巴本,内巴本母猪分别与苏白,长白杂交的繁殖性能测定

对以苏白，长白公猪分别配巴本，内巴本母猪两个杂交组合的母猪繁殖性能及仔猪生产表现进行了测定，结果，窝产仔数，苏白×巴本为１１．７８±２．５１（头），长白×内巴本为１２．２７±２．６９（头）（Ｐ〉０．０５）；窝产活仔数，苏白×巴本为１０．１７±１．８９（头）长白×内巴本为１１．８２±２．４０（头）（Ｐ〈０．０５）；初生重，苏巴本仔猪为１．２１±０．２８（ｋｇ），长内巴本仔猪为１．２５±０．２５（ｋｇ     

猪细小病毒灭活苗对阳性后备母猪免疫效果观察

选用猪细小病毒灭活苗对４１窝阳性后备母猪进行免疫注射，与４１窝未免疫组进行对比试验，结果，窝均产仔数增加０．４４头，窝均死仔减少０．６６头，窝均活仔数增加１．１头，产活仔率提高７％。表明猪细小病毒灭活苗对预防猪细小病毒引起的繁殖障碍效果良好。     

贵州关岭猪的纯种选育研究进展

关岭猪的纯种选育，于１９９１年引种，饲养观察及选种选配，１９９３年选留组建核心群，各面经济技术指标均达到和超过选育目标。零世代经产线猪活产仔数１０．０７±２．３９头，初生个体重０．７７±０．０４ｋｇ，２０日龄窝重３０．７８±１０．８０ｋｇ，断奶仔猪数８．５５±１．３２头，断奶个体重１１．１３±０．３８ｋｇ。     

农养仔猪早期阉割效果试验

选用苏白经产母猪和本地经产母猪所产的仔猪各１０窝，按２８日龄、６０日龄阉割，分别随机分为Ａ１，Ａ２、Ｂ１，Ｂ２四组，仔猪饲养至７５日龄，测定早期阉割对农养仔猪生产性能的影响。结果Ａ１、Ｂ１组７５日龄体重分别比Ａ２，Ｂ２组提高３２．０％、２６．０％（均Ｐ〈０．０５），头均毛利比增６２．０％和５５．４％。     

不同断奶日龄对断奶仔猪生长发育的影响

选择杜长大杂交仔猪８窝共７２头，均分为两组，每组４窝３６头。试１组采用２８日龄断奶，试２组采用３５日龄断奶，试期２２ ２１日至６０日龄。结果：在试验期内，试１组仔猪腹泻１６２头次，死亡５头，６０日龄平均窝重１２４．０ｋｇ，个体重１６．０ｋｇ，２１～６０日龄采食量４２７．５ｇ／头，料重比１．８３：１；试２组仔猪腹泻１０６头次，死亡０头，６０日龄平均窝重１３２．１ｋｇ。俱本重１４．７ｋｇ，２１～６０日     

母猪高效预混合饲料中试报告

该试验旨在验证１９９６年的小试结果，试验设两个组；试验组饲喂４９２５／４９２６预混料，共１８８头母猪，对照组馈喂３８６４预混料，共２２０头猪。试验在母猪胎次、饲养管理条件基本相似，公、母猪品种基础饲粮完全相同的条件下进行，其试验结果：窝产仔数、窝产活仔数、活仔窝重，试验组较对照组分别提高０．４５头、０．６２头、０３９ｋｇ；断奶窝仔数、断奶窝重、断奶个体重，试验组较对照组分别提高０．４头、６．０ｋｇ     

黔东花猪改良代母猪在农村推广的繁殖效果

用太湖猪为父本对我省黔东花猪进行级进杂交，其后代商品猪生产母本，经２－４胎繁殖性能调查结果，杂交１代母猪在多项指标上极显著高于花猎，其中以级进２代经产母猪繁殖成绩较好，窝产活仔数１３．４±３．３５头，初生窝重１２．４７２．１１ｋｇ，双月育成数１１．５±２．７６头，双月窝重１１９．０６±２７．０３ｋｇ，较经产花猪均有极显著提高。     

皖北母猪生产性能调查报告

对９２１１头皖北母猪和２８５４头杂种母猪窝均产仔，胎次，６０日龄断奶窝重、年均产仔窝数进行了调查。经统计分析，皖北母猪窝均产活仔８．９６头，与杂种母猪窝均产活仔９．２１头差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）；一，三级皖北母猪６０日龄断奶窝重与杂种母猪差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１），二级之间差异显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。皖北母猪保留了原阜阳猪优秀的种质特性，体型外貌一致遗传性稳定，杂种优势明显，初步形成了体长系和快长     

