茶叶质量安全

对茶叶质量安全进行了探讨。茶叶质量安全包含了茶叶质量与茶叶安全，茶叶质量是指“茶叶的特性及其满足消费要求的程度”，茶叶安全是指“长期正常饮用茶叶对人体不会带来危害”。在阐述茶叶质量安全内涵的基础上，对影响茶叶安全性的主要因素进行了探讨。介绍了茶叶质量安全评价及质量安全标准。     

高品质棉优质高效技术研究

发展高品质棉是江苏省“十五”优质粮棉油五大主导产业之一，是提高棉花竞争力的一个重要举措。本文从生产实际的角度，对高品质高产栽培、加工、纺纱等技术方面进行了研究，并提出了切实可行的措施。     

高品质棉JS系列的生育特性及产量质量表现

本文对江苏省农业科学经济作物研究所研制的高品质棉JS系列品质的农艺性状、经济性状、产量性状和品质性状开展了研究。研究结果表明高品质棉JS系列品系农艺性状和经济性状优良,皮棉产量中等偏上,纤维品质得到了明显的改良,显著的优于常规棉泗棉3号,在生产上有广泛的应用前景。     

Increasing atmospheric CO2 modifies durum wheat grain quality and pasta cooking quality

The present study focused on the quality traits of durum wheat grains (protein and content, gluten content, yellow pigment content), semolina (gluten index and yellow index) and pasta (firmness, yellow index, cooking time) obtained from 12 durum wheat genotypes grown under elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration in an open field Free Air CO₂ Enrichment (FACE) experiment. The aims were to evaluate the impact of elevated CO₂ on durum wheat pasta making related traits as well as investigate genetic differences existing in a panel of old and modern cultivars. The protein content showed a not significant decrease (7%), the GC decreased significantly (13.3%), while the GI showed an increasing significant tendency (14%). The overall pasta quality (firmness and weight) worsened in ELE. Correlation between all traits and pasta firmness demonstrated that the decrease in pasta firmness under ELE was correlated with GPC and GC while it was not with the GI. All varieties, although to different extent, showed lower pasta firmness values compared to the ambient condition. Among the varieties tested, some were more sensitive than others to the increased atmospheric CO₂ concentration, a finding that can be exploited by breeding for designing novel genotypes with lower sensitivity to increased atmospheric CO₂.     

实施质量及测量管理体系,提升白砂糖产品包装质量

实施质量管理体系、测量管理体系,加强白砂糖产品包装质量的管理和控制,避免不必要的损失,促进企业经济效益的提高,使管理体系工作落到实处。     

Development and quality evaluation of pawpaw-ogi

Pawpaw-ogi was evaluated for proximate and chemical composition, amylograph pasting viscosity, colour and acceptability. The addition of pawpaw to maize ogi slurry had no significant effect on protein and fat contents nor on amylograph pasting characteristics but resulted in significant increases in ash, ascorbic acid, sugars and mineral contents. The Munsell colour notations indicated that the addition of pawpaw improved the colour of ogi. Taste panel evaluation showed that both the powder and porridge of pawpaw-ogi were acceptable.     

Interrelationships of quality testing methods and relative effectiveness of surfactants on potato flake quality

Correlation was found between several methods which were used to evaluate the relative effectiveness of surfactants in potato flakes. Notably, Amylograph rate of rétrogradation and Amylograph temperature at peak viscosity correlated very well with the level of free starch (Blue Value Index). Overall, calcium and sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate did not perform well in complexing free starch to improve rheological properties unless accompanied by low alpha monoglycerides or distilled monoglycerides.     

Frost kill and kenaf fiber quality

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) grown in northern Mississippi and elsewhere often is injured by early frost and killed before harvest. Frost kill often is associated with fungal growth or rot, so its effect on fiber quality is a major concern. Fiber processing also affects the quality and chemical composition of fibers. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the effects of frost kill on processing, fiber quality and chemical composition of kenaf fibers. Frost-damaged kenaf with fungal growth was decorticated by hand and divided into six sections (26.88 cm/each) from the base to tip of the stem and then retted chemically or bacterially in the laboratory. Fiber characteristics were compared between the two processes and the six locations on the plant. Ash, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents of the resultant fibers were measured. Bacterially retted (BR) fibers were stronger (11.8 g/tex) than the chemically retted fibers (CR), 7.5 g/tex, at all locations. The BR fibers from decorticated green ribbons were stronger than those from frost-killed ribbons. However, no significant differences occurred between the CR fibers from decorticated and frost-killed ribbons. Residual gum content was higher for the BR fibers (23.3%) than for the CR fibers (8.1%). The stretch properties were not affected significantly by the frost kill or fungus. The base of the stem had the weakest fibers in both processes, which may have been due to greater fungal disease. The CR process extracted more fiber than the BR process, with a consistent higher yield of clean fibers. In the BR process, the fiber extracted was higher at the tip than at the base of the stem. This may have been related to the presence of fungus, which inhibits the BR process. Analysis of chemical composition of the processed fibers indicated that CR is efficient in reducing hemicellulose and lignin contents. These results indicate that frost kill may not be the appropriate method for harvesting kenaf for quality fibers. However, fibers extracted by chemical retting were unaffected by the presence of fungus as a result of frost kill.     

