35.6%阿维菌素、多菌灵、福美双悬浮种衣剂对大豆苗期病虫害的防治试验

选用35.6%阿维菌素、多菌灵、福美双悬浮种衣剂与当地生产上常用的35%多福克种衣剂等做对比试验,结果表明,新型种衣剂对大豆苗期病虫害均有较好的防效,对大豆孢囊线虫病、大豆根腐病和大豆根潜蝇的防效分别为48.3%、94.6%、100%.药剂拌种后,时大豆出苗没有影响,并表现一定的促进作用,处理后,大豆苗期根教、根瘤数、株高和单株鲜重分别较对照增加8.75%～15%、8.1%～100%、7.1%～37.2%和14.2%;大豆产量增加10.83%～15.39%.从总体效果看,优于35%多福克种衣剂,可作为新型换代的大豆种衣剂在生产中推广应用.     

含OH11发酵液玉米种衣剂的研制及其对茎基腐病的效果评价

通过正交试验,筛选分散剂、乳化剂及增稠剂,利用湿法砂磨法,将OH11发酵液研制成30%悬浮种衣剂,将研制的玉米种衣剂不同药种比包衣后测定对玉米根长、苗长、鲜重指标影响,并通过菌土混合法,测定了药剂对玉米茎基腐防效。结果显示,30%OH11发酵液悬浮种衣剂最佳配方为OH11发酵液30%、木钠0.8%、PEG40003%、XG0.2%、红染4%、成膜剂3%,水余量。该种衣剂药种比1:200、1:500包衣对玉米生长发育影响不大,1:200时对玉米茎基腐（腐霉菌）防效达93.55%,1:500防效达80.51%,显著高于对照药剂30%戊唑醇悬浮种衣剂（39.16%）。结果显示30%OH11发酵液悬浮种衣剂能够很好的应用于玉米茎基腐（腐霉菌）病的防治。     

不同种衣剂对棉花生长的影响及防治立枯病的效果

为筛选出适用于长江流域棉区的种衣剂,开展了不同种衣剂处理棉花种子试验,调查供试的7种种衣剂对棉花生长的影响以及对棉花苗期病害立枯病的防治效果。结果表明,10%拌·福悬浮种衣剂、11%精甲·咯·嘧菌悬浮种衣剂、50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂、24%苯醚·咯·噻虫悬浮种衣剂和25%咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂显著降低了相应处理区棉花立枯病的发生率,播后15d防效最高,达84.69%～94.79%,显著高于另外两种供试种衣剂25%噻虫·咯·霜灵悬浮种衣剂和20%噻菌铜悬浮种衣剂。各个种衣剂处理对供试品种棉花生长无不利影响。建议大田生产中交替使用拌·福、精甲·咯·嘧菌、多菌灵、苯醚·咯·噻虫或咯菌腈处理种子,以预防棉花立枯病。     

不同种子处理对苗期小麦草地贪夜蛾的室内防治效果

草地贪夜蛾是入侵我国的重大农业害虫, 其寄主植物范围广, 对我国粮食生产安全构成重大威胁?本研究通过室内盆栽接虫试验, 研究不同种衣剂包衣对苗期小麦草地贪夜蛾的防治效果?结果表明, 4种种衣剂处理均能显著提高小麦出苗率, 其中, 480 g/L 四唑虫酰胺种子处理悬浮剂10 mL/kg处理, 小麦出苗率最高, 达到97.78%, 与对照相比增加了21.38%?40%溴酰·噻虫嗪种子处理悬浮剂的保叶效果和防虫效果均表现良好, 其中4.5 mL/kg种子包衣对小麦齐苗后7?14 d和21 d接虫处理的保叶效果分别为76.12%?69.84%和70.45%, 而且, 接虫后14 d全株调查时未见活虫, 防虫效果达到100%?随着接虫时间的推迟, 含有双酰胺类药剂成分的各种衣剂处理对草地贪夜蛾为害麦苗的保叶效果有所下降, 但均显著好于600 g/L吡虫啉种子处理悬浮剂?     

70%快胜干种衣剂防治棉花苗期害虫效果试验

应用 70 %快胜干种衣剂包衣处理棉种防治棉花苗期害虫田间试验 ,结果表明 ,70 %快胜干种衣剂包衣处理棉种对出苗安全 ,能促进棉苗生长 ,出苗后55d对防治蚜虫、蓟马和地老虎危害造成的棉花无头苗、多头苗和破叶的效果分别为87.0%、39.4%和58.0%,提高产量25.6% ,其综合效果明显优于常规药剂10%林丹可湿性粉剂处理     

适乐时悬浮种衣剂防治小麦纹枯病、全蚀病

10 %适乐时悬浮种衣剂 (ｆｌｕｄｉｏｘｏｎｉ)是诺华公司最新开发生产的种子处理杀菌剂。为验证其防治小麦纹枯病、全蚀病等小麦种传、土传病害和促进幼苗生长、增加产量等特点 ,我们于 1999年秋在玉田县虹桥镇围里村进行了适乐时悬浮种衣剂种子包衣防病试验 ,现将试验结果报告如下。1　材料与方法适乐时用量为 2 0 0ｍｌ/ 10 0ｋｇ种子 ,以小麦拌种剂 17%多福悬浮剂 (ｃａｒｂｏｆｕｒｏｎｔｈｉｒａｍ ,天津北方种衣剂中试厂 )为对照药剂并设空白对照 ,小区面积4 0 0ｍ2 ,重复 2次 ,小区随机区组排列。小麦品种为京 4 11冬小麦 ,试验地土…     

