A Potential Autocrine Role for Interferon Tau in Ovine Trophectoderm

Interferon tau (IFNT), a type I IFN produced by the conceptus trophectoderm, is the signal for maternal pregnancy recognition in ruminants. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether IFNT effected on the proliferation of ovine trophectoderm cells in an autocrine manner. Elongated ovine conceptuses (Days 15, Day 0 = day of mating) were collected for isolation of mononuclear ovine trophectoderm (oTr‐1) cells, and conceptuses (Days 15 and 20, n = 4 and 3, respectively) were collected for RNA extraction. We demonstrated that the IFNT receptor, IFNAR1, was expressed in trophectoderm of day 15 and 20 conceptuses. Interestingly, the ovine trophectoderm cell line oTr‐1 cultured in the presence of recombinant bovine IFNT (rbIFNT) displayed increased expressions of IFN‐stimulated genes (ISGs), such as IFN‐stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), 2‐5‐oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) and bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2). Meanwhile, the presence of rbIFNT in the culture media could promote the cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, the connective tissue growth factor, which has diverse functions in cell proliferation and is involved in conceptus elongation, was upregulated in oTr‐1 cell by rbIFNT treatment in vitro. These data indicated that IFNT could act as an autocrine factor to regulate trophectoderm cell proliferation.     

精氨酸对干扰素-tau处理牛子宫内膜上皮细胞基因表达的影响

试验旨在研究精氨酸（Arg）对干扰素-tau（interferon-tau,IFNT）处理的牛子宫内膜上皮细胞的调控作用及其可能的机制。将牛子宫内膜上皮细胞接种至6孔细胞培养板中,当达到70%~80%融合度时,向细胞培养基中加入不同浓度的IFNT（0、100 ng/mL）,12 h后收集细胞检测未折叠蛋白反应（unfolded protein response,UPR）通路相关基因的表达情况;用不同浓度（0、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.5、1、2 mmol/L）Arg处理牛子宫内膜上皮细胞,24 h后用CCK8法检测其对增殖率的影响,筛选出Arg的最佳作用浓度;将子宫内膜上皮细胞随机分为Arg饥饿组、Arg饥饿+IFNT处理组、Arg添加+IFNT处理组,在Arg饥饿或添加处理6 h后加入100 ng/mL IFNT,IFNT处理12 h后检测UPR通路（BiP、PERK、CHOP、ATF6）、凋亡（BAX、Caspase9）和容受性（HOXA10）相关基因表达情况。结果显示,IFNT刺激可诱导牛子宫内膜上皮细胞UPR通路相关基因BiP、PERK、CHOP、ATF6的表达显著上调;0.5 mmol/L Arg可显著提高牛子宫内膜上皮细胞的增殖率（P<0.05）;Arg缺失可显著上调IFNT诱导下牛子宫内膜上皮细胞中BiP、PERK、CHOP、ATF6和BAX基因mRNA的表达（P<0.05）,并显著下调HOXA10基因mRNA的表达（P<0.05）,但对Caspase9基因mRNA表达无显著影响（P>0.05）。结果表明,Arg缺失可导致牛子宫内膜上皮细胞发生内质网应激,并影响子宫内膜宫受性的建立,可为进一步揭示Arg对牛子宫内膜的调控机制及制定减少妊娠早期胚胎丢失的营养调控策略提供参考。     

共表达牛病毒性腹泻病毒E0基因和牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒gD基因的重组质粒DNA构建及其对小鼠的免疫效应

本研究计划构建能同时表达牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)和牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒(IBRV)优势抗原基因的重组质粒并研究其免疫效果,旨在为BVD-IBR二联核酸疫苗的研制提供参考.采用PCR扩增目的基因E0及gD并将其依次连接至真核表达载体pVAX1-1RES中,构建pVAXl-E0-IRES-gD重组真核表达载体;将pVA...     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒NSP8蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及抗原表位的初步鉴定

为鉴定猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus,TGEV)NSP8蛋白的抗原表位,本研究对GST-NSP8重组蛋白进行了原核表达,并用纯化后的重组蛋白免疫6周龄BALB/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠脾脏,采用常规杂交瘤细胞融合方法,经3次亚克隆后制备了1株稳定分泌抗NSP8蛋白的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株。分泌的单克隆抗体亚类鉴定其重链为IgG1型,轻链为κ链;杂交瘤细胞培养上清的效价为1∶3 200。Western blotting试验结果表明该单克隆抗体能识别原核及真核表达的NSP8重组蛋白。利用截短表达的方法对NSP8蛋白进行抗原表位的鉴定,初步确定了单克隆抗体针对的抗原表位序列为31SPQILKQLTKAFNIAKSDFEREASV55。本研究制备的单克隆抗体及对抗原表位的鉴定,为TGEV NSP8蛋白相关功能的研究奠定了基础。     

