Effect of temperature and activators on the characteristics of activated carbon fibers prepared from viscose-rayon knitted fabrics

This study used viscose rayon-based knitted fabric, pre-treated by a composite flame retardant, as the precursor. The fabric then underwent oxidation, carbonization and activation in a semi-open high-temperature erect furnace to produce Activated Carbon Fabrics (ACF). The microstructure and chemical properties of the ACF were obtained under carbonization temperatures of 600–1000 °C and by different activation sources. The results showed that the ACF produced was mainly of a microporous structure. When the carbonization temperature was increased, the production rate dropped while both the true density (D_He) and crystallization thickness increased. In addition, ACF prepared using steam, plus water as the activation source, has a larger specific surface area, greater crystallization thickness and a higher true density (D_He).     

A study of hydrophobic electrospun membrane applied in seawater desalination by membrane distillation

In this study, two composite nanofibrous membranes of Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) and [poly(vinylidenefluorideco-hexafluoropropylene)] (PVDF-co-HFP) prepared by the electrospinning process were employed in a direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system. We changed the pump flow rate and temperature difference to examine their effects on permeate flux and salt rejection. The SEM observations, porosity analyzer technique, and contact angle measurement indicated the nanobrous membrane with an average fiber diameter of 170 nm and maximum pore diameter distribution of 0.3 ??m is the best membrane for the DCMD system. However, the ability of the hydrophobic membrane affects the filtration efficiency of the DCMD system. The contact angle of the PVDF-HFP electrospun membrane (128°) shows better hydrophobic than the PVDF electrospun membrane (125 °). From the experiment of 12 hours, the salt rejection of PVDFHFP (99.9901 %) was better than that of PVDF composite membrane (99.9888 %) and was almost the same as that of the PTFE commercial membrane (99.9951 %). In addition, the permeate flux of the PVDF-HFP composite membrane is 4.28 kg/ m²hr higher than the PTFE commercial membrane.     

A study on coarse Hanji yarn manufacturing and properties of the Hanji fabric

Hanji (Korean traditional paper) yarn displays excellent humidity control, air permeability, and absorbency as well as pleasantness to the touch due to its structural characteristics, and thus, it has been developed as a new eco-friendly fibrous materials. In this study, Hanji, having a basis weight of 8 and 10 g/m², was prepared using mulberry fibers. The prepared Hanji was cut into Hanji tape of 5–10 mm in width using a rotary slitter and then the tape was twisted to manufacture Hanji yarn. To ensure a uniform twist of Hanji yarn and a smooth twisting process, a water supply system was designed to provide water directly at the twisting zone. At a fixed spindle speed, the feeding speed of the delivery roller was varied to provide different twist numbers for the Hanji yarn. The Hanji yarn manufactured with water treatment has higher tensile properties and a softer touch than the Hanji yarn prepared without water treatment. The Hanji yarns have count numbers of 7–11 Ne and tensile strengths of 1.0–1.2 gf/d. Moreover, the fabric from Hanji yarn shows an excellent color fastness of 4.0 grade, staining of 4–5 to washing, and 4–5 grade to dry cleaning.     

无公害茶叶生产综合技术

通过对无公害茶叶综合技术的研究,提出了应用与推广的新举措,进一步推动湖北无公害茶叶生产健康发展。并产生了较好的经济、社会、生态效益。     

Effects of carbon nanotubes on morphological structure, thermal and flammability properties of electrospun composite fibers consisting of lauric acid and polyamide 6 as thermal energy storage materials