盐胁迫条件下骆驼刺与绿豆光合日变化特征及午休现象的成因

为了研究盐生豆科植物骆驼刺与盐敏感植物绿豆在盐胁迫下光合日变化与光合“午休”现象的成因,在网室培养,并用0 mmol•L^-1(对照)、50 mmol•L^-1、100mmol•L^-1、200 mmol•L^-1 NaCl处理2周,测定光合作用日变化、叶绿素含量和Rubisco大亚基基因的表达等参数。结果表明：未经盐处理时,骆驼刺和绿豆光合日变化均呈单峰型;经盐处理后,两者光合日变化响应有明显差异。骆驼刺50～200 mmol•L^-1NaCl处理后,其净光合速率（Pn）均比未处理(对照)上升速率快,而其他处理峰值与对照之间没有显著差异;绿豆对照光合速率的上升则比盐处理的快,盐处理光合速率峰值低于对照。骆驼刺50 mmol•L^-1、100 mmol•L^-1和绿豆50 mmol•L^-1处理Pn没有出现“午休”现象,而骆驼刺200 mmol•L^-1处理与绿豆100 mmol•L^-1处理出现“午休”现象。骆驼刺在重度盐胁迫下,由于气孔导度（Gs）下降而引起轻微的“午休”现象,而盐处理绿豆中Rubisco被抑制,对Pn 午休的贡献比其Gs的贡献更为显著。在绿豆中大亚基基因（rbcL）的表达量随着盐胁迫的提高而下降。骆驼刺中rbcL的表达在50 mmol•L^-1和100 mmol•L^-1处理下有所增加,而在200 mmol•L^-1处理显著降低。绿豆和骆驼刺的总叶绿素含量及其Chl a/b比值的动态变化表明,绿豆PSI复合体下降速率较PSII快;与此相反,骆驼刺盐处理后PSI复合体浓度的增加却比PSII复合体快。     

几种玉米种衣剂的药效试验

为了找出最佳类型的种衣剂用于大面积生产 ,提高玉米产量 ,我们将几种种衣剂作对比试验 ,结果如下 :１试验材料与方法１．１参试种衣剂１．１．１天津牌种衣剂（简称Ａ种衣剂）设为Ａ处理 ;１．１．２１２ %呋甲种衣剂（简称Ｂ种衣剂）设为Ｂ处理 ;１．１．３湖南省农业科学院提供的玉米种衣剂（简称Ｃ种衣剂）设为Ｃ处理 ;１．１．４四川红种子高新农业有限公司提供的新型多效玉米种衣剂（简称Ｄ种衣剂）设为Ｄ处理。１．２玉米品种为兴黄单８９—２ ,是普定县大面积推广的杂交玉米品种。１．３试验概况试验地设在普定县境内的贵州省太平农…     

新型水稻包衣剂异噻·菌酯对水稻稻瘟病的防治效果

在安徽黄山稻瘟病老病区,选择对稻瘟病敏感的水稻品种,采用280 g/L异噻·菌酯悬浮种衣剂以15、20、25、50mL/kg的拌种量进行稻种包衣成膜处理,预防水稻稻瘟病。结果表明,经该药剂包衣处理的稻种,秧苗素质好,播后60d稻株主根长较空白对照增加17.5%～22.2%。包衣处理对苗期和分蘖盛期的叶瘟具有预防作用,秧苗期未发生苗瘟,播后50d、60d、80d对叶瘟的防效分别为76.27%～90.24%、55.40%～87.87%、44.11%～81.34%;播后130d对穗颈瘟的防效为31.94%～45.50%。包衣处理对水稻还有较明显增产作用,增产率达11.80%～27.76%。     

3种种衣剂防治党参种苗根腐病效果及经济效益比较

为明确3种复合型种衣剂对党参种苗根腐病的防治效果和经济效益,以‘渭党1号’为试材,采用田间小区试验,研究18%噻灵·咯·精甲FSC、8%氟环·咯菌腈FSC和62.5 g/L精甲·咯菌腈FSC对党参种苗根腐病、产苗量及等级的影响,分析其防治党参种苗根腐病的效果及经济效益,以期筛选出最佳种衣剂。结果表明,党参种苗根腐病中慢性黄腐型发病率明显高于急性青枯型,发病率分别为5.94%～29.98%、2.04%～4.69%。3种种衣剂对党参种苗根腐病防效分别为80.52%、58.27%、69.79%,以18%噻灵·咯·精甲FSC包衣处理防治党参种苗根腐病效果最佳。3种种衣剂处理对党参种苗根长、根粗、单根鲜重分别较对照增加22.20%～42.67%、30.87%～58.14%、15.89%～48.60%,明显提高了党参种苗产苗量和等级,以18%噻灵·咯·精甲FSC包衣处理效果最好,增产高达6 156.08 kg/hm~2,经济效益为36 936.50元/hm~2,投入产出比为1∶123.12,具有推广应用价值。     

Investigation of the Mode of Action of Nematode Neuropeptides

The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway.     

