐两组均呈现不断积累的趋势。结果表明,RAS系统养殖罗非鱼生长速度要高于BFT系统,RAS系统在水质控制方面略优于BFT系统。     

南美白对虾半咸水精养高产试验

<正> 为了探索我市南美白对虾高产养殖的路子,我们今年在黄骅市搞了2hm~2南美白对虾半咸水精养高产试验。现将有关试验的情况总结如下:1 场地条件 试验地点:黄骅市羊二庄乡刘洪博村,试验池一个,面积2hm~2,水深1.5m。配3kw叶     

以色列红罗非鱼海水养殖技术初探

罗非鱼是世界上养殖较普遍的鱼类之一 ,具有生长速度快、耐低氧、耐粗饲、易繁殖、耐盐性强等优点 ,但是 ,真正适宜于海水养殖且具有较高经济价值的品种却很少。 2 0 0 1年 9月我们从以色列引进红罗非鱼后 ,在中捷水产良种场进行了耐盐性研究、海淡水养殖生长比较、海水养殖试验等一系列工作 ,发现该鱼在盐度为 2 5‰以上的海水中繁殖会受到抑制 ,且生长速度明显优于淡水 ,是一个适合海水养殖的优良品种 ,2 0 0 3年已应用到生产中 ,并进行了示范和推广。1　生物学特性以色列红罗非鱼是罗非鱼中的一个杂交变异种 ,体色有粉红、红色、粉底红花…     

循环水养殖罗非鱼氮收支及对水质影响的初步研究

为提供实际生产理论依据,改良系统水处理工艺,开展循环水养殖系统中吉富罗非鱼氮收支和对水质情况的初步研究。起始养殖密度8 kg/m3,投饲率2%,系统循环量1 m3/h,总水量0.8 m3。试验期间溶解氧大于6 mg/L,pH 7.0～7.2,水温23～25℃。每周监测水质2～3次,监测指标包括氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮、硝酸盐氮,每2周检测1次水中总氮。用凯氏定氮法测定实验前后饲料、试验鱼体、粪便、悬浮颗粒的氮含量。结果显示,摄食氮有50.00±1.50%转化为生长氮,32.61±1.38%转化为排泄氮,17.39±4.0%转化为粪氮;58%的粪氮为悬浮颗粒物,42%为可沉淀颗粒物。     

Water quality dynamics and shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production in intensive, mesohaline culture systems with two levels of biofloc management

A dense microbial community develops in the water column of intensive, minimal-exchange production systems and is responsible for nutrient cycling. A portion of the microbial community is associated with biofloc particles, and some control over the concentration of these particles has been shown to provide production benefits. To help refine the required degree of control, this study evaluated the effects of two levels of biofloc management on water quality and shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) production in commercial-scale culture systems. Eight, 50 m³ raceways were randomly assigned to one of two treatments: T-LS (treatment-low solids) and T-HS (treatment-high solids), each with four replicate raceways. Settling chambers adjacent to the T-LS raceways had a volume of 1700 L with a flow rate of 20 L min⁻¹. The T-HS raceways had 760 L settling chambers with a flow rate of 10 L min⁻¹. Raceways were stocked with 250 shrimp m⁻³, with a mean individual weight of 0.72 g, and shrimp were grown for thirteen weeks. Raceways in the T-LS treatment had significantly reduced total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, and turbidity compared to the T-HS treatment (P ≤ 0.003). The T-LS raceways also had significantly lower nitrite and nitrate concentrations, and the T-HS raceways had significantly lower ammonia and phosphate concentrations (P ≤ 0.021). With the exception of nitrate, there were no significant differences between the change in concentration of water quality parameters entering and exiting the settling chambers in the T-LS versus the T-HS treatment. Nitrate never accumulated appreciably in the T-LS raceways, possibly due to denitrification in the settling chambers, bacterial substrate limitations in the raceways, or algal nitrate assimilation. However, in the T-HS raceways nitrate did accumulate. The T-HS settling chambers returned a significantly lower nitrate concentration and significantly greater alkalinity concentration than what entered them (P ≤ 0.005), indicating that denitrification may have occurred in those chambers. There were no significant differences in shrimp survival, feed conversion ratio, or final biomass between the two treatments. However, shrimp in the T-LS treatment grew at a significantly greater rate (1.7 g wk⁻¹ vs. 1.3 g wk⁻¹) and reached a significantly greater final weight (22.1 g vs. 17.8 g) than shrimp in the T-HS treatment (P ≤ 0.020). The results of this study demonstrate engineering and management decisions that can have important implications for both water quality and shrimp production in intensive, minimal-exchange culture systems.     