海门市高品质棉优质高效栽培及产业化开发初探

随着我国加入世贸组织,大量农产品将涌入国门,农产品品质的竞争将更趋激烈.棉花生产也不例外,要提高棉花的竞争能力,必须发展适合高支纱,精梳纱的高品质棉花.从2001年起,海门市承担了江苏省三项更新工程的“高品质棉优质高效栽培及产业化开发”项目,全市累计推广种植了以科棉1号、3号为主的高品质棉花品种4333.3hm^2,平均单产为1512.0kg/hm^2,取得了较为显著的经济效益和社会效益.     

《六堡茶质量技术要求》析疑

通过介绍质检部门开展地理标志产品保护的法规依据和程序,叙述“六堡茶”地理标志产品保护专家审查会上的质询、答辩及会议纪要,以及草拟《六堡茶质量技术要求》的理由、内部讨论、上报初稿、专家审查反馈意见、沟通、协调等实况.《六堡茶质量技术要求》内容是申报、审查专家、执法部门等多方诉求而达成的一个平衡点,符合法规要求和国际惯例.一个内容符合国际惯例的《六堡茶质量技术要求》有助于六堡茶地理标志保护产品获得国际认可,从而促进走出去战略的实施.     

茶叶滋味与其品质成分的关系

本文从茶叶的鲜味、苦味、涩味等角度综述了茶叶滋味与其品质成分之间的相关性,以构建鉴别茶叶滋味品质的有效途经。     

Oil and protein quality of groundnut mutants

Variability in oil quality was observed in four groundnut mutants (TG-1, TG-3, TG-14, TG-16) induced by -irradiation. The fatty acid composition of the mutants differed from their parent Spanish Improved. All the mutants had lower linoleic and higher oleic acid than the parent Spanish Improved. TG-3 and TG-14 had substantially higher linoleic acid and lower oleic acid as compared with TG-1 and TG-16. Other fatty acids also showed minor variation amongst mutants and Spanish Improved. The ratio of oleic to linoleic acid, which is an index of oil stability, was 2.7 and 3.3 fold respectively in TG-16 and TG-1 as compared with Spanish Improved.Protein percent in TG-1, TG-14 and TG-16 was higher than in Spanish Improved. Amino acid analysis of protein from mutants indicated decreases in methionine and cystine and an increase in tryptophan as compared with Spanish Improved. Other amino acids did not show any major variation between the mutants and Spanish Improved. In all varieties except TG-16, lysine was the first limiting amino acid; threonine was second limiting in all mutants. The essential amino acid content per kernel was higher in mutants than in Spanish Improved.     

浅谈稻米品质及其影响因素

我国农业发展现已进入结构性调整的新阶段。粮食和其它主要农产品由长期供不应求转变为阶段性的供大于求 ,人民生活总体上开始进入小康。水稻生产已由数量型向质量型转化 ,即在保持总量平衡的基础上突出质量和效益 ,向多样化、高品质的方向发展 ,以适应市场需求的变化 ,提高效益 ,增加农民收入。笔者根据多年水稻栽培的经验以及对国内外水稻栽培研究资料的分析 ,就稻米品质及其影响因素 (主要为环境和农艺措施等 )作些探讨。一、稻米品质的主要指标稻米品质是稻米作为商品在流通过程中所必须具备的基本特性。它是一个综合性的概念 ,通常必须…     

陆地棉高品质分离群体中纤维产量和品质性状遗传多样性分析

为了进一步揭示高产优质棉花品种的纤维产量和品质性状之间的遗传关系，筛选高产优质的陆地棉新品系，以纤维品质优异的中棉所127与高产的中棉所60杂交并自交构建的F₂、F_2∶3分离群体和重组自交系F_6∶8群体为材料，运用简单相关分析、多元逐步回归分析和通径分析对纤维产量与品质性状进行分析评价。简单相关分析结果表明，纤维上半部平均长度在3个群体中均与衣分呈极显著负相关，断裂比强度在2个低世代群体中均与衣分呈极显著负相关，纤维上半部平均长度在3个群体中均和断裂比强度呈极显著正相关，铃重与其他各性状在3个群体中的相关性差异较大。在多元逐步回归分析中，F₂和F_2∶3群体断裂比强度均与衣分呈负相关关系。通径分析结果表明，在F₂群体中，断裂比强度对衣分的直接负效应最大；F_2∶3群体中纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度和马克隆值对衣分的直接效应均为负，其中纤维上半部平均长度的直接效应最大。综合简单相关分析、多元逐步回归分析和通径分析的结果认为，主要的品质性状纤维上半部平均长度和断裂比强度与产量性状衣分存在负相关关系。进一步通过对重组自交系F_6∶8群体和F₂、F_2∶3分离群体的表型数据分析，筛选出8个从低世代分离群体到重组自交系群体均表现稳定，衣分较高，纤维上半部平均长度在29.10 mm以上、断裂比强度在29.80 cN·tex^－1以上的优质品系，为高产优质棉花新品种的选育及基础研究提供了资源材料。     

水稻优质粳米主要品质指标理化性质与意义分析

本文阐述了稻米品质的概念和意义,分析了优质粳米主要指标与品质的关系。分组列出辽宁省部分粳稻新老品种20个,并依据国家优质粳米新标准和广大食用者经验,对它们进行了分析评价。