猪CD4分子的全长cDNA克隆与序列分析

CD4分子为动物辅助性T细胞（TH）和部分胸腺细胞的共受体与信号传导分子，参与TCR介导的TH细胞活化和胸腺细胞分化过程。本研究应用RT-PCR和RACE技术从猪胸腺细胞总RNA中扩增克隆了猪CD4全长cDNA序列，并进行了序列特性分析。序列分析结果表明，在猪胸腺细胞和外周血淋巴细胞中存在2种方式剪接的CD4 mRNA转录本，其中一种mRNA转录本缺失编码40个氨基酸残基的120nt序列，提示该转录本可能编码猪分泌型CD4分子；猪CD4全长cDNA序列为2715nt。其中5′非编码区159nt，3′非编码区1183nt，1374nt的开放阅读框编码457个氨基酸的猪CD4前体蛋白（含4个糖基化住点）；猪CD4分子的7个Cys残基（Cys^43、Cys^122、Cys^327、Cys^418、Cys^421、Cys^444和Cys^446）和2个Ser残基（Ser^432和Ser^439）在动物种间保守；在猪CD4分子胞浆区．存在高度保守的Src家族蛋白酪氨酸激酶p56^kk。识别位点KKTCQC和内化相关双亮氨酸基序。推导氨基酸序列分析结果显示，猪与人、免、猫、狗和鼠CD4蛋白的氨基酸同源性分别为56．0％，54．5％。56．9％，56．5％和44．9％。     

藏猪r-干扰素基因cDNA的克隆及序列分析

将藏猪外周血淋巴细胞进行体外培养，在Con A 的刺激下培养70h后，提取培养的淋巴细胞总RNA，应用RT-PCR技术扩增藏猪淋巴细胞r-干扰素cDNA(TPr-INF)，并克隆到pMD-T载体上，进行测序。结果显示：克隆的TPr-INF cDNA全长为545个碱基，ORF为501个碱基，编码166个氨基酸，分子量为19．4ku，等电点为10．29。此cDNA与牛、马的r-INF同源性分别为86％和81％，与猪的r-INF同源性为100％，证明克隆到了藏猪的r-干扰素cDNA。     

梅花鹿茸角组织BSPⅡ基因全长cDNA的克隆及序列特征分析

从梅花鹿鹿茸尖端组织全长cDNA文库中克隆了与骨形成和骨改建有关的一种新的骨生长因子BSPⅡ基因的全长cDNA序列,并结合生物信息学方法和实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术对该基因的氨基酸序列及其在鹿茸尖端不同组织层的表达情况进行了分析。结果表明,BSPⅡ基因cDNA全长为1576bp,编码311个氨基酸。经生物信息学分析表明,该基因编码的蛋白具有N端信号肽及跨膜区,相对分子质量为34100,理论等电点为4．05,其一级结构中谷氨酸所占比例最高;二级结构元件主要以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主;同源序列分析表明,梅花鹿与欧洲牛BSPⅡ氨基酸的相似性最高（93％）;多重序列比对显示,此蛋白的N-端和68～215、265～308位谷氨酸富集区高度保守;系统进化树显示,在该基因座位上梅花鹿与马的亲缘关系较近,来源于同一个分化支。实时荧光定量RT—PCR分析表明,该基因的表达与鹿茸组织的矿化进程呈显著正相关,推测该基因在鹿茸组织矿化过程中起到了重要的调节作用。     

鹿茸尖端组织核心蛋白多糖基因全长cDNA的克隆及其表达分析

为了进一步了解鹿源DCN基因的结构与功能,揭示该基因在鹿茸尖端不同组织层的表达规律,本研究从梅花鹿鹿茸尖端组织cDNA文库中首次克隆具有完整编码区的DCN基因全长cDNA序列,并结合生物信息学方法和实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术对该基因的氨基酸序列结构和表达特征进行分析.结果表明,梅花鹿DCN基因cDNA全长为1 831 bp,编码360个氨基酸;其编码蛋白具有N端信号肽,相对分子质量为39.9 ku,理论等电点为8.8,其一级结构中亮氨酸所占比例最高(12.5%);梅花鹿与绵羊DCN氨基酸序列的相似性最高(98%).实时荧光定量RT-PCR分析表明,DCN在间充质层的表达显著高于其他3层组织,提示DCN的抗纤维化活性可能是维持鹿茸间充质层快速生长的重要调节因素.     