牛源犬新孢子虫MAG1基因的克隆及在Vero细胞中表达

为了解牛源犬新孢子虫MAG1基因的生物学特性,本实验应用PCR技术扩增牛源犬新孢子虫MAG1基因,构建真核表达重组质粒pVAX-MAG1,将鉴定正确的pVAX-MAG1重组质粒转染Vero细胞,应用间接荧光检测方法(1FA)和western blot技术检测MAG1基因在Vero细胞中的表达.结果显示,扩增的牛源犬新孢子虫MAG1基因长度为1047bp,与GenBank中登录的MAG1 (EF580924.1)核苷酸序列同源性为99％,IFA检测MAG1基因在Vero细胞中获得瞬时表达,western blot分析表达蛋白的分子量为39 ku,具有较好的反应原性.本实验为新孢子虫病核酸疫苗与诊断试剂盒的研究奠定了基础.     

The effects of non-specifically activated immunity in rabbits on primary infestation with Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi

The secondary antibody response to sheep red blood cells and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was measured in rabbits infested with adult Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi. The response was reduced (particularly for BSA) but still displayed anamnestic characteristics. Resistance against ixodid ticks associated with antibodies detected by gel diffusion and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay techniques early in the primary challenge was acquired by the immunized hosts only. This suggests that a non-specifically activated immune system enables hosts to develop rapid resistance against tick parasitism.     

Canine corneal fibroblast and myofibroblast transduction with AAV5

Objective The aims of this study were (1) to determine the efficacy of adeno‐associated vector serotype 5 (AAV5) for delivering gene therapy to canine corneal fibroblasts (CCFs) and myofibroblasts (CCMs) using enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker gene and (2) to evaluate the cytotoxicity of AAV5 to CCFs and CCMs using an in vitro model. Methods Healthy donor canine corneas were used to generate primary CCFs by growing cultures in minimal essential medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Canine corneal myofibroblasts were produced by growing cultures in serum‐free medium containing transforming growth factor β1 (1 ng/mL). An AAV5 titer (6.5 × 10¹² μg/mL) expressing GFP under control of hybrid cytomegalovirus + chicken β‐actin promoters (AAV5‐gfp) was used to transduce CCF and CCM cultures. Delivered gene expression in CCFs and CCMs was quantified using immunocytochemistry, fluorescent microscopy, and real‐time PCR. Transduction efficacy of the AAV5 vector was determined by counting DAPI‐stained nuclei and EGFP‐positive cells in culture. Phase‐contrast microscopy, trypan blue, and dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were used to determine the toxicity and safety of AAV5 in this canine corneal model. Results Topical AAV5 application successfully transduced a significant population of CCFs (42.8%; P < 0.01) and CCMs (28%; P < 0.01). Tested AAV5 did not affect CCF or CCM phenotype or cellular viability and did not cause significant cell death. Conclusions The tested AAV5 is an effective and safe vector for canine corneal gene therapy in this in vitro model. In vivo studies are warranted.     

Effects of phenylalanine and threonine oligopeptides on milk protein synthesis in cultured bovine mammary epithelial cells

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of phenylalanine (Phe) and threonine (Thr) oligopeptides on α_s1 casein gene expression and milk protein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Primary mammary epithelial cells were obtained from Holstein dairy cows and incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium‐F12 medium (DMEM/F12) containing lactogenic hormones (prolactin and glucocorticoids). Free Phe (117 μg/ml) was substituted partly with peptide‐bound Phe (phenylalanylphenylalanine, phenylalanyl threonine, threonyl‐phenylalanyl‐phenylalanine) in the experimental media. After incubation with experimental medium, cells were collected for gene expression analysis and medium was collected for milk protein or amino acid determination. The results showed that peptide‐bound Phe at 10% (11.7 μg/ml) significantly enhanced α_s1 casein gene expression and milk protein synthesis as compared with equivalent amount of free Phe. When 10% Phe was replaced by phenylalanylphenylalanine, the disappearance of most essential amino acids increased significantly, and gene expression of peptide transporter 2 and some amino acid transporters was significantly enhanced. These results indicate that the Phe and Thr oligopeptides are important for milk protein synthesis, and peptide‐bound amino acids could be utilised more efficiently in milk protein synthesis than the equivalent amount of free amino acids.     