The ultrafine composite fibers consisting of lauric acid (LA) and polyamide 6 (PA6) as form-stable phase change materials (PCMs), were prepared successfully by electrospinning. The effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the structural morphology, phase change behaviors, thermal stability, flammability and thermal conductivity properties of electrospun LA/PA6 composite fibers was investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) and melting/freezing times measurements, respectively. SEM observations indicated that the LA/PA6 and LA/PA6/CNTs composite fibers possessed flat and ribbon-shaped morphologies, but the neat PA6 fibers had cylindrical shape with smooth surface; and the average fiber diameters for LA/PA6 composite fibers decreased generally with the addition of CNTs. DSC measurements indicated that the heat enthalpies of the composite fibers were lower that that of neat LA powders, while the amounts of CNTs had no appreciable effect on the phase change temperatures and heat enthalpies of the composite fibers. TGA results showed that the addition of CNTs increased the onset thermal degradation temperature, maximum weight loss temperature and charred residue at 700 °C of the composite fibers, attributed to the improved thermal stability properties. It could be found from MCC tests that there were two-step combustion processes for composite fibers, and corresponded respectively to combustion of LA and polymer chains (PA6) in composite fibers. The addition of CNTs reduced the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) of electrospun composite fibers, contributing to the decreased flammability properties. The improved thermal conductivity performances of LA/PA6/CNTs composite fibers was also confirmed by comparing the melting/freezing times of LA/PA6 composite fibers with that of neat LA powders. The results from the SEM observation showed that the composite fibers had no appreciable variations in shape and diameter after heating/cooling processes.     

Comparative study of cellulase treatment on low stress mechanical properties of cotton denim fabric made by torque-free ring spun yarn

Cellulase is useful for bio-polishing cotton fabrics which enhances their aesthetic performance instead of stonewashing process. Torque-free ring spun process is a widely used technique to produce newly low-twist and balanced torque yarns with soft hand. In this paper, denim fabrics woven with torque-free ring spun yarn and conventional ring spun yarn respectively were treated with cellulase under the same condition and their fabric handle, expressed as low stress mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, bending, shearing, compression and surface performance were investigated by Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F). After cellulase treatment, both denim fabrics revealed better flexibility, elasticity recovery, raised shearing stiffness, fluffier and improved smoothness. While torque-free ring spun yarn made denim fabric showed a better fabric handle than conventional ring spun yarn made denim fabric.     

AA级绿色食品花生田除草技术研究

根据AA级绿色食品特点和农时操作的具体要求,1999—2002年对AA级绿色食品花生田除草技术进行了研究,明确了夏播花生田利用覆盖物和不同地膜防除杂草的效果均较好;春播花生田覆盖黑色地膜和无色增温地膜,除草和增产效果显著。花生收获前15d人工揭除地膜,不影响花生产量并可有效减少残膜污染。     

大豆豆腐产量微样品分析及其应用研究

选用９个百粒重不同的大豆品种和１个杂交组合为材料,分析了不同微样 和量相对于常规小样品分析的精确性,探讨了单粒微样品豆腐产量分析的适用性。结果表明,微样品用量大于或等于２粒时可用于估计品种的干豆腐产量;单粒分析说法与常规小样品分析存在系统偏差,但适当增加重复次数仍具有相对比较价值,并可用于豆腐产量的遗传分析,应用微样品１／１０浆液分析对干豆腐产量进行估计时,样品用量宜在６粒以上,微样品部分豆粉分析     

A Comparative study of redox parameters and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of polycarbazole derivatives on carbon fiber microelectrode

In this study, N-Carbazole and its derivatives (N-Vinylcarbazole, N-Ethylcarbazole, N-Vinylbenzylcarbazole, and N-Benzylcarbazole) were electrochemically polymerized on carbon fiber microelectrodes (diameter ∼7 μm) by cyclic voltammetry within a potential range from 0.0 to 1.4 V. Redox parameters, Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images were determined and also capacitance behaviors of polymers were examined via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EIS measurements of polycarbazole derivatives were given comparatively. The existence of a capacitance behavior is shown by Nyquist, Bode magnitude, Bode-phase, Admittance plots relationship. Although the highest low frequency capacitance (C_LF=12901 μA cm⁻²) and maximum phase angle of 81.9 ° at a frequency of 1 Hz were obtained for N-Vinylbenzylcarbazole, the lowest anodic and cathodic potential difference (ΔE=0.04 V) and double layer capacitance (C _dl =0.11 μA cm⁻²) were indicated in 0.1 M LiClO₄/PC.     

