2. Deposition of 14C label into breast and heart muscles responded positively to dietary lysine concentration. There was no apparent relationship between dietary lysine intake and deposition of label into carbon dioxide or excreta.
3. Efficiency of lysine retention, above maintenance, was estimated to be 0.523 ± 0.034.
4. Turkeys exhibited variable metabolic efficiency in the use of lysine as indicated by loss of U‐14C‐lysine label to expired carbon dioxide and to excreta by individual turkeys. 相似文献
Background
The ACTH stimulation test is currently required for definitive diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism. Increased cost of synthetic ACTH (cosyntropin) has prompted a search for alternative diagnostic methods.Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine whether a cortisol‐to‐ACTH ratio (CAR) can be used to differentiate dogs with hypoadrenocorticism from normal dogs and those with nonadrenal illness.Animals
Eight healthy dogs (H), 19 dogs with nonadrenal illness (NAI), and 15 dogs with hypoadrenocorticism (HAD).Methods
Dogs in the HAD group were retrospectively identified from PUVTH medical records. The NAI group consisted of hospitalized dogs with clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, or both, consistent with a diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism, but in which hypoadrenocorticism was ruled out based on ACTH stimulation test results. Healthy dogs were recruited from hospital staff and students. Endogenous ACTH concentrations and cortisol concentrations before and after ACTH stimulation were measured in all dogs.Results
Baseline cortisol concentration was significantly lower, and ACTH concentration was significantly higher, in the HAD group versus the H and NAI group (P < .001). However, there was overlap among groups. Cortisol‐to‐ACTH ratio was significantly lower in the HAD group versus the H and NAI groups (P < .001), and there was no overlap between the HAD group and the other 2 groups.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
CAR can be used for definitive diagnosis of primary hypoadrenocorticism. 相似文献2. The relationships between incidence of down‐grading and age, body weight, sex, size of rearing site and its distance from the processing plant, and various weather conditions during the rearing period of each flock were examined using regression analysis.
3. Age and body weight and rearing site size were the only factors significantly correlated with amount of blistering. 相似文献
2. Irrespective of age, reserpinised chicks became hyperglycaemic and hypocholesteraemic, their stores of adrenal cholesterol were depleted and the mobilisation of the lipid was impaired. The response of the older bird was quantitatively larger than that of the younger bird.
3. Propranolol prevented the increase in plasma glucose concentration seen 1 h after reserpine but it did not affect subsequent changes.
4. It is concluded that reserpine acts as a stressor and it is shown that its effects have not been entirely overcome after 24 h. 相似文献
2. Changes in plasma cholesterol were equivocal, though there was perhaps a trend towards hypercholesteraemia.
3. Birds became hypoglycaemic within an hour but were hyper‐glycaemic between 2 and 4 h. At 24 h they were normoglycaemic.
4. Plasma corticosterone was increased markedly at 1 h but was decreased compared with the control at 2 h (P<0.01). Thereafter the concentration was in the normal range.
5. There was an enhanced hyperlipacidaemia in the treated birds after 1 h.
6. Adrenal cholesterol stores were decreased by 10% at 4 h but were unaffected at all other times.
7. Colonic temperature decreased by 1–6 °C after 2 h but was normal by4h.
8. It is concluded that propranolol has mild stressor activity which is lost within 24 h. 相似文献
2. Crambe meals were prepared to differ in E‐PG (19, 36 and 40 g/kg) and CHB contents (0.1, 0.7 and 1.9 g/kg), and with either active or inactive thioglucosidase.
3. Meals were fed to 7‐d‐old broiler chicks at 50 or 100 g/kg of the diet for 12 or 13 d. In separate studies, isolated E‐PG or CHB were mixed into the diet or administered by gavage to 7‐d‐old broiler chicks in amounts equivalent to 50 or 100 g/kg crambe meal diets for 10 and 12 d, respectively.
4. Weight gain decreased (P<0.05) in chicks fed on the high glucosinolate crambe diets or isolated E‐PG. Food consumption decreased (P<0.05) in chicks fed on the diet containing the high E‐PG meal with active enzyme.