蒙古绵羊Bcl-2基因cDNA的克隆及序列分析

为扩增蒙古绵羊bcl-2基因全序列,根据Gen Bank上已公布的牛的序列,设计了3条引物。从蒙古绵羊脾中提取总RNA,采用RT-PCR,技术扩增出bcl-2的c DNA,并重组到p Blueselect T载体,经限制性内切酶谱分析和DNA序列测定,证实所克隆的c DNA为bcl-2,因为该c DNA包含由687个碱基组成的开放读码框(ORF),该ORF编码229个氨基酸。经比对,与牛的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列的同源性分别为95.5%和93.4%。     

猪CD3∈分子的cDNA克隆与序列分析

应用RT-PCR和3′RACE技术,本研究从猪外周血淋巴细胞总RNA中扩增克隆了猪CD3ε基因并进行了序列分析。序列分析结果表明,猪CD3εcDNA序列长1241nt,其中5′非翻译区80nt,3′非翻译区570nt,开放阅读框591nt,该开放阅读框编码196个氨基酸残基的CD3ε前体蛋白(无糖基化位点);在猪CD3ε蛋白的胞外区,Cys49、Cys91、Cys108和Cys111为保守性氨基酸残基,它们与CD3ε免疫球蛋白样结构的形成有关。在猪CD3ε蛋白胞浆区,存在免疫受体酪氨酸活化基序(ITAM)、内质网潴留基序和1个SH3结合基序,其中ITAM基序含有2个SH2结合基序和2个潜在酪氨酸磷酸化位点Tyr177和Tyr188,这些基序是猪CD3分子参与T细胞活化信号转导和TCR-CD3复合体装配的结构基础。推导氨基酸序列分析结果表明,猪与人、鼠、狗、牛和绵羊CD3ε蛋白的氨基酸同源性分别为61.2%、58.7%、58.7%、65.1%和65.6%。     

结缕草肌动蛋白基因全长cDNA的克隆及序列分析

根据植物肌动蛋白(Actin)基因编码区的保守序列设计引物,提取结缕草叶片的总RNA,进行RT-PCR。并采用RACE技术扩增出1560bp的Actin基因全长cDNA序列。序列分析表明,该基因的开放阅读框(ORF)为1134bp,编码377个氨基酸,5′非编码区117bp,3′非编码区309bp。所得序列与GenBank中收录的其他植物肌动蛋白核苷酸序列的一致性均在85%以上,氨基酸序列的一致性高达97%以上。将其命名为ZjACT,GenBank登录号为GU290545。根据高等植物肌动蛋白相似性构建的系统进化树显示,结缕草肌动蛋白与大麦和圆锥小麦肌动蛋白之间的亲缘关系最为密切,在进化中分化时间最为接近。进一步分离克隆了结缕草Actin基因的基因组DNA序列(登录号GU290546),它由4个外显子和3个内含子组成。本研究有助于揭示植物Actin基因家族的进化历史,为研究植物Actin基因家族功能和进化上的多样性奠定理论基础,同时也为开展草坪草和牧草Actin基因的功能分析和利用研究提供参考。     

猪Toll样受体7 cDNA的克隆及序列分析

本研究应用RT—PCR和RACE技术从肠系膜淋巴结组织总RNA中克隆出猪Toll样受体7（Toll—likere—ceptor7,TLR7）的cDNA序列。分析结果表明,克隆到的序列全长3834bp（GenBank登录号：EF469730）,其3150bp的开放阅读框编码1050个氨基酸残基的猪Toll样受体7蛋白。推导的氨基酸序列分析显示,在猪TLR7的胞外区,具有LRR-RI结构域,胞内具有TIR结构域,表现出典型的TLR家族结构特征,同源性分析结果显示,TLR7在进化过程中具有高度保守性,与牛、狗、人、猫和小鼠的氨基酸序列同源性分别为90．8％、87．4％、84．9％、86．7％和78．2％。     

山羊小热休克蛋白Hspb10基因cDNA克隆及序列分析

通过RT-PCR和RACE方法克隆了山羊Hspb10基因cDNA序列并进行了序列分析。结果表明:山羊Hspb10 cDNA全长1 056 bp,编码区全长780 bp,共编码259个氨基酸,提交至GenBank数据库中,收录号为JX067553。用Clustal W方法比对不同物种氨基酸序列同源性,山羊Hspb10与牛的同源性最高,核苷酸和氨基酸序列相似性分别为93.4%和96.5%;编码氨基酸序列BLAST比对结果也表明,哺乳动物Hspb10氨基酸序列极为保守,与禽类差异较大。获得山羊Hspb10 cDNA序列,可以为分子水平上研究山羊Hspb10的生物学功能奠定基础。     