A study on subjective assessment of knit fabric by ANFIS

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the structural properties of plain knit fabrics on the subjective perception of textures, sensibilities, and preference among consumers. This study, then, aimed to provide useful information with respect to planning and designing knitted fabrics by predicting the subjective characteristics analyzed according to their structural properties. For this purpose, we employed statistical analysis tools, such as factor and regression analysis and an adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system(ANFIS), thereby combining the merits of fuzzy and neural networks and presupposing a non-linear relationship. Through factor analysis, we also categorized the subjective textures into ‘roughness’, ‘softness’, ‘bulkiness’ and ‘stretch-ability’ with R2=70.32 %: and categorized the sensibilities into ‘Stable/Neat’, ‘Natural/Comfortable’ and ‘Feminine/Elegant’ with R2=68.12 %. We analyzed subjective textures, sensibilities, and preference with ANFIS, assuming non-linear relationships; consequently, we were able to generate three or four fuzzy rules using wool/rayon fiber content and loop length as input data. The textures of roughness and softness exhibited a linear relationship, but other subjective characteristics demonstrated a non-linear input-output relationship. Compared with linear regression analysis, the ANFIS exhibited had higher predictive power with respect to predicting subjective characteristics.     

Highly porous three-dimensional poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microfibrous scaffold prepared by electrospinning method: A comparison study with other PLGA type scaffolds on its biological evaluation

In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microfibrous scaffold with high porosity (ca. 90 % porosity) was developed for evaluating its performance in tissue engineering application. A dope solution of PLGA/polyethylene oxide (PEO) blend was electrospun into a methanol coagulation bath for fabricating highly porous 3D PLGA scaffold and a salt leaching method was used for making interconnected pores of 100?C200 ??m size inside the scaffold. The morphological structure, pore size and porosity of the microfibrous scaffold were determined, and compared with twodimensional (2D) mat-type and 3D sponge-type of PLGA scaffold. Also, swelling ratio, water uptake and compressive strength were compared in order to elucidate the structure-property relationships of different types of the scaffolds, especially in a wet condition. As a result of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, normal human dermal fibroblasts (nHDF) were migrated, attached, and proliferated well inside the 3D scaffold. MTT assay confirmed that the highly porous 3D PLGA microfibrous scaffold had superior cell adhesion and proliferation abilities due to fibrous structure of large specific surface area, and interconnected pore structure. Therefore, this high performance 3D PLGA scaffold can have a high potentiality for application in tissue engineering in comparison with conventional PLGA scaffolds.     

麦套花生优化施肥研究

采用三因素二次饱和Ｄ—最优设计,建立了麦套花生Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ施肥与花生产量间的数学模型。由模型可得：（１）Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ三种肥料对麦套花生产量作用显著,且互作间存在较大的交互效应,因此,Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ需配合使用。（２）公顷产量４５００～５２５０ｋｇ的优化施肥方案为：每公顷施Ｎ１０９．５～１４７ｋｇ,Ｐ２Ｏ５１３３．５～１８６ｋｇ,Ｋ２Ｏ２４３～３４８ｋｇ;最优组合为：每公顷施Ｎ１３９．６ｋｇ,Ｐ２Ｏ５１７４．３ｋｇ和Ｋ２Ｏ３２３．３ｋｇ,最高产量可达５２６０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２。     