皮杜--长大杂交组合猪的生产性能对比试验

本试验分别选用皮杜杂交公猪、杜洛克公猪与长大母猪杂交，测定其生产性能及胴体品质。结果表明，皮杜长大组窝产活仔数11.1头，21日龄育成数10．3头，优于杜长大组。皮杜长大与杜长大猪肥育期日增重分别为743g和728g，料肉比分别为2.83和2．89，结果相近，皮杜长大略好。皮杜长大的胴体瘦肉率达到66．6％，比杜长大高出近6个百分点。     

三江白猪在新疆的生产性能与杂交效果

对三江白猪进行纯繁及杂交，研究结果表明，其初产母猪和经产母猪产活仔猪数分别为（１１．００±１．９０）头和（１３．１８±０．７０）头。６０日龄育成仔猪分别为（９．６０±２．６０）和（１１．９５±０．５０）头。三江白猪育肥平均日增重（６４２±６１）ｇ，胴体瘦肉率为（５８．５８±１．６２）％，料肉比为３．０４；１。     

基于主成分分析的精料、构树和全株玉米青贮的组合效应评价

本试验旨在利用主成分分析评价精料、构树和全株玉米青贮以不同比例组合后的组合效应，筛选最佳组合比例。试验设计3个精粗比(40∶60，50∶50，60∶40)，15种日粮组合比例，利用体外模拟瘤胃发酵测定15个组合的瘤胃发酵指标，通过主成分分析法对其进行综合评价。精粗比40∶60时，40∶60∶0和40∶45∶15组的氨态氮(NH₃-N)含量较高；精粗比50∶50时，50∶0∶50，50∶12.5∶37.5和50∶25∶25组的72 h产气量(GP₇₂)较高(P>0.05)，50∶25∶25组的NH₃-N含量最高；精粗比60∶40时，60∶10∶30组的乙酸(AA)、丙酸(PA)和总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。精料∶构树∶全株玉米青贮比例为60∶10∶30，综合主成分值最大。在本试验条件下，日粮中添加构树可以改善肉牛体外瘤胃发酵性能，当精料∶构树∶全株玉米青贮比例为60∶10∶30时，组合效果最佳。     

不同精粗比下柚子皮与苜蓿配比对绵羊饲粮组合效应影响

为了探讨不同精粗比(concentrate:roughage, C:R)下柚子皮与苜蓿配比对绵羊饲粮组合效应的影响,采用体外产气法测定。C:R在20:80下,柚子皮:苜蓿为80:0,70:10,60:20,50:30,40:40,30:50,20:60,10:70,0:80组合;C:R在30:70下,柚子皮:苜蓿为70:0,60:10,50:20,40:30,30:40,20:50,10:60,0:70组合;C:R在 40:60下,柚子皮:苜蓿为60:0,50:10,40:20,30:30,20:40,10:50,0:60组合。24组饲粮组合及3种单独原料分别测定培养2,4,6,9,12,24,36,48,72,96 h内的产气量,并通过24 h产气量(GP_{24 h})和加权估算值计算出各组合的组合效应值(AE)。结果表明:与精料补充料和苜蓿相比,柚子皮的NDF含量较低,产气参数较高。C:R为20:80时,各组AE均为负值,80:0组显著大于0:80组(P<0.05);C:R为30:70时,各组AE无显著差异(P>0.05),30:40、10:60组AE分别为14.74%和3.61%,30:40组AE较好,其他组为负值;C:R为40:60时,0:60组AE极显著大于60:0组(P<0.01),显著大于30:30组(P<0.05),10:50组有大于60:0组的趋势(P=0.079),即0:60、10:50、20:40组AE较大。因此要获得高的AE,高精料(C:R为40:60)时,使用低比例柚子皮(0、10、20);中等精料(C:R为30:70)时,使用中等比例柚子皮(30);低精料时(C:R 20:80)使用高比例柚子皮(80)。     

谷草与苜蓿的不同配比对绵羊日粮组合效应的影响

为了探讨不同精粗比下谷草与苜蓿配比对绵羊日粮组合效应的影响,本试验以谷草与苜蓿为粗饲料,采用体外产气法测定精粗比为40：60时,谷草：苜蓿为60：0、50：10、40：20、30：30、20：40、10：50及0：60,精粗比为30：70时,谷草：苜蓿为70：0、60：10、50：20、40：30、30：40、20：50、10：60及0：70的15组日粮及谷草、苜蓿和精料补充料分别培养2、4、6、9、12、24、36、48、72、96 h的产气量（GP）,并通过24 h产气量（GP_{24 h}）及其加权估算值计算出各日粮的组合效应值（AE）。结果表明：①精粗比为40：60时,比较各组GP_{24 h},50：10组极显著大于10：50组（P<0.01）;40：20、60：10组显著大于10：50组（P<0.05）;各组AE值均为正值,但组间无显著差异（P>0.05）;50：10的GP_{24 h}、b、a+b均为最大,其AE最优。②精粗比为30：70时,比较各组GP_{24 h},50：20、60：10、70：0组显著大于0：70组（P<0.05）,40：30、20：50组有大于0：70组的趋势（P=0.063,P=0.064）;各组AE值无显著差异（P>0.05）;40：30组的GP_{24 h}、b、a+b均较大,其AE最优,其次是20：50、10：60组。综合以上结果,谷草与苜蓿配比为50：10（精粗比为40：60）和40：30、20：50、10：60（精粗比为30：70）时,可以获得较高的AE。     

