南海北部的对虾

<正> 南海北部的对虾指的是对虾属的种类,这一属的虾个体大、数量多、质量好、经济价值高,是南海北部重要的经济虾类。在1979年到1980年的南海北部近海虾类资源调查中,对虾属占虾类总渔获量的23.21%,仅次于赤虾属和新对虾属,名列第三。南海北部对虾属的种类有下列八种:     

莫氏新对虾的生物学初步研究及人工育苗和过淡饲养试验

<正> 莫氏新对虾 Metapenaeus moyebi(Kishinouve,1896)属于对虾科 Penaeidae、新对是属 Metapenaeus,广泛分布于印度——西太平洋地区,从印度南部、斯里兰卡到日本、澳大利亚均有分布,是我国南海及东海南部习见经济虾类之一,常与其他虾类混同出现。该虾体色浅黄,布有褐色斑点,尾肢末端略带红色,通常雌虾大     

广东大鹏湾虾拖网网囊网目选择性研究

为了分析2种桁杆虾拖网(包括单杆虾拖网和双杆虾拖网)的结构特征、渔获组成及其对渔业资源的影响,2012-2015年于南海北部渔场进行了调查,运用相对重要性指数(IRI)评价渔获组成,统计副渔获物与虾类的产量比,计算主要经济种类的幼体比例。结果表明,单杆虾拖网与双杆虾拖网的桁杆结构存在较大的差异; 单杆虾拖网副渔获与虾类的产量比平均为12.68±14.52;双杆虾拖网副渔获与虾类的产量比平均为1.79±1.02;2种虾拖网虾类优势种为刀额新对虾(Metapenaeus ensis)、周氏新对虾(M.joyneri)、日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)和近缘新对虾(M.affinis); 鱼类优势种为褐斑三线舌鳎(Cynoglossus trigrammus)、多齿蛇鲻(Saurida tumbil)、少鳞

相似文献   

改进南海虾拖网渔具的必要性和现实意义

一、南海虾渔业现状(一)虾类资源。我国南海北部虾类资源丰富,种类繁多,捕捞潜力很大。据南海水产研究所1980～1981年的调查,南海北部海区虾的种类达300种以上,其中最常见的经济价值较高的有34种。近10多年来,南海北部虾类年渔获量处于2万吨左右,仍有一定的捕捞潜力。     

广东大鹏湾虾拖网网囊网目选择性研究

虾拖网渔业是南海海域重要的作业方式之一,但尚未有关该渔业网目尺寸选择性的报道。为评价虾拖网渔具的渔获性能、合理利用虾类资源,在广东大鹏湾进行了网目选择性试验。试验采用双支架虾拖网作为试验网具,并使用套网法估算了网目内径为35、40和45 mm的网囊对主捕虾类的选择性。结果显示,虾类渔获中刀额新对虾、须赤虾、周氏新对虾和日本囊对虾渔获数量较多,比较以往资料,刀额新对虾和周氏新对虾优势体长、平均体长均有所下降,其它2种虾类平均体长未见明显变化;选择性分析结果显示,主捕虾类的L50随网目尺寸线性增大。根据试验结果并结合历史资料,笔者认为现阶段35 mm的网囊网目尺寸对于保护上述4种虾类资源是比较合适的。     

北方地区刀额新对虾养殖生产与管理技术

<正> 刀额新对虾(metapenueusensis)属于对虾科、新对虾属的海产经济虾类。闽南俗称为沙虾,粤桂沿海称之为基围虾。该虾具有杂食性,广温、广盐和生长速度快,抗病害能力强等优点。广泛分布于东南沿海海域。人们根据其生物学特性的研究,通过人为的生物驯化,能     

中国对虾“黄海5号”

<正>一、品种概况(一)培育背景中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)又称中国明对虾、东方对虾,隶属于甲壳纲、十足目、对虾科、明对虾属,是一种冷水性虾类,为我国近海地方性特有种。其主要分布于黄渤海区,在浙江沿海、长江口以及珠江口也有少量分布,朝鲜半岛西海岸和南海岸也有批量生产。养殖区集中在我国北方的黄     

