Evaluation of ergonomic risk factors among veterinary ultrasonographers

Between 65% and 91% of human‐patient sonographers report musculoskeletal symptoms related to their work activities. Ergonomic risk factors associated with musculoskeletal symptoms and musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) include force, repetition, and awkward postures of the upper extremities. We hypothesized that veterinary sonographers experience similar risk factor exposures as their colleagues in human‐patient sonography, and that work‐related exposures may lead to similar prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and disorders. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration and Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonography published MSD prevention guidelines in 2003. Similar guidance for sonographers examining animal patients does not exist. This cross‐sectional study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among veterinary sonographers and identify reported risk factors. A 59‐item survey questionnaire was administered via email to veterinary specialists likely to perform ultrasound. Musculoskeletal pain related to performing ultrasound exams was reported by 62% of the respondents. Musculoskeletal symptoms were significantly associated with female gender (odds ratio [OR], 4.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.04–10.19), age (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01, 1.10), previous work‐related trauma (OR, 6.86; 95% CI, 1.71, 27.40), not consistently using a normal height chair (OR, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.19, 5.80), and 15°–45° abduction of shoulder (OR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.11, 4.92) . It was concluded that the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among veterinary sonographers was similar to that occurring in human‐patient sonographers. © 2012 Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound.     

Validation of a national disease recording system for dairy cattle against veterinary practice records

In Sweden, morbidity in dairy cattle is monitored through a national disease recording system. This system gives valuable information for research as well as advisory work and genetic evaluation. Our main objective was to evaluate the completeness in the disease recording system.Farm copies of veterinary records (n = 851) from 112 herds, from March 2003 to April 2004, were compared with the information registered in the recording system. The evaluation of completeness was performed at two stages: (i) in the raw data transferred from the Swedish Board of Agriculture (SBA) to the Swedish Dairy Association (for records, cases and diagnostic events) and (ii) in the dairy disease database (DDD) at the Swedish Dairy Association (for diagnostic events). The evaluation was stratified by record type: manual and computerized records from state-employed veterinarians and private veterinarians, respectively.The completeness was high both for records (95–100%) and cases (90–99%) except manual records from private veterinarians (76% for records and 74% for cases). The overall completeness for diagnostic events was 75% in the DDD, with significant differences between record types. For all record types other than manual records from private veterinarians, the majority of diagnostic events lost disappeared after registration in the raw data from the SBA. The reasons for loss found suggest that there is potential for improvement.A multilevel logistic regression analysis showed that the completeness of diagnostic events in the DDD depended on region, diagnosis and veterinary employment. The random effect of veterinarian accounted for 35% of the modeled variation.Future studies are needed to assess how the differential misclassification affect estimates based on the data, and how to account for it.     

动物医院环境细菌监测及影响因素分析

为了调查动物医院环境细菌污染情况并评估其风险因子,从而给动物医院环境管理和降低患病动物医源性感染提供参考数据。通过抽样调查分析北京地区3家动物医院环境细菌含量与其相关因素。从2013年3月至2014年4月采用空气沉降法和涂布法,分别对空气和物体表面进行采样,37℃恒温培养24 h后进行菌落计数。同时记录采样当日医院的病例量、通风情况以及消毒频率和方法。结果显示,3家动物医院的污染均较为严重,医院A、B、C的空气细菌含量合格率分别为:13.80%、15.40%、31.25%;而物体表面细菌含量合格率较高。空气中细菌含量与病例量存在显著相关性。研究表明,动物医院空气细菌污染较严重,应针对相关的因素,采取有效措施降低环境细菌污染。     

Time trends and risk factors for diabetes mellitus in dogs: analysis of veterinary medical data base records (1970-1999)

The objectives of the study were to identify recent trends in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs and to identify host risk factors. Veterinary Medical Data Base (VMDB) electronic records of 6860 dogs with a diagnosis of DM (VMDB code 870178500) between 1970 and 1999 were evaluated to determine time trends. Records of 6707 dogs with DM and 6707 frequency matched dogs with any diagnosis other than DM from the same teaching hospitals in the same year, selected as controls, were evaluated for risk factor analysis. The prevalence of DM in dogs presented to veterinary teaching hospitals increased from 19 cases per 10,000 admissions per year in 1970 to 64 cases per 10,000 in 1999, while the case-fatality rate decreased from 37% to 5%. The hospital prevalence of DM was consistently greater over time in older compared with younger dogs with the highest prevalence occurring in dogs 10-15 years of age. Dogs weighing <22.7 kg had a significantly (P<0.001) greater risk of DM compared with heavier dogs. Female dogs had an increased risk of DM compared with males (P<0.001).     

The veterinary clinic of Emile Seeldrayers

La "clinique vétérinaire" was created by the Belgian painter Emile Seeldrayers in 1884. The work was purchased by the local administration of Anderlecht in 1893 and given to the Veterinary School of Cureghem in 1961, at the occasion of its 125th anniversary. The painting is nowadays at the campus of Sart Tilman, in the premises of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Liège. According to the tradition it seems to be a key painting: the figures representing professor Lambert Hendrickx and different important persons of Anderlecht. Authorized evidence as well as certain facts refute this hypothesis; even if the realism of the painting is evident, the scene might be imaginary. In 2000 the deputy of Fine Arts of Anderlecht acquired a study of Seeldrayers that proves that the painter was frequently on the premises of the veterinary school, the he was inspired by the places, but that he modified them in order to make his composition more attractive.     