Evaluation of Associative Effects of Alfalfa Meal and Ammoniated Corn Straw by Gas Production Technique in vitro

This experiment was conducted to determine the best roughage combination of alfalfa meal (AM) and ammoniated corn straw (ACS),so as to improve the efficiency of roughage utilization and reduce the cost of feeding. The AM was mixed with ACS in the proportion of 100:0,80:20,60:40,50:50,40:60,20:80 and 0:100 with 3 replicates per group. The accumulated gas production (GP) at fermentation for 3,6,12,24,48 h,and the changes of pH,dry matter disappearance rate (DMD),ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) concentration, microbial protein (MCP) and volatile fat acids (VFA) concentration,and their single factor associative effects index (SFAEI) and multiply factors associative effects index (MFAEI) were determined by gas production technique in vitro after fermentation for 48 h. The results showed as follows:The accumulated gas production of AM20:ACS80 group was higher than that of the other groups,and the DMD of AM0:ACS100 group was significantly lower than other groups (P<0.05).The NH₃-N concentration of AM20:ACS80 and AM0:ACS100 groups was significantly higher than the other groups (P<0.05).The MCP concentration was highest in AM20:ACS80 group,and the concentration of acetic acid and TVFA in AM20:ACS80 group was the highest (P<0.05),and the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio in all groups was more than 3,which indicating that it belonged to the acetic acid fermentation type.The pH during the fermentation ranged from 6.69 to 6.85.The results of MFAEI and SFAEI of each combination indicated that only the AM20:ACS80 group showed the positive associative effects. In conclusion,the 20:80 combination ratio for AM and ACS showed the best associative effects.     

利用体外产气法评定不同比例氨化秸秆替代苜蓿的组合效应

试验旨在研究苜蓿（alfalfa meal,AM）和氨化秸秆（ammoniated corn straw,ACS）的最佳组合比例,以提高粗饲料的利用率并降低饲养成本。将AM与ACS分别以100：0、80：20、60：40、50：50、40：60、20：80和0：100比例进行混合,每种组合3个重复,利用体外产气法评定不同组合发酵3、6、12、24、48 h的累积产气量（GP）,及发酵48 h时发酵液pH、干物质降解率（DMD）、氨态氮（NH₃-N）、微生物蛋白（MCP）和挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）浓度,进而计算不同组合的单项组合效应指数（SFAEI）和多项组合效应指数（MFAEI）。结果显示,发酵48 h时,AM20：ACS80组的累积产气量最高;而AM0：ACS100组的DMD显著低于其余各组（P<0.05）;AM20：ACS80组和AM0：ACS100组的NH₃-N浓度显著高于其他组（P<0.05）;AM20：ACS80组MCP浓度最高;AM20：ACS80组的乙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸（TVFA）浓度显著高于其他组（P<0.05）,各组乙酸/丙酸的比值均大于3,属于乙酸发酵型;发酵期间各组pH的变化范围为6.69~6.85。以MFAEI和SFAEI对各项指标进行评定时,仅有AM20：ACS80组出现正组合效应。由此可见,AM和ACS的比例为20：80时组合效应最佳。     

Effect of Different Alfalfa and Rice Straw Proportion on Associative Effects of Sheep's Diets

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the proportion of alfalfa and rice straw on associative effects (AE) of diets in vitro. Rice straw:alfalfa were 60:0, 50:10, 40:20, 30:30, 20:40,10:50,0:60 when concentrate-roughage ratio (C:R) was 40:60, and rice straw:alfalfa were 70:0, 60:10,50:20, 40:30,30:40,20:50,10:60,0:70 when C:R was 30:70. Gas production (GP) was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h. The AE was defined as the difference between the observed in vitro GP_{24 h} and the predicted value from individual feed fermented alone. The results showed as follows:① GP_{24 h} of the group 50:10 was extremely significantly greater than the group 10:50 (P<0.01), and GP_{24 h} of the groups 40:20 and 60:0 were significantly greater than the groups 10:50 (P<0.05) when C:R was 40:60. The AE of all groups were positive and there were no significant difference among them (P>0.05). When C:R was 40:60, the GP_{24 h},b,a+b of group 50:10 were the greatest and it's AE was the best.②GP_{24 h} of the groups 60:10, 70:0 and 50:20 were significantly greater than the group of 0:70 (P<0.05) and groups 40:30 and 20:50 were greater than the group 0:70 (P=0.063, P=0.064) when C:R was 30:70. The AE of all groups had no significant difference (P>0.05). When C:R was 30:70, the GP_{24 h},b,a+b of group 40:30 was the greatest and it's AE was the best, followed by the groups 20:50 and 10:60. It is concluded that the AE of the groups of 50:10 (C:R was 40:60), 40:30, 20:50 and 10:60 (C:R was 30:70) were greater.     