牛源坏死梭杆菌43K外膜蛋白的黏附特性研究

旨在明确牛源坏死梭杆菌43K OMP的黏附特性。将43K OMP基因克隆连接至pET-32a载体,转化入大肠杆菌BL21 DE3中,通过IPTG诱导进行原核表达,应用黏附试验、天然蛋白竞争试验、抗体抑制试验和蛋白酶水解试验,明确牛源坏死梭杆菌43K OMP的黏附性,同时将纯化的重组蛋白和提取的天然43K OMP与牛子宫内膜细胞和牛乳腺上皮细胞共孵育,观察43K OMP对细胞的黏附作用。结果显示：43K OMP基因克隆到pET-32a载体中,随后在大肠杆菌BL21 DE3以包涵体形式成功表达;携带重组质粒(H2019)的大肠杆菌经IPTG诱导后,与空载体对照相比,与宿主细胞的结合显著增强(P<0.05);天然43K OMP与细胞共孵育后,黏附细胞的细菌数量显著降低(P<0.05);H2019与43K OMP多抗或单抗预孵育后,显著降低黏附宿主细胞的细菌数量(P<0.05);经不同浓度蛋白酶K处理H2019后,黏附细胞的细菌数量显著降低(P<0.05),且与蛋白酶K浓度呈现剂量依赖关系。同时,43K OMP天然蛋白和重组蛋白能黏附于牛子宫内膜细胞和乳腺上皮细胞表面。...     

In Vitro Culture and Differentiation of Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Spermatogonia

The objective of this study was to develop a culture system which could support buffalo spermatogonia differentiation into spermatids in vitro. Testes from 3‐ to 5‐month‐old buffaloes were decapsulated and seminiferous tubules were enzymatically dissociated to recover spermatogonia and sertoli cells. The cells were cultured in modified Dulbecco modified Eagle medium supplemented with different concentrations of foetal bovine serum, retinol, testosterone for 2 months at 37°C. Spermatogonia and sertoli cells were identified with an antibody against c‐kit or GATA4, respectively. The viability of spermatogonia in the media supplemented with different concentrations of serum was all significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared with that in the medium without serum. A‐paired or A‐aligned spermatogonia and spermatogonial colonies (AP‐positive) were observed after 7–10 days of culture and spermatid‐like cells with a flagellum (6–8 μm) appeared after 30 days of culture. For cultured conditions, retinol could not significantly promote the formation of spermatid‐like cells (p > 0.05), whereas supplementation of testosterone could significantly promote (p < 0.05) the formation of spermatid‐like cells after 41 days of culture. The expression of the spermatid‐specific marker gene (PRM2) was identified after 30 days of culture by RT‐PCR. Yet, the transition protein 1 (TP1, a haploid makers) was not detected. Meanwhile, spermatids developed in vitro were also confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. These results suggest that buffalo spermatogonia could differentiate into spermatids in vitro based on the analysis of their morphology, PRM2 expression and Raman spectroscopy. Yet, the normality of the spermatid‐like cells was not supported by TP1 expression.     

Laboratory Animal Science: A Resource to Improve the Quality of Science

The 24 kDa protein from the gag of the bovine leukaemia virus was cloned and expressed as a fusion protein GST-p24. This recombinant protein was then used to immunize a Leghorn chicken. The partially purified chicken anti-GST IgY was used to develop a solid-phase assay by binding the IgY to an ELISA plate. When the fusion protein contacts the antibody, it binds it by its N-terminal, leaving the C-terminal, which carries the sequence that acts as a capture antigen in solution maximally exposed, reducing the risk of epitope masking. The conditions of the fusion protein on the solid phase maximize the presentation of the antigens' epitopes in solution. For the first time, a system has been developed with a non-mammalian coating antibody. Besides optimizing the recognition of low-molecular-weight antigens synthesized as fusion proteins, it avoids cross-reactions with commonly used secondary antibodies, mostly raised in mammalian hosts.     

Expression of Recombinant bovine L-selectin in Escherichia coli and insect cells.