基于CBERS卫星遥感的冬小麦产量估测研究

对冬小麦产量进行遥感监测预报,有利于农业管理部门及时获取冬小麦区域产量信息,便于其制定有效的栽培管理措施,达到增产的目的。中巴资源卫星（CBERS-02）CCD影像具有较高的空间分辨率和较丰富的光谱信息,对植被及作物长势信息具有较强的探测能力。以江苏省泰兴市为例,进行了基于CBERS-02卫星遥感和小麦估产模型的冬小麦产量监测预报研究。在利用计算机分类结合人机交互式判读解译的基础上,结合GPS样点信息校验,进行冬小麦种植面积提取;利用影像提取的冬小麦NDVI数据,反演叶面积指数、生物量信息等,结合冬小麦估产模型,计算单点产量信息。经过线性转换,对整个区域的冬小麦产量进行分级监测预报,叠加样点的产量信息检验,最终制作了区域的冬小麦产量分级专题图。结果表明,冬小麦种植面积解译精度在90%以上,分级估产精度达到85%以上。中巴资源卫星影像数据基本能满足冬小麦长势监测和产量预报的需要,可以在实际农业生产中推广应用。     

A study of physical modification on grey cotton by laser irradiation

The surface morphology of the CO₂ laser treated grey cotton fabrics was studied which showed a characteristics sponge-like structure on cotton fibres after treating with CO₂ laser irradiation. The laser treatment parameters ranging from 100 to 150 pixel time and 40 to 70 dot per inch (dpi) were irradiated on the grey cotton fabrics directly and the degree of physical modifications, such as surface morphology, wettability and fabric strength, were changed accordingly with various laser treatment parameters. The surface morphology, wettability and tensile strength of cotton fibre treating with laser were evaluated using different instruments, such as Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), contact angle meter and tensile strength machine. In spite of creating a sponge-like structure on fibre surface after treating with laser, the wettability of the samples was highly improved but the tensile strength was decreased.     

腐殖酸茶叶专用肥研究初探

通过对腐殖酸茶叶专用肥、硫酸钾茶叶专用肥、尿素三种肥料在茶园中的施用效果进行比较研究 ,结果表明施用腐殖酸茶叶专用肥的茶叶品质优于硫酸钾茶叶专用肥和尿素 ,茶叶产量差异不显著     

两种喷雾方法对茶棍蓟马防治效果的研究

比较了静电喷雾和常规喷雾技术对茶园茶棍蓟马防治的效果。结果表明,以2000倍吡蚜酮水溶液喷雾,静电喷雾的单位面积药剂用量比常规喷雾减少32．7％,用药7天后的防治效果提高18．8％;而且吡蚜酮在茶叶的残留量为0．010mg/kg,约为常规喷雾的1／8。     

茶园养鸡生态循环农业发展模式研究

本文研究探讨了茶园养鸡对茶叶生产和经济效益的影响。收到的主要效果是:控制害虫和杂草、培肥土壤、降低农残、综合效益提高。文中提出了茶园养鸡的技术要点。     

"香山早"茶树品系的DNA指纹鉴定研究

应用DNA指纹分析技术对三门“香山早”3个不同茶树品系与本省5个主要的特早生茶树品种进行遗传鉴定。19个引物RAPD分析共扩增出126条谱带589个位点,其中多态性占78％。DNA指纹分析表明,“香山早1号”和“香山早2号”属于同一遗传类型;供试比较的5个特早生品种与该3个品系是不同的遗传类型。     

加入WTO后浙江茶业发展对策研究

在调查浙江茶叶生产、出口现状的基础上,分析了浙江茶叶的发展优势与制约因素,阐述了加入WTO对浙江茶叶发展的正负面影响,提出了实施科教兴茶、发展名牌产品、实行产业化经营、全面提高茶叶质量、加快茶叶综合利用、强化行业管理、提高综合竞争力等应变对策.     

BuchiB—811与YG—2含油量测定的比较

采用BuchiB-811脂肪测定仪与YG－2脂肪抽提器比较分析油菜、大豆、花生等油料种子含油量的测试差异，结果表明BuchiB-811与YG－2测定的油料种子含油量一致，符合国家标准方法的要求，测试简便，快速准确。