家庭宠物犬的保健

随着我国经济的迅猛发展，人们的思想观念加以转变，宠物犬已成为许多家庭不可缺少的亲密伙伴，并且大部分宠物犬驻进的是高收入家庭，如果宠物犬经常生病，会给主人带来很多麻烦，影响主人的正常生活。笔者根据门诊常见病例，就宠物犬的保健问题总结如下。     

Preliminary evaluation of a quality-of-life screening programme for pet dogs

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate a potential screening programme that would raise awareness of welfare consideration of pet dogs visiting a veterinary practice. METHODS: The questionnaire asked owners to provide biographical information about their dog, assess the resources they provided their dog (comfort, exercise, diet, mental stimulation and companionship) from the perspective of their dog's wellbeing and choice, score a range of behavioural and medical signs on visual analogue scale, rate how willing they would be to take on the life of their dog on a visual analogue scale and suggest changes that would improve the quality of life of their dog. RESULTS: Twenty-seven owners completed the questionnaire on consecutive days. There was good correlation for all the parameters between the two days (P<0.05). Of the 16 expected correlations to test internal consistency, nine were significant (P<0.05). Twenty-six per cent of owners scored in the top 10 mm of the visual analogue scale for being willing to "take on the life their dog was living". More exercise was the most commonly suggested change to improve quality of life (14 owners). CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The questionnaire was found to be repeatable, feasible and to have good internal consistency and validity, making it suitable for use in veterinary practice to assess welfare.     

Development of a questionnaire assessing health-related quality-of-life in dogs and cats with cancer

Health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL) has been studied extensively in human medicine. There is currently no standard HRQoL evaluation for veterinary oncology patients. The aim of this study was to assess the practicality, usefulness and robustness, from a pet owner and clinician perspective, of a questionnaire for the assessment of HRQoL in canine and feline cancer patients. A HRQoL assessment entitled 'Cancer Treatment Form' and two questionnaires entitled 'Owner Minitest' and 'Clinician Minitest' were designed. The first and second were completed by owners of patients presenting to a veterinary oncology referral service and the third by attending clinicians. The 'Cancer Treatment Form' was well received by owners and clinicians and provided a valuable assessment of HRQoL with 98% (82/84) of owners reporting an accurate reflection of their pet's quality-of-life. Following this, minor improvements to the form could be suggested prior to regular use in evaluation of clinical oncology patients.     

Development and evaluation of a questionnaire for assessing health-related quality of life in dogs with cardiac disease

OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate a questionnaire (functional evaluation of cardiac health [FETCH] questionnaire) for assessing health-related quality of life in dogs with cardiac disease. DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: 360 dogs with cardiac disease PROCEDURE: The questionnaire was developed on the basis of widely accepted clinical signs of cardiac disease in dogs. A FETCH score was calculated by summing responses to questionnaire items; possible scores ranged from 0 to 85. For questionnaire validation, owners of 60 dogs were asked to complete the questionnaire and provide an overall assessment of their dogs' quality of life (16 owners completed the questionnaire twice). Disease severity was assessed with the International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council (ISACHC) classification for cardiac disease. Following validation, the final questionnaire was administered to owners of the remaining 300 dogs. RESULTS: Internal consistency of the questionnaire was good, and the FETCH score was significantly correlated with the owner-reported quality-of-life score and with ISACHC classification. For owners that completed the questionnaire twice, scores were significantly correlated. During the second phase of the study, the FETCH score ranged from 0 to 70 (median, 7) and was significantly correlated with ISACHC classification, but did not vary significantly with underlying disease. For dogs examined twice, the change in FETCH score was significantly greater for dogs in which ISACHC classification improved than for dogs in which ISACHC classification was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that the FETCH questionnaire is a valid and reliable method for assessing health-related quality of life in dogs with cardiac disease.     

Nitrite poisoning in cats and dogs fed a commercial pet food

The death of three cats, from two separate households, was linked to toxic concentrations of sodium nitriterused as a preservative, in a commercial pet food. Post-mortem examination of the three cats revealed a brownish discoloration of the blood suggestive of methaemoglobinaemia. Analysis of two samples of the pet food fed to the cats revealed a mean concentration of 2850 mg of total nitrite per kg of food (as fed). In a further incident, ataxia and weakness was noticed in two of four dogs after they were fed the same brand of pet food. One dog was successfully treated for methaemoglobinaemia with intravenous methylene blue.     

Nitrite poisoning in cats and dogs fed a commercial pet food

The death of three cats, from two separate households, was linked to toxic concentrations of sodium nitrite used as a preservative in a commercial pet food. Post-mortem examination of the three cats revealed a brownish discoloration of the blood suggestive of methaemoglobinaemia. Analysis of two samples of the pet food fed to the cats revealed a mean concentration of 2850 mg of total nitrite per kg of food (as fed). In a further incident, ataxia and weakness was noticed in two of four dogs after they were fed the same brand of pet food. One dog was successfully treated for methaemoglobinaemia with intravenous methylene blue.     