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of pig CD7

CD7 is an integral membrane protein which mediates an important signal to mediate the differentiation, activation, and regulation of some T cells and NK cells. However, only human and mouse CD7 have been identified and studied among mammalian species. In this study, we cloned pig CD7 cDNA and determined its complete cDNA sequence. Pig CD7 cDNA contained an open reading frame (627 bp) encoding 208 amino acids with well conserved motifs involved in signal transduction within cytoplasmic tail among mammalian species. Pig CD7 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR in mainly lymphoid tissues, indicating the conserved functions of CD7 in pigs. Moreover, we generated soluble pig CD7 fusion immunoglobulin (pig CD7Ig) containing extracellular domain of pig CD7 to test whether pig CD7 binds to pig galectin-3. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry analyses indicated that soluble pig CD7Ig can bind to galectin-3 expressed in macrophages and epithelial cells of small intestine. These results help to analyze the structural relationship between CD7 and its ligand transferring signal transduction among mammalian species.     

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of pig CD81

CD81, also known as TAPA-1 (target of antiproliferative antibody 1), is a member of the tetraspanin family of proteins and a component of the B cell co-receptor complex. Several studies have shown that CD81 plays significant roles in a variety of immune responses, including activation of B cells and T cells. In this study, we cloned pig Cd81 cDNA using RT-PCR coupled with rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)-PCR and determined the complete cDNA sequence of pig Cd81. Pig Cd81 cDNA contains an open reading frame (711 bp) encoding 236 amino acids. The identity of pig CD81 with those of human, cattle, rat, and mouse are 90.30%, 92.26%, 86.22%, and 86.22%, respectively. Alignment of the CD81 amino acid sequence with those of mammalian species showed that the large extracellular loop (LEL) is the most divergent, whereas other domains are largely conserved. Pig Cd81 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR in a broad range of tissues, including lymphoid tissues as well as nonlymphoid tissues, indicated variety of cellular functions of CD81 in most pig tissues. Flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that human CD81 antibody recognizes a pig CD81 on the cell surface. Further, immunohistochemistry analysis using human CD81 antibody on pig spleen was revealed that CD81 expression is widely diffused in spleen tissue. Future study will be focused on defining the functional role of CD81 during the course of pig infectious diseases.     

结缕草ZjCSD基因的克隆及表达分析

铜锌超氧化物歧化酶是植物响应逆境胁迫过程中的关键酶,其含量和活性与植物抗逆性密切相关。本研究以结缕草cDNA为模板,利用同源克隆法,从结缕草转录组数据库中克隆获得了结缕草ZjCSD基因,该基因编码一个含有152个氨基酸的蛋白质。生物信息学分析结果显示:ZjCSD基因编码蛋白为稳定的、亲水的、酸性、非分泌脂溶蛋白,定位于细胞质中,含有CSD蛋白家族特有的保守结构域,具有典型的Cu²⁺和Zn²⁺结合位点;与小米、玉米等禾本科植物具有较高的同源性,进化关系较近。采用实时荧光定量PCR研究该基因在不同组织中、不同胁迫处理下的表达模式,结果表明,ZjCSD基因在根、茎、叶中都有表达,叶中表达量最高;干旱胁迫(30% PEG)、盐胁迫(150 mmol/L NaCl)和Cd²⁺胁迫(200 mg/L Cd²⁺)均能诱导ZjCSD基因表达量上调,Pb²⁺胁迫(1 g/L Pb²⁺)诱导ZjCSD基因表达量下调。故推测结缕草ZjCSD基因在结缕草应对干旱、盐和重金属胁迫的过程中发挥作用。     

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of pig CD79alpha

The CD79alpha (immunoglobulin alpha, Igalpha), a part of B cell receptor (BCR) complex, forms a heterodimer with CD79beta (Igbeta) and plays an important role in the B cell signaling. In this study, we have cloned pig Cd79a cDNA using RT-PCR and determined the complete cDNA sequence of pig Cd79a. Pig Cd79a cDNA contains an open reading frame (672bp) encoding 223 amino acids. The putative amino acid identity of pig CD79alpha with those of human, cattle and mouse are 70.4, 81.4, and 67.7%, respectively. Alignment of the CD79alpha amino acid sequence with those of mammalian species showed that the extracellular domain is the most divergent, whereas transmembrane region and cytoplasmic tail including immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) are largely conserved. Pig Cd79a mRNA was detected mainly in lymphoid tissues by RT-PCR. The highest level of Cd79a mRNA expression was observed in mesenteric lymph node and spleen. Relatively low level of Cd79a mRNA expression was observed in lung, thymus and small intestine. The lowest level of Cd79a mRNA expression was observed in large intestine. Flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that human CD79alpha antibody recognizes a CD79alpha in pig B cells. Further, immunohistochemistry analysis using human CD79alpha antibody on pig spleen was revealed that CD79alpha is strongly expressed in the follicular mantle zone rather than in the germinal center. Future study will be focused on defining the functional role of CD79alpha during the course of pig infectious diseases and the formation of neoplasm.     