5. Mild liver lesions and increased serum aspartate aminotransferase were found in chicks fed on the diet containing the high glucosinolate meal with active enzyme. Other organs, including thyroids, were normal.
6. Commercially‐processed crambe meal appeared safe at an inclusion rate of 50 or 100 g/kg diet, but could not be recommended at this point for long term feeding. 相似文献
The results indicate that with certain breeds the dietary protein levels can be lowered to approximately 16% during the o to 8‐week period and to approximately 12% during the 8 to 20‐week period without adversely affecting egg production. However, variations in the laying performance of the different breeds appear to be dependent on the amount of protein fed in the first eight weeks of life. Significant breed effects were observed throughout the experiment and although restricted feeding during the laying period substantially reduced the food intake it also had a detrimental effect on the rate of egg production and on the total weight of eggs produced. 相似文献
Background
Canine cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) is an uncommon disease for which efficacious therapies are lacking. The novel anticancer nucleotide prodrug VDC‐1101 (formerly known as GS‐9219) has shown efficacy in dogs with multicentric lymphoma. One of the observed adverse effects with this drug was a skin change characterized by hair loss, erythema, and pruritus, implying delivery of VDC‐1101 to the skin.Hypothesis/Objectives
The primary study objective was to identify the objective response rate (ORR) to VDC‐1101 in canine CTCL; secondary objectives included characterization of progression‐free survival (PFS) and adverse events (AEs).Animals
Twelve dogs with chemotherapy‐naïve or relapsed, histologically and immunohistochemically confirmed CTCL.Methods
Dogs received VDC‐1101 as a 30‐minute IV infusion once every 21 days. Prednisone (1 mg/kg PO q48h) was administered concurrently.Results
In 11 evaluable patients, responses included 1 complete response (CR), 4 partial responses (PR), 2 stable disease (SD), and 4 progressive disease for an ORR of 45% and biologic response rate (CR/PR/SD) of 64%. The median PFS was 37.5 days (26 to >399 days), which includes 1 durable and ongoing CR (>1 year). Gastrointestinal and hematologic AEs were mild; no dogs developed grade 3 or 4 AEs. Three dogs developed dermatopathies and 1 of these dogs was removed from the study as a result of this AE.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
VDC‐1101 has activity against canine CTCL and could provide another treatment option in a disease process with a poor prognosis. 相似文献2. In order to evaluate the role of type X collagen cross‐linking on eggshell formation, hens were injected with different doses of β‐aminoproprionitrile, which specifically interferes with cross‐link formation.
3. Changes in egg size and shape were observed. Scanning electron micrographs analysis of these eggs demonstrated marked changes in crystal growth and shell membrane structure and arrangement. A dot‐blot analysis, using a monoclonal antibody against chicken type X collagen, shows a dose‐dependent increase in shell membrane collagen extractability.
4. It is concluded that the formation of β‐aminoproprionitrile‐sensitive cross‐links among the type X collagen molecules of the shell membranes play an essential role in normal eggshell formation. 相似文献
2. Doubling the D3 supplement in the control diet (27.5 μg or 1100 IU/kg) almost linearly increased the circulating concentration of 25‐OH‐D3 without raising the concentration of calcitriol, Ca, or egg SG.
3. Replacing D3 by the optimal concentration of calcitriol (5 μg/kg diet) improved egg SG after 21 weeks of treatment without increasing blood calcitriol or total Ca.
4. By itself, 24,25‐dihydroxycholecalciferol [24,25‐(OH)2D3] was unable to maintain normal blood levels of calcitriol, Ca or egg SG and, when added together with calcitriol in the diet, tended to elevate blood Ca but suppress the beneficial effect of calcitriol on shell quality, with little or no effect on blood calcitriol. 相似文献
2. Age at sexual maturity is available in the part record and hence does not require estimation.
3. Estimators of rate of lay from the part record are considered on the basis of their convenience and efficiency. It is concluded that the most suitable estimator is the number of eggs laid by each hen which has reached sexual maturity and which survives over a standard assay period between the ages of 30 and 40 weeks.