南海区2种桁杆虾拖网渔获组成调查与分析

为了分析2种桁杆虾拖网(包括单杆虾拖网和双杆虾拖网)的结构特征、渔获组成及其对渔业资源的影响,2012-2015年于南海北部渔场进行了调查,运用相对重要性指数(IRI)评价渔获组成,统计副渔获物与虾类的产量比,计算主要经济种类的幼体比例。结果表明,单杆虾拖网与双杆虾拖网的桁杆结构存在较大的差异;单杆虾拖网副渔获与虾类的产量比平均为12.68±14.52;双杆虾拖网副渔获与虾类的产量比平均为1.79±1.02;2种虾拖网虾类优势种为刀额新对虾(Metapenaeus ensis)、周氏新对虾(M.joyneri)、日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)和近缘新对虾(M.affinis);鱼类优势种为褐斑三线舌鳎(Cynoglossus trigrammus)、多齿蛇鲻(Saurida tumbil)、少鳞(Sillago japonica)、丽叶鲹[Caranx(Atule)kalla]、黄斑篮子鱼(Siganus oramin)和六指马鲅(Thrissa dussumieri);蟹类优势种为红星梭子蟹(Portunus sanguinolentus)、三疣梭子蟹(P.trituberculatus)和远海梭子蟹(P.pelagicus);2种虾拖网渔获的幼体比例较高。文章还针对2种虾拖网作业对渔业资源产生的潜在影响进行了分析和探讨。     

南美白对虾淡化高产养殖试验

凡纳滨对虾（（Litopennaeus vannamei Boone1931）亦称白脚虾,俗称南美白对虾,属节肢动物门,有鳃亚门,甲壳纲、软甲壳纲,十足目,游泳亚目、对虾科、对虾属。为广盐、广温的热带虾类,主要分布在秘鲁北部至墨西哥桑诺拉一带,以厄瓜多尔沿岸最多。     

统一采用对虾属、种名称辑录

(一)国内外水产科技工作者和水产专业刊物登载的学术论文,为便于统一称呼和采用对虾属、种名称,根据Perez Farfante与Kensley的《世界对虾类和樱虾类》专著[1],以及我国甲壳类分类学研究专家刘瑞玉先生提出对虾类(属)学名的改变和统一的建议和检索表[2],原对虾属6个亚属已提升为属级新阶元。为避免混淆并统一正确使用,现辑录所属的29个虾种的汉语译名、拉丁文学名、联合国粮农组织(FAO)所定的英文名列于表1,建议统一称呼和刊用。表1 29种对虾的属、种名称汉语译名拉丁文学名FAO英文名一·对虾属1·斑节对虾2·食用对虾3·短沟对虾Genus…     

两种养殖模式下泥鳅养成品体色、质构及其脏器消化酶、抗氧化酶和ATP酶活力的差异

随机选取池塘专养模式(M1)和稻田养殖模式(M2)养成的平均体长和体重分别为(113.37±4.55) mm、(13.35±1.23)g和(122.69±5.22) mm、(16.43±1.36)g的1龄泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)作为实验对象,以养殖泥鳅的稻田鲜土样为色差对照(Mo),比较分析了2种模式下泥鳅间体色、背肌质构、脏器消化酶、抗氧化酶和ATP酶的差异,以期为阐述稻田生境下泥鳅生活策略、2种养殖模式下泥鳅的品质鉴定及其养殖模式的优化提供理论依据.结果显示:(1)M1泥鳅养成品背部体色与对照具有显著差异(P＜0.05),二者测量值呈Mo＞M1(P＜0.05);(2)所测背肌质构指标中,M1和M2均具显著差异(P＜0.05),除黏着性外,其余各指标测量值均呈M2＞M1 (P＜0.05);(3)所测消化酶中,M1和M2间仅蛋白酶和脂肪酶具有显著差异(P＜0.05),其测量值依次呈M2＞M1和M1＞M2 (P＜0.05);(4)所测脏器抗氧化酶和消化酶中,M1和M2间均具有显著差异(P＜0.05),各测量值均呈M2＞M1 (P＜0.05).     

鱼类病毒性出血性败血症病毒基质蛋白的原核表达及其亚细胞定位

为了对鱼类病毒性出血性败血症病毒(viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, VHSV)基质蛋白(matrix protein, M)进行功能研究,本实验通过PCR扩增了M基因全长序列,将其克隆至原核表达载体pET-32a(+),转化至大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)感受态细胞后进行IPTG诱导表达,将纯化后的重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠制备多克隆抗体,采用间接ELISA检测抗体效价,并运用Westernblot和间接免疫荧光检测抗体特异性。结果显示,M基因全长为606bp,IPTG诱导得到的融合蛋白主要以包涵体的形式存在,大小约为36 kD,比预计略小。间接ELISA检测抗体效价大于1:102400,Westernblot检测显示该抗体可以特异性识别纯化的融合蛋白和VHSV感染的鲤上皮瘤(epithelioma papulosum cyprini, EPC)细胞中的M蛋白。间接免疫荧光结果显示M蛋白多抗能识别感染VHSV的EPC细胞中的M蛋白,且M蛋白主要定位于细胞质和细胞膜。本研究中M蛋白多克隆抗体的制备将有助于开展M蛋白的功能研究及疾病的免疫学诊断。     

PCR-based nuclear and mtDNA markers and shell morphology as an approach to study the taxonomic status of the Chilean blue mussel,Mytilus chilensis (Bivalvia)