厚朴病虫害种类的初步调查

采用标准地法和线路调查法,对湖北恩施市新塘乡双河厚朴基地的厚朴病虫害进行了系统调查,记录主要虫害13种,其中叶部害虫9种,枝干害虫2种,根部害虫2种。厚朴主要病害5种。藤壶蚧、厚朴枝角叶蜂和厚朴新丽斑蚜为湖北省首次报道,小绿叶蝉为厚朴新寄主记录种。同时记录了藤壶蚧的天敌6种,其中寄生小蜂2种,瓢虫4种;厚朴新丽斑蚜的天敌昆虫8种。对藤壶蚧、厚朴枝角叶蜂和厚朴苗木根腐病等重要病虫害的发生规律进行了初步调查,同时提出了防治建议。     

Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato

The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere.     

棉花黄萎病菌致病型的AFLP分析

 选用41个棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)代表菌系,在温室条件下,对4个棉花品种鄂荆1号(感)、中棉所12(耐)、文-5(抗)和唐棉2号(抗)进行致病性测定,结果可将供试菌系分为落叶型与非落叶型2类。选取8对AFLP引物PCR扩增的结果中,统计带型稳定、清晰且有多态性的条带,共169条作系统聚类分析,将上述菌系分为2大类,第一类为非落叶型菌系,包括10个非落叶型菌系和1个过渡菌系;第二类为30个落叶型菌系。根据聚类分析建立树状图,发现菌系与地理来源存在一定的相关性,而依据菌系致病力强弱分类则相关关系不大。选用25对EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ引物组合,对供试的41个V.dahliae进行AFLP扩增,筛选到2对引物E64(GACTGCGTACCAATTCGAC)、M53(GATGAGTCCTGAGTAACCG)和E49(GACTGCGTACCAATTCCAG)、M65(GAT-GAGTCCTGAGTAAGAG),能分别扩增出433bp和110bp2条仅为V.dahliae非落叶型菌系独有的特异片段,可将落叶型与非落叶型菌系分开,这2条特异片段被命名为EM₄₃₃和EM₁₁₀。     

青稞种子带菌检测及杀菌剂消毒处理效果

为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。     

Mode of action of etoxazole

The mode of action of the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well-known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 microM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide-resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition.     

百合地下害虫主要种类调查及生物（源）农药筛选

调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物（源）农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d（2.2 mg/g）、1.393 d（2.2 mg/g）和6.645 d（40.0×107孢子/g）、4.940 d（2.0×107孢子/g）, 这两种生物（源）农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。     

黑麦草属DNA条形码鉴定技术研究

以毒麦、田毒麦、多花黑麦草、多年生黑麦草、硬直黑麦草、高羊茅与狗牙根等禾本科的7种植物为材料,拟采用 DNA 测序、特异性位点比对、种间遗传距离测定、建立系统树等分析候选 DNA 条形码 psbA-trnH 鉴别黑麦草属常见植物的能力。实验结果表明,以 psbA-trnH 为 DNA 条形码时,建立的系统发育树能较好区分毒麦和田毒麦与其他几种植物。psbA-trnH 序列可以作为黑麦草属植物的潜在条形码。     

Effects of different temperature treatments on dormancy of sclerotia of ten isolates of Sclerotium cepivorum

The variability of dormancy of sclerotia of ten isolates ofSclerotium cepivorum was investigated. Of all isolates tested, the freshly harvested sclerotia were dormant. After drying for 48 hours the sclerotia of six isolates were able to germinate, two isolates stayed dormant and two isolates were infested by hyperparasitic fungi. After storage in soil at 5°C or 20°C, the sclerotia of the different isolates exhibited considerable differences in respect to germination capability, but all isolates showed highest germination after a treatment of 8 weeks at 20°C followed by 8 weeks at 5°C. The sclerotia of all isolates showed an increased capacity to germinate withoutAllium extracts at 10°C after pretreatment at 30°C for 28 days.     

Allelopathy of buckwheat: Assessment of allelopathic potential of extract of aerial parts of buckwheat and identification of fagomine and other related alkaloids as allelochemicals

The allelopathic potential of buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum ) was investigated. Field study showed that living buckwheat reduced weed biomass compared with plots without buckwheat. Laboratory study revealed that root exudates suppressed root and shoot growth of weeds and reduced weed dry weight. Sequential partitioning of the aqueous ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of buckwheat showed that the chloroform extract caused an 80% reduction in radicle elongation of lettuce seedlings at a concentration of less than 100 p.p.m. Fagomine, 4-piperidone and 2-piperidinemethanol were isolated and identified by ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance from the chloroform extract. These compounds caused a 50% inhibition of radicle elongation in lettuce seedlings at concentrations of less than 100 p.p.m. These results suggest that compounds 1, 2, and 3 might act as allelochemicals and affect the growth or germination of different plant species.