4. Laying‐house mortality and the non‐laying condition may be estimated from the performance of the sibs in these traits in the part record. 相似文献
2. Supplementation of the low‐protein diet with aspartic acid did not affect egg production rate or efficiency.
3. Soyabean meal supplementation of the low‐protein diet increased egg weight significantly whereas aspartic acid did not. 相似文献
2. There were negligible differences in preference between the experimental and reference grilled breast meats.
3. Odour preference differences for thawed, uncooked birds were significant after 1 month of storage at ‐ 12 °C and after 9 months at ‐ 18 °G.
4. In comparison with the reference birds the redness of frozen and thawed birds decreased more regularly during storage at ‐ 12°C than at ‐18 °C.
5. Packaging the birds in Cryovac instead of in polythene resulted, in the raw birds, in a greater difference in surface redness. This redness decreased more rapidly during storage than that of birds packaged in polythene. 相似文献
2. The caeca open ventro‐laterally from the cranial end of the colon. At this level a muscular ring of tissue, formed from the circular muscle of the lamina muscularis of the ileum, projects into the colon lateral to the caecal openings. The location of this muscular ring is discussed in relation to the possible mechanisms of caecal filling.
3. The longitudinal muscle of the lamina muscularis of the caudal region of each caecum is continuous with that of the colon and ileum. The circular muscle of the lamina muscularis of each caecum begins in the muscularis mucosa of the colon at a distance of 1 to 2 mm from the caecal openings. At the level of the caecal openings the musculature is complex, consisting of parts of the lamina muscularis of the colon, caeca and ileum.
4. The openings of the caeca from the colon are narrow and filled with villi. It is suggested that the junction may be involved in filtering material during the filling of the caeca. 相似文献
2. Eighty‐four point six, 69.5 and 31.4% respectively of the food consumed by the birds which received the high‐protein concentrate, protein concentrate or grower diet with wheat consisted of the whole cereal. The corresponding figures for the birds which received barley were 73.9, 41.3 and 10.9% respectively.
3. There were no significant differences in rate of food intake or growth between choice‐fed birds receiving whole wheat and the complete diet‐fed birds with no choice. 相似文献
2. In the first experiment 6 injections of 0.5 nmol[Aspl,Val5]ANG‐II/kg body weight were given.
3. In the second experiment oxytocin (OT) antagonist ([d(GH2)5‐O‐Me‐Tyr2,Thr4,Tyr9,Orn8]VT) at a dose of 2 nmol/kg, was injected for the first 3 and 0.5 nmol ANG‐II/kg for the last 3 injections. Such OT‐antagonist pretreatment completely abolishes the vasodepressor (VDP) response to neurohypophysial pep‐tides in chickens.
4. Injections of ANG‐II resulted in a biphasic effect on BP, an initial brief fall followed by a prolonged rise. During the hypotensive phase, tachycardia developed which turned into bradycardia as the hypertensive phase appeared. No tachyphy‐laxis of the VDP effect of ANG‐II was evident with repeated injections.
5. OT‐antagonist pretreatment had no effect on the VDP response to ANG‐II.
6. These results suggest that, unlike relaxation of chicken aortic ring in in vitro preparations, there is no tachyphylaxis of the VDP response to ANG‐II, in vivo. Furthermore, the neurohypophysial peptides are not involved in the VDP effect of ANG‐II because pretreatment with an OT‐antagonist had no effect on it. The baroreflex buffers the effects of ANG‐II on vascular tone by affecting HR.
7. As ANG‐II is secreted during hypovolaemia, the biphasic haemodynamic response peptides may have a compensatory role following volume contraction. 相似文献
2. The difference between the NPU values, 0.66 for yeast and 0.80 for the soyabean meal and fish meal mixture, could largely be attributed to the high nucleic acid content of the yeast.
3. Chicks given the diet containing yeast (190 g/kg) did not grow as rapidly as those given the soyabean meal and fish meal reference diet, and the reduced growth could only partly be explained by a marginal deficiency of methionine.
4. Food conversion efficiency with the yeast diet was improved by maize oil while responses to α‐tocopheryl acetate and sodium selenite were inconsistent.
5. Chicks grew well when yeast replaced fish meal in the mixture of soyabean meal and fish meal, and when fish meal (194 g/kg diet) was the sole protein supplement. 相似文献