Selecting pet dogs on the basis of cluster analysis of breed behavior profiles and gender

Using a computer-generated data base of rankings of 56 breeds of dogs on 13 behavioral traits, a factor analysis was performed to determine the extent to which a few general underlying behavioral tendencies are manifested in specific characteristics. Three factors, referred to as reactivity, aggression, and trainability, accounted for 81% of the variance in the 13 behavioral traits. Subsequently, a cluster analysis was performed to generate 7 clusters of dog breeds on the basis of similarity in scores for each of the 3 main factors. The clusters reflected to some degree the conventional groupings of dogs into working, sporting, hound, and terrier breeds. A quantitative analysis of the ranking of male dogs vs female dogs for the 13 characteristics revealed that males differed from females on 10 traits. It was concluded that these gender and cluster profiles will allow people to select a breed or gender of dog that is most likely to match the emotional and physical needs of the person who will provide a home for the pet.     

Development and validation of the maximal electro-shock seizure model in dogs

The development and validation of the maximal electro-shock (MES) model using phenobarbital (Pb) as the positive control is described. This approach builds on previous work in rodent model systems, and has been adapted to dogs as a tool for pharmaceutical dose selection. Dogs, like rodents, exhibit generalized convulsions which manifest as progressive clinical signs in a dose (electrical current) dependent fashion. At the limit (300 mA, 200 msec) animals underwent clonic-tonic convulsions consistent with complete generalized (Grand Mal) seizures with a grade 3 clinical score (CS) and a menace response time of 98.5 +/- 24.4 sec (n = 8). Pretreatment of animals with Pb at 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg, in a 4-by-4 complete block crossover design (Latin-Square), resulted in a dose-dependant reduction in CS and menace response time. Estimates of plasma Pb concentration taken prior to MES induction showed a similar dose-dependent reduction in CS and menace response time with concentration. Using a cumulative logistic regression model, a predicted 50% probability of a CS = 1 was approximately 11.4 mg/kg. In addition, plasma Pb concentrations predicted a 50% probability of a CS = 1 occurs at plasma Pb concentration of approximately 16.0 mug/mL. Combined these data suggest that MES is a useful model for evaluating generalized convulsions in canines and may provide a tool for dose selection of novel pharmaceutical compounds.     

碘伏对观赏犬子宫炎的治疗

子宫内膜炎是观赏犬生殖系统的常见病 ,也是观赏犬繁殖障碍的重要原因。用碘伏治疗 ,具有操作简便、疗效确实、无其他并发症等许多优点。1　临床诊断　从病犬阴门排出灰黄色或红褐色或灰白色脓性分泌物 ,具有臭味。阴门稍肿大、松弛 ,病犬爱用舌舔。体温有时 40℃以上 ,精神不振 ,喜卧 ,频频排尿 ,但每次排尿少。食欲减退或拒食 ,常常转为慢性经过。2　阴道检查　阴道内有不洁分泌物、异臭。子宫颈口充血、肿胀、松弛、开张 ,并可见有分泌物从中流入阴道内。3　腹壁触诊　可感子宫缺乏弹性 ,子宫壁增厚 ,当子宫腔有炎性分泌物蓄积时 ,则有波…     

Development and validation of a radioimmunoassay for the measurement of canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity in serum of dogs

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for measuring canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI) in serum obtained from dogs. SAMPLE POPULATION: Serum samples from 47 healthy dogs. PROCEDURES: Canine pancreatic lipase (cPL) was purified from pancreatic specimens of dogs. Antibodies against cPL were raised in rabbits and purified by use of affinity chromatography. A tracer was produced by iodination of cPL with 125I. An RIA was established and validated by determination of sensitivity, working range, dilutional parallelism, spiking recovery, and intra- and interassay variability. A reference range for cPLI in serum was established by use of the central 95th percentile for samples obtained from 47 healthy dogs. RESULTS: Sensitivity and upper limit of the working range were 0.88 and 863 microg/L, respectively. Observed-to-expected ratios for serial dilutions ranged from 84.9 to 116.5% for 4 samples. Observed-to-expected ratios for spiking recovery ranged from 82.8 to 128.6% for 4 samples. Coefficients of variation for intra-assay variability for 4 serum samples were 18.3, 4.2, 3.5, and 8.9%, whereas interassay coefficients of variation were 29.2, 6.2, 3.9, and 4.4%, respectively. The reference range was 4.4 to 276.1 microg/L. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: We conclude that the RIA described is sensitive, linear, accurate, precise, and reproducible, with limited accuracy in the high end of the working range and limited precision and reproducibility in the low end of the working range. Additional studies are needed to evaluate whether this degree of accuracy, precision, and reproducibility will negatively impact clinical use of this assay.