干扰素在兽医临床上的应用

干扰素是细胞分泌的一类具有高度生物学活性的糖蛋白,由于其具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤和免疫调节等多种生物学活性而受到研究者的广泛重视,本文就对其在兽医临床上的应用作一概述。     

兽医临床抗菌药物的合理应用

1抗蕾药物应用不当原因分析 抗感染药是兽医临床应用最广的药物。抗感染药的不合理应用或滥用，可造成：(1)动物机体产生耐药菌和正常菌群的失调；(2)增加养殖成本：(3)影响畜产品安全；(4)影响人类健康。     

仲景经方在兽医临床上的应用

张仲景《伤寒论》和《金匮要略》,论述精湛 ,治法甚多 ,组方严谨 ,选药精当 ,是“群方之祖”。经方是否也能治疗牲畜危难重病 ,现举治验如下。1　桂枝汤治流感重症甘子河乡甘子河村李某一匹马 ,1 998年 5月 6日来诊。该马年龄 6岁 ,毛色枣骝 ,症状 :鼻冷耳耷 ,毛竖头低 ,水草减     

祖师麻注射剂在兽医临床的应用

祖师麻系产于我国西北一带高原上的落叶小灌木 ,又名甘肃小冬青 ,为瑞香科瑞香属植物黄瑞香(Daphne gira ldii Nitsche)。株高 4 0～ 80 cm,幼枝色浅绿 ,老枝呈黄灰色 ;叶互生 ,常集于枝梢 ,全绿色 ;叶背有白霜 ,花呈黄色 ;核果卵状 ,色鲜红。常生于海拔 2 50 0～ 30 0 0 m的山     

Evaluation of prevalence and risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in veterinary personnel attending an international equine veterinary conference

Infection and colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are now increasingly being reported in animals and people who work with animals, including horses and horse personnel. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of MRSA colonization in veterinary personnel attending an international equine veterinary conference, and to identify risk factors for MRSA colonization in this group. Volunteers were recruited at the conference to provide a single nasal swab and complete a questionnaire regarding contact with the human health care system, contact with horses, and personal hand hygiene. Colonization with MRSA was found in 26/257 (10.1%) of study participants. Multivariable analysis showed an increased risk of MRSA colonization associated with having been diagnosed with or having treated a patient diagnosed with MRSA colonization or infection in the last year (odds ratio [OR] 8.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.51–49.92, P = 0.015; OR 3.27, 95% CI 1.05–10.11, P = 0.039, respectively), whereas hand washing between infectious cases (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.11–0.72, P = 0.009) and hand washing between farms (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.14–0.98, P = 0.047) were protective. The prevalence of MRSA colonization among equine veterinary personnel found in this study was high compared to that of other studies of the general population. These data support previous suggestions that equine veterinary personnel are at increased risk of colonization with MRSA. This is the first study to demonstrate a statistically significant association between hand hygiene practices and a measurable clinical outcome in veterinary medicine.     

Selected health and management issues facing working donkeys presented for veterinary treatment in rural Mexico: some possible risk factors and potential intervention strategies

The examination of 216 donkeys presented for treatment at the Donkey Sanctuary–World Horse Welfare–Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico mobile clinics revealed a number of health and welfare problems. A general overview of the donkeys’ health was made and showed that the median body condition score (BCS) in this population was 2.5. Underweight animals only accounted for 26% of the population. Females, 0–5-year-olds and >21-year-olds, were more likely to be underweight. When analysed, there was no correlation between faecal worm egg count (FEC) and BCS. The prevalence of strongyle infection as assessed by FEC was shown to be 80% with a median FEC of 600 eggs per gramme. Donkeys were assessed for body lesions and showed a high prevalence (71%), particularly in the facial region (54%). Analysis showed that mature animals (6–15 years old) were at increased risk of body lesions compared to older animals (16+ years old) as were donkeys with dental disease and those in particular villages. Risk factor analysis for lesions of the face showed that stallions and geldings are at increased risk as were donkeys wearing halters made from nylon rope. This study has identified areas for further investigation and potential areas where targeted interventions may be made to improve the health and welfare of working donkeys in Mexico.     

替米考星在兽医临床上应用的研究概况

替米考星 (Tilm icosin)是一种较新的由泰乐菌素半合成的大环内酯类畜禽专用抗生素 ,八十年代由英国 Elanco动物保健品公司开发成功。由于其特殊的抗菌活性和药动学特征 ,该药已被批准临床用于牛、山羊、绵羊、奶牛、猪、鸡等动物感染性疾病的防治 ,特别是畜禽呼吸道疾病 ,如家畜放线杆菌性胸膜肺炎、巴氏杆菌病和鸡霉形体病等及泌乳动物乳房炎的治疗。为了解替米考星及其应用 ,现将有关其抗菌活性、药动学、药效学、毒理学与临床应用等方面的研究分别概述如下。1　抗菌活性替米考星具有同泰乐菌素相似的广谱抗菌活性 ,对革兰氏阳性菌和某…