Most recent authors have called the Chilean blue mussel (formerly Mytilus chilensis) Mytilus edulis. Mussels from four nominal species (Mytilus edulis, M. trossulus, M. galloprovincialis and M. chilensis) were collected from the eastern coast of Newfoundland, Canada, New Zealand and the southern coast of Chile. Canonical discriminant analysis of selected shell morphometrical characters showed that although there is some overlap in canonical variates, the three nominal species, M. edulis, M. trossulus and M. chilensis can be morphologically divided into three distinct groups. The two nuclear-DNA markers (ITS and Glu-5) and the mtDNA marker studied indicate that the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of M. edulis and M. trossulus are different. M. edulis, M. galloprovincialis and M. chilensis share similar restriction fragment patterns for the mtDNA and for the ITS nuclear-DNA marker, while the Glu-5 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay showed that the M. edulis and M. chilensis genotypes disagree, producing species-specific banding patterns that can be used as a diagnostic marker between the two nominal species. The molecular and morphometric data reported here give more evidence to support the view of other authors that the Chilean blue mussel should be included as M. edulis subspecies: Mytilus edulis chilensis.     

Replacement of Artemia with Moina micrura in the rearing of freshwater shrimp larvae

The effect of an abrupt change in the live diet of shrimp larvae was investigated by replacing Artemia with Moina micrura. The control treatment consisted of feeding Artemia throughout the rearing period (regime A), while in the other treatments the onset of Moina feeding was arbitrarily chosen at larval stages iv (A3M), vi (A5M), viii (A7M) and x (A9M). No significant differences ( = 0.05) were observed among the treatments during larval production, mean stage development (MSD) and growth of postlarvae. The mean (SD) yields of postlarvae (PL) were 11.97 (1.98), 15.10 (2.92), 14.72(1.56), 13.51 (1.74) and 12.70 (1.40) PL l^–1 respectively for the feeding regimes A3M, A5M, A7M, A9M and A. Up to stage v, the ingestion rate in the Moina treatment was as low as 0.01–0.47 larva^–1 h^–1 compared with that in the Artemia treatment (0.29–1.77 larva^–1 h^–1). However, the ingestion of Moina increased from stage vi–vii onwards.     

Nualgi营养素、硅藻藻种对池塘水质和浮游植物的短期效应研究

为探讨短期内Nualgi营养素对池塘水质和藻类群落结构的影响,本研究在池塘中的不透水有底帆布围隔内共设计了4个试验组,依次分别添加Nualgi营养素(M1组)、补充硅藻藻种(M2组)、同时添加Nualgi营养素并补充硅藻藻种(M3组)、不做任何处理的空白对照(C组)。经过近一个月的试验,结果显示:各组的pH值、DO、TN、TP之间没有显著性差异;Nualgi可以显著降低水体中IP的含量,M1组和M3组的IP显著低于M2组和C组;M1组、M2组和M3组中的NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N和CODMn含量显著低于C组,表明Nualgi和硅藻藻种都可以显著降低水体中NH_4~+-N、NO_2~--N和CODMn的含量,对养殖水质具有显著的调控效果。试验各组的藻类种群极为丰富,试验期间共检出浮游植物7门109属186种,其中绿藻门47属86种,硅藻门26属48种,蓝藻门18属27种,裸藻门11属17种,甲藻门3属3种,隐藻门2属3种,金藻门2属2种。结果显示:添加Nualgi和补充硅藻藻种都可以有效提高水体中硅藻的生物量并抑制绿藻和蓝藻的生长,同时可以改变水体中浮游植物的群落结构,试验进行到第20天时,M1组、M2组和M3组中硅藻的生物量均显著高于C组,绿藻和蓝藻的生物量显著低于C组。试验中,颗粒直链藻在M1组、M2组和M3组中成为优势藻种,但并未在C组中成为优势藻种,小空星藻和四足十字藻仅在C组中成为优势藻种,四尾栅藻在M1组、M2组和C组中均成为优势藻种。在试验期内,各试验组之间的多样性指数没有显著差异,香农-威纳指数均在2.00以上,表明Nualgi和硅藻藻种并没有影响到水体中藻类的多样性。     