高寒藏区巴青1号青稞开花习性的研究

研究表明:巴青1号青稞在青海高寒地区种植,大部分在抽穗之后开花,小花开放顺序通常由中部向上下两端开放,单个花序开花持续时间为5~8d,群体开花时间可达到10d。一日开花高峰在上午09~11时和下午13~15时。青稞开花的适宜温度为17.2℃~22.6℃,相对湿度55%~65%,结实率为85.7%。     

Effect of Different Concentrate-roughage Ratios on Rumen Degradability of Cassava Stems and Leaves Total Mixed Ration in Goat

The rumen degradations of TMR were studied in this experiment,in which cassava stems and leaves were used as roughage and formulated with concentrate in different proportions.The purpose of this study was to formulate the available TMR for finishing goat,and provide a theoretical basis for the applications of cassava stems and leaves in goat production.Six Hainan Black goats with permanent rumen fistulas were selected,the rumen degradabilities of DM,CP,NDF and ADF of TMR with 6 different concentrate to forage ratio（2:8,3:7,4:6,5:5,6:4 and 7:3）were tested using nylon bag method.The results showed that,the DM effective degradabilities at the ratio of 4:6,5:5,6:4,7:3 were significantly higher than that of 2:8 and 3:7（P<0.05).CP effective degradabilities at the ratio of 2:8,3:7,4:6 were significantly higher than that of 5:5,6:4 and 7:3（P<0.05).The NDF effective degradation at the ratio of 5:5 was significantly higher than that in the other groups（P<0.05).The ADF degradation at the ratio of 3:7 was significantly higher than that of 4:6,5:5, 6:4 and 7:3（P<0.05).The results indicated that,the nutrient degradation in rumen were higher when the concentrate to forage（cassava stems and leaves）ratio in TMR were 3:7,4:6 and 5:5,and the recommended ratio range were 4:6 to 5:5 in production practice.     

中兽药乌梅颗粒质量标准的研究

为了建立乌梅颗粒的质量标准,采用薄层色谱法(TLC)对乌梅、黄连进行鉴别;用高效液相色谱法测定乌梅颗粒中枸橼酸的含量。色谱条件为Silgreen C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相为乙腈-0.5%磷酸二氢铵溶液(3∶97)(用磷酸调节p H值至3.0);检测波长为210 nm;流速为0.6 m L/min;柱温为室温。研究建立了乌梅、黄连的薄层色谱定性鉴别的方法;建立了HPLC测定乌梅颗粒中枸橼酸含量的方法。建立的乌梅颗粒鉴别及枸橼酸含量测定方法简单、易于操作、准确度高、重现性好,可用于乌梅颗粒的质量控制。     

不同精粗比对木薯茎叶型全混合日粮山羊瘤胃降解率的影响

本试验研究了以木薯茎叶为粗料、不同精粗比全混合日粮（TMR）养分在山羊瘤胃中的降解率,旨在为木薯茎叶在羊生产中的应用提供试验依据。选用6只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的海南黑山羊作为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法评定6种不同精粗比（2∶8、3∶7、4∶6、5∶5、6∶4和7∶3）的TMR中干物质（DM）、粗蛋白质（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）的瘤胃降解率。结果表明,精粗比为4∶6、5∶5、6∶4、7∶3时的DM有效降解率均显著高于精粗比为2∶8、3∶7时的DM有效降解率（P<0.05）;精粗比为2∶8、3∶7、4∶6的CP有效降解率显著高于精粗比例为5∶5、6∶4、7∶3的CP有效降解率（P<0.05）;精粗比为5∶5时的NDF有效降解率显著高于其他各组（P<0.05）;精粗比为3∶7时的ADF有效降解率显著高于精粗比为4∶6、5∶5、6∶4和7∶3时的ADF有效降解率（P<0.05）。本试验中,精饲料与木薯茎叶比例为3∶7、4∶6和5∶5的全混合日粮养分有较高的瘤胃有效降解率,实际生产中建议使用精粗比4∶6~5∶5范围的TMR。