速冻温度对罗非鱼片品质的影响

通过测定不同冷冻方式冻罗非鱼片的理化指标,试图找到最优处理方式,并为冻罗非鱼片工厂化生产提供参考。通过设置双螺旋冷冻机不同的冷冻温度(-35℃、-38℃、-41℃、)冻结新鲜罗非鱼片,将冻结后的鱼片置于-18℃的冷库贮藏,每隔7 d对鱼片样品的pH、水分活度(Aw)、质构参数、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)等物理及化学指标进行检测并分析结果。数据表明,冷冻温度对鱼片色差值、失水率、硬度有较大影响,且冷冻温度越低,鱼片品质越好,对咀嚼性、弹性、TVB-N影响不大,对pH则无明显影响。综上,在现有加工工艺的冷冻温度波动范围内,选择较低冷冻温度,提高冻结速率可延缓冻罗非鱼片品质劣变速度,故建议企业加工时,将冷冻温度控制在-40℃,冷冻时间控制在40 min以尽可能保持鱼片品质。     

琼胶寡糖对冻虾仁和罗非鱼片品质的影响

以干耗率、解冻流失率、蒸煮流失率、质构特性、盐溶性蛋白质量分数和钙激活三磷酸腺苷（Ca2＋-ATP）酶活力为指标,研究了琼胶寡糖对虾仁和罗非鱼片在冻藏过程中品质的影响,同时对以海藻糖、水溶液浸泡处理的样品进行了比较。结果显示,经琼胶寡糖和海藻糖处理后的虾仁和罗非鱼片在冻藏过程中的干耗率、解冻流失率和蒸煮流失率均显著低于蒸馏水组和空白对照组（P〈0．05）;质构特性（硬度、胶黏性、凝聚性、弹性、咀嚼性和破断力）均优于蒸馏水和空白对照组;盐溶性蛋白质量分数和Ca2＋-ATP酶活力均高于蒸馏水和空白对照组;经琼胶寡糖处理后的样品指标略优于海藻糖组。这表明琼胶寡糖能显著提高冷冻虾仁和罗非鱼片的品质,在冷冻水产品的保水、抗冻等方面具有一定的应用前景。     

地下井水集约化养殖金鳟试验

金鳟作为一种新兴的名贵养殖品种,逐步受到人们的关注,本试验采取利用地下井水,室内工厂化高密度养殖的方式进行养殖,经过近8个月的时间,在480 m2的养殖池塘中,共生产成鱼16 t,平均规格达到357.4 g/尾,成活率为90%,获取了良好的经济效益,为金鳟的高密度养殖探讨了一条新路。     

3种不同斑点叉尾(鮰)养殖模式的水质比较分析(下)

4.高锰酸钾指数 监测期间,1#塘的高锰酸钾指数最高值为16.02毫克/升,最低值为6.11毫克/升,均值为(11.68±1.19)毫克/升;2#塘的高锰酸钾指数范围6.45?13.70毫克/升,均值为(10.93±0.94)毫克/升;5#塘的高锰酸钾指数介于6.15?10.20毫克/升,均值为(8.33±1.79)毫...     

3种不同斑点叉尾(鮰)养殖模式的水质比较分析(上)

斑点叉尾(鮰)既适宜传统池塘精养,又可以大水面池塘混养,还可以进行网箱和池塘工业化循环流水养殖,且市场前景广阔,养殖技术成熟,养殖利润稳定.截至2020年,江苏省(鮰)鱼池塘精养面积约6 245公顷,池塘工业化系统水槽养殖面积约86 650米2,斑点叉尾(鮰)养殖己成为江苏省调整渔业产业结构,促进渔民增收增效的有效途径...     

网箱养殖彩虹鲷的技术要点

彩虹鲷又称红罗非鱼、红吴郭鱼,系鲈形目,鲡鱼科,为尼罗罗非鱼和莫桑比克罗非鱼突变型的杂交良种,具有食性广、生长快、抗病力强、耐低氧等诸多优点.利用水库网箱养殖彩虹鲷,可以优化养殖结构,提高水体生产效率.通过近几年的养殖试验表明,要实现彩虹鲷水库网箱养殖高产高效,必须把握以下技术要点：     

芽孢杆菌对草鱼养殖水质的影响

为研究芽孢杆菌对草鱼养殖水质的影响,选取体重约45g的草鱼210尾,随机分为2组,每组设3个平行重复.对照组在水中不添加任何菌,处理组每隔7d分别向水中按照1×108 cfu/m3添加芽孢杆菌菌粉,二组均饲喂基础日粮.草鱼养殖水体水质测定结果表明:与对照组相比,第28天处理组氨氮含量比对照组下降29.17％(P＜0.05).亚硝酸盐氮含量无显著性差异且在0.39 mg/L以下.第14天时,处理组硝酸盐氮含量比对照组降低60.26％( P＜0.01),在第21天和第28天分别比对照组提高26.98％(P＜0.05)和67.85％(P＜0.01).处理组的总无机氮含量在21d内无显著差异,第28天时下降了15.39％(P＞0.05).养殖水体pH值维持在6.8～7.6,各组之间无显著差异.养殖水体中添加芽孢杆菌可降低氨氮含量,改善养殖水体水质.