不同养殖模式下尼罗罗非鱼消化酶活性的比较

以广东省3种较常见的罗非鱼养殖模式作为实验对象,开展养殖模式对尼罗罗非鱼消化酶活性影响的研究,旨在阐明养殖模式中水温、饲料成分等因素对消化酶活性的影响.实验中养殖模式分别为传统养殖模式(M1),一年两造养殖模式(M2),鱼虾混养养殖模式(M3).养殖中定期进行水质测定,4次取样并运用生化法测定消化酶活性.3种模式酶活性比较结果发现,M2的胃总蛋白酶活性最高,M1肠总蛋白酶活性最高;3种养殖模式总蛋白酶活性趋势都是肠总蛋白酶＞胃总蛋白酶＞肝胰脏总蛋白酶.M2的肠总脂肪酶、肠总淀粉酶、肝胰脏总脂肪酶活性和肝胰脏总淀粉酶活性总体高于其他两种模式,同时,饲料系数总体低于其他两种模式.研究表明,罗非鱼不同脏器的蛋白消化能力不同,以肠道最强;3种养殖模式总体蛋白消化酶活性无显著性差异;M2对脂肪及淀粉的消化能力较强,可减少尼罗罗非鱼对蛋白的需求量,降低饲料系数,从而降低饲料成本达到增收的目的.     

Purification and immunochemical detection of a quantitatively major collagen in the dermis of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Pepsin-solubilized collagen (PSC) was prepared from the dermis of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (green type) by performing pepsin digestion to collagen fiber pretreated with disaggregating solution (0.1 M Tris–HCl, pH 8.0, containing 0.5 M NaCl, 0.05 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and 0.2 M 2-mercaptoethanol) and 0.1 M NaOH. On sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), the PSC clearly showed two alpha bands under phosphate buffer system in the presence of 3.5 M urea. An antiserum was raised against chromatographically purified major molecular species in the PSC, and immunoblot analyses were performed for the soluble fractions at 4 M guanidine hydrochloride treatment and disaggregation as well as the collagen fiber before and after treatment. These fractions and collagen fibers showed quite similar band patterns to that of the PSC, showing mainly two alpha bands. These combined results suggest that the major molecular species of collagen contains at least two distinct alpha components and that the effect of pepsin digestion is relatively small on the structure of this collagen type.

     

The effects of elevated concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphate in seawater on the growth and survival of juvenile abalone,Haliotis iris

Seawater sampling from three abalone farms in New Zealand showed average ambient concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphate (P_i) varying between 2.36 and 238 μM. The P_i concentration within each system appeared to be directly linked to the percentage of water that was replaced each day. An experiment was conducted over 5 months to examine the effect of elevated P_i concentrations on the growth of two juvenile abalone (Haliotis iris) size classes (small: average shell length=23.9 ± 0.1 and large: average shell length=61.9 ± 0.1 mm). Abalone from each size class were exposed to P_i concentrations of; (a) natural incoming seawater (average 0.12 ± 0.12 μM), (b) 10.7 ± 1.3 μM, (c) 60.9 ± 5.8 μM and (d) 113.1 ± 5.6 μM. The results suggest that over the course of the 5‐month period of this experiment there was a significant negative impact on growth (shell length and wet weight) when the smaller size class of abalone were exposed to P_i concentrations greater than 10.7 μM and for the large size class of abalone when exposed to greater than 60.9 μM P_i. However, elevated P_i concentrations did not significantly impact on abalone survival during the course of the experiment.     

5种褐藻的甘露糖醛酸和古罗糖醛酸比值测定

通过PMP柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定5种褐藻(多肋藻、海带、裙带菜、海蒿子和萱藻)的甘露糖醛酸和古罗糖醛酸比值(M/G).结果显示,多肋藻在所测褐藻中的M/G值最大(2.22),其次为海带(2.10),萱藻最小(0.60).多肋藻与海带的褐藻胶凝胶强度小,持水性好,而萱藻的褐藻胶凝胶强度大,持水性差.同一生长期、不同海带品种(系)的M/G值相差不大,海带在生长期的M/G值呈下降趋势,在成熟期达到最低.此研究结果可为褐藻在相关生产领域应用提供参考依据.     

Pigmentation and growth performance in the blue gourami,Trichogaster trichopterus,fed marigold,Calendula officinalis,powder, a natural carotenoid source

The present study aimed to determine the effects of different levels of marigold, Calendula officinalis, powder, 0 (control), 0.5% (M0.5), 1.5% (M1.5), and 2.5% (M2.5), on pigmentation and growth performance of the blue gourami after a 70‐day trial. At the end of the experiment, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in fish growth performance and body compositions. Color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) were weekly evaluated by examining a point posterior to the fish operculum. The marigold‐fed fish were darker than the control fish at Weeks 9 and 10. Yellowness intensity of the M2.5 was significantly higher than the other treatments at Week 9. Skin and caudal fin total carotenoids, astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and β‐carotene contents of the treatment M2.5 were significantly different (p < 0.05) compared to the other treatments. Muscle total carotenoids, astaxanthin, and canthaxanthin contents of the marigold‐treated fish were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the control group. Muscle β‐carotene contents of the treatments M1.5 and M2.5 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the control group. This study shows that marigold powder may be considered an efficient natural carotenoid source for pigmentation in blue gourami.