Molecular cloning of type I collagen cDNA and nutritional regulation of type I collagen mRNA expression in grass carp

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) are important Chinese freshwater fish, and in China, the faba bean has been used as the sole food source for grass carp to transform them into crisp grass carp. Because of this, crisp grass carp has become an economically important fish because of its increased muscle hardness. To study the nutritional regulation of type I collagen in faba bean‐fed grass carp, we isolated type I collagen alpha 2 (COL1A2) on the basis of our isolation of COL1A1. The COL1A2 cDNA was found to be 4899 bp in length and included a 4059‐bp coding sequence (CDS) and encoded a polypeptide of 1352 AA. The protein peptide molecular weight was 127.39 kD, and the theoretical isoelectric point was 9.37. The COL1A2 protein possessed five α‐helixes, eight β‐sheets, 16 regions of triple helical repeats, 21 low‐complexity regions, 10 function domains and two zinc‐binding sites; however, no calcium‐binding sites were observed. The mRNA expression of COL1A1 and COL1A2 was assessed in eight tissues (muscle, hepatopancreas, intestine, gills, skin, fin, kidney and spleen) from grass carp and crisp grass carp by semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR. Expression of COL1A1 in the muscle, intestines and skin of crisp grass carp was higher than that in grass carp, and expression of COL1A2 in the muscle, gills, fin and skin of crisp grass carp was higher than that in grass carp. In the muscle of crisp grass carp, expression of COL1A1 and COL1A2 was higher than that in grass carp, which was further confirmed by real‐time PCR, and collagen content also was enhanced. These results demonstrated that type I collagen was closely related to the increased muscle hardness of faba bean‐fed grass carp.     

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of the canine chemokine receptor CCR9

The chemokine receptor CCR9, which interacts with the thymus-expressed chemokine TECK/CCL25, contributes to the localization of lymphocytes to the small intestine, and is implicated in the development of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, their role in canine IBD is unknown. The objective of this study was to isolate cDNA encoding CCR9 and to investigate CCR9 expression in normal canine tissues and lymphoid cell lines. The complete open reading frame contained 1104 bp, encoding 367 amino acids, with 85% and 81% identity to human and mouse homologs, respectively. CCR9 mRNA was detected in all tissues investigated with the highest expression level in the small intestine. CCR9 mRNA was also expressed in GL-1, a canine B cell leukemia cell line, but not in CLBL-1, a canine B cell lymphoma cell line. Immunoblot and flow cytometry analyses of these cell lines using an anti-human CCR9 monoclonal antibody revealed that CCR9 protein expression was detected only in GL-1, indicating the cross-reactivity of the antibody. Using the antibody, flow cytometry showed that the proportions of CCR9(+) cells were small (mean, 4.88%; SD, 2.15%) in the normal canine PBMCs. This study will be useful in understanding canine intestinal immunity and the immunopathogenesis of canine IBD.     

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of porcine gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT)

A porcine interferon-gamma-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) cDNA, designated pGILT, was cloned by RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) strategies. The full-length cDNA of pGILT consists of 1,062 bp with a 741 bp open reading frame, encoding 246 amino acids, with a putative molecular weight of 29.5 kDa. The deduced pGILT possesses the typical structural feature of mammalian GILT, including an active-site CXXC motif, a GILT signature sequence CQHGX(2)ECX(2)NX(4)C, and 10 conserved cysteines. The genomic DNA sequence of pGILT contains seven exons and six introns, which is similar to vertebrate GILT exon-intron organization. The result of real-time PCR showed that GILT is expressed in many tissues in the pig, including spleen, liver, lung, heart, intestine, blood and kidney. And the pGILT expression is obviously up-regulated in spleen and blood after induction with LPS. These results suggesting that pGILT is highly likely to play a role in the innate immune responses in porcine. It also provided the basis for investigations on the role of GILT in this important domestic species and an animal model for human diseases.