Bovine L-selectin was expressed in bacteria using pGEX vector and in insect cells infected with recombinant baculovirus in order to obtain recombinant protein for preparation of specific antiserum and its functional studies. In bacterial expression, L-selectin fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase was detected in the insoluble fraction with the expected molecular weight of 60 kDa by SDS-PAGE and reacted with anti-bovine CD62L monoclonal antibody in immunoblot analysis. In insect cells infected with recombinant baculovirus, a band corresponding to L-selectin was not observed in SDS-PAGE with protein staining, but they apparently reacted with anti-bovine CD62L monoclonal antibody in immunoblot analysis. Furthermore, the indirect immunofluorescence test revealed that bovine L-selectin was efficiently expressed on the surface of Sf9 cells infected with recombinant baculovirus, and flow cytometric analysis showed that the percentage of CD62L positive cells in bovine PBMC was about 66% and that most Sf9 cells infected with recombinant baculovirus had specific immunofluorescence.     

3种中毒性弧菌融合毒素基因的表达与免疫学性质研究

为构建3种中毒性弧菌多联融合毒素基因及重组表达载体,制备多联融合毒素的血清抗体,本试验采用柔性Linker序列（Gly₄Ser）对目的基因进行串联（tdh-vvhA-ctB）,构建重组表达质粒pET-22b（+）-TVC并在原核表达载体内进行表达,将表达蛋白纯化后免疫动物制备多联融合毒素血清抗体,利用琼脂扩散试验和酶联免疫吸附试验验证抗体的特异性与敏感性。结果表明,试验成功构建了多联融合毒素重组表达质粒pET-22b（+）-TVC,并在原核表达载体内成功表达,表达量为11.38%,表达蛋白主要为包涵体,少量为可溶性蛋白,基因序列全长2 196 bp,编码731个氨基酸,蛋白分子质量为81.7 ku,测序结果与设计序列同源性为99.6%。ELISA和琼脂扩散试验表明,融合毒素TVC与3种目标中毒性弧菌均发生反应,与多种非目标菌均不反应。本试验成功构建了多联融合毒素基因的表达质粒并制备了抗血清,为利用重组毒素的方法检测目标毒素,进而建立更广谱的食物中毒菌快速检测方法奠定基础。     

Expression and Immunological Character Research of Three Kinds of Food-poisoning Vibrio Poly-recombinant Toxin Gene

In this study,tdh-vvhA-ctB was constructed using the flexible Linker sequence (Gly₄Ser) in order to construct three kinds of food-poisoning Vibrio poly-recombinant toxin gene and recombinant expression vector. The recombinant expression plasmid pET-22b(+)-TVC was constructed and expressed in prokaryotic expression vector. The animals were immunized using the expressed protein after purification to get serum antibody. The specificity and sensitivity of the antibody were verified by agar diffusion test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The results showed that the recombinant expressing plasmid pET-22b(+)-TVC was constructed and expressed successfully in prokaryotic expression vector, the expression level was 11.38%. The expressed protein was mainly inclusion body and a small amount of soluble protein. The gene length was 2 196 bp, encoding 731 amino acids with molecular weight of 81.7 ku. The results were 99.6% homologous to the designed sequence. Agar diffusion reaction and ELISA tests indicated the poly-recombinant toxin TVC could product different immune intersect reaction with other food-poisoning Vibrios but not react with some no-objective bacteria. Expression plasmid of poly-recombinant toxin gene was constructed and serum antibody was prepared successfully. It might be used to check the objective toxin based on the poly-recombinant toxin gene and established the board-spectrum, quick, special detecting way to lay the theoretical and technical basis.     

Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP‐4) and BMP‐7 induce vascular endothelial growth factor expression in bovine granulosa cells

Bone morphogenetic protein‐4 (BMP‐4) and BMP‐7, theca cell‐derived growth factors, directly affect the granulosa cell function. The aim of this study was to examine the involvement of BMP‐4 or BMP‐7 in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in bovine granulosa cells. Granulosa cells were collected from small follicles (4–6 mm) and seeded at a density of 2–5 × 10⁵ cells per well in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)/F12 medium with BMP‐4 or BMP‐7. The expression of VEGF messenger RNA and protein was the maximum when 1.0 ng/mL of BMP‐4 was added to the culture medium. On the other hand, 10 ng/mL of BMP‐7 significantly increased the expression of the VEGF gene and protein. In addition, BMP‐4 stimulated the expression of Smad1 and Smad5 genes in granulosa cells, whereas BMP‐7 stimulated the expression of Smad5 gene. These results suggested that BMP‐4 and BMP‐7 may be associated with VEGF expression via several specific Smads in bovine granulosa cells: BMP‐4 via Smad1/Smad5 and BMP‐7 via Smad5. In conclusion, theca cell‐derived BMP‐4 and BMP‐7 might contribute to follicular vasculature and development by inducing VEGF expression in granulosa cells.     

牛IRF7蛋白的原核表达及多克隆抗体的制备

本研究旨在通过原核表达系统表达牛干扰素调节因子7（interferon regulatory factor 7,IRF7）蛋白,并对其进行纯化,进而制备高纯度的牛IRF7兔多克隆抗体。使用生物信息学软件预测并分析牛IRF7潜在的生物学功能,参考GenBank已公布的牛IRF7基因序列（登录号：NM_001105040.1）设计引物,利用PCR技术从牛病毒性腹泻病毒（Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV）感染的MDBK细胞中扩增牛IRF7基因,连接至pMD19-T克隆载体,提取质粒连接至原核表达载体pET-28a （+）,转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,构建重组质粒pET-28a-IRF7。将重组质粒pET-28a-IRF7转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）感受态细胞,经IPTG诱导后,通过SDS-PAGE进行表达产物的分析与鉴定。通过Western blotting鉴定多克隆抗体的特异性,间接ELISA测定兔抗牛IRF7多克隆抗体效价,经BVDV感染细胞后,实时荧光定量PCR检测抗病毒因子IRF7的表达。生物信息学分析发现,IRF7蛋白不存在跨膜结构域,无信号肽,存在较多磷酸化位点,二级结构主要以无规则卷曲为主,与三级结构的三维模型一致,说明该蛋白可能存在很好的抗原潜力。PCR成功扩增出大小为1 497 bp的IRF7基因片段,成功表达牛IRF7蛋白,分子质量约为60 ku,间接ELISA测得兔抗牛IRF7多克隆抗体效价为1∶128 000,并可与牛IRF7蛋白发生免疫反应,感染BVDV毒株的MDBK细胞中IRF7表达量下降;BVDV感染过表达IRF7后的细胞发现,IRF7能显著促进干扰素-β（IFN-β）的表达（P<0.05）。综上,本研究成功表达纯化了牛IRF7蛋白,并制备兔抗牛IRF7多克隆抗体,为阐明牛IRF7在先天免疫抗病毒应答的分子机制提供了材料。     

猪细小病毒结构蛋白VP2主要抗原表位区基因的克隆及原核表达

本文参照GenBank发表的猪细小病毒结构蛋白VP2基因序列,设计一对引物,通过PCR方法扩增出一段包含VP2主要抗原表位编码区的片段,产物克隆到pGEM-T载体上,酶切后插入原核表达载体pET-32(a)的T7启动子下游,构建的重组质粒pET-VP2经IPTG诱导,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中获得了高效表达。SDS-PAGE结果显示,表达产物分子量为39.1KDa,主要以包涵体形式存在。BandScan分析,表达量约占菌体蛋白的65.2%。表达产物用His亲和层析柱纯化。Western blotting结果显示,该种蛋白能与阳性血清发生特异性反应。结果说明,该重组蛋白具有抗原性,可以作为鉴别诊断用抗原。     

自身启动子控制的卡那霉素抗性基因在哺乳动物细胞中表达的检测

为了研究卡那霉素抗性(KanR)基因能否在哺乳动物细胞中表达以及用含相同抗性基因重组质粒防治奶牛乳腺炎的安全性,用PCR从重组质粒p215C3LYZ中扩增得KanR基因,将其克隆入原核表达载体pQE-31,用含卡那霉素(Kan)琼脂平板筛选得KanR重组菌,经IPTG诱导成功表达了预期大小的Kan抗性融合蛋白;用纯化的重组蛋白免疫小鼠,获得了Kan抗性蛋白抗血清,经Western blotting证明免疫血清特异性良好;分别用重组质粒pQE-Kan和p215C3LYZ转染COS-1细胞,在不含抗生素培养液中培养后分别收集细胞上清和细胞裂解物;将转染细胞上清分为添加和不加Kan组,接种Kan敏感菌DH5α大肠杆菌,培养物的OD600检测结果显示,添加组的指示菌生长被抑制,转染细胞上清中无Kan抗性蛋白表达;以Kan抗性蛋白免疫血清进行的Western blotting结果显示,转染细胞内无Kan抗性蛋白表达;将p215C3LYZ注射奶牛乳腺,用脱脂和浓缩奶样进行Western blotting检测,结果显示试验牛乳中也无Kan抗性蛋白表达。这些试验结果提示,来源于原核大肠杆菌的KanR基因启动子在动物细胞中无转录活性,乳腺注射含KanR基因的重组质粒不会表达对奶牛和人体有害的Kan抗性蛋白。