双抗夹心——ELISA诊断兔隐孢子虫病初步研究

本文报道了应用双抗夹心－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测兔粪便中隐孢子虫卵囊抗原方法的建立，试验所用抗体为抗小球隐孢子虫（Ｃ．ｐａｒｖｕｍ）卵囊壁的单克隆抗体，经过２０头份兔粪便样本分别进行抗酸染色和双抗夹心－ＥＬＩＳＡ试验，结果抗酸染色法检出８份有隐孢子虫卵囊，而ＥＬＩＳＡ法除对抗酸染色阳性的８份粪样判为阳性外，还对抗酸染色阴性外，还对抗酸染色阴性的１份粪样判为阳性，并不与兔球虫粪便发生类属反应，此外，本试验还在     

双抗夹心─ELISA诊断兔隐孢子虫病初步研究

本文报道了应用双抗夹心─ＥＬＩＳＡ检测兔粪便中隐孢子虫卵囊抗原方法的建立。试验所用抗体为抗小球隐孢子虫（Ｃ．ｐａｒｖｕｍ）卵囊壁的单克隆抗体，经对２０头份兔粪便样本分别进行抗酸染色和双抗夹心─ＥＬＩＳＡ试验．结果抗酸染色法检出８份有隐孢子虫卵囊，而ＥＬＩＳＡ法除对抗酸染色阳性的８份粪样判为阳性外，还对抗酸染色阴性的１份粪样判为阳性；并不与兔球虫粪便发生类属反应。此外，本试验还在稀释液中加入ＥＤＴＡ，并增加了反应温度，使得试验在抗体包被反应板并封闭完成后３０分钟结束整个检测过程。     

抗酸染色法对隐孢子虫卵囊的检查

本试验主要是为探明抗酸染色法在隐孢子虫病诊断中的作用和特异性。为了证明改良抗酸染色对隐孢子虫卵囊的特异性和敏感性,用改良抗酸染色法对相似原虫进行染色。结果显示只有隐孢子虫卵囊和鞭虫卵染成红色,其他虫卵不着色。鞭虫卵外形和体积与隐孢子虫卵囊相差非常大,很容易区别。其他粪样材料呈现绿色,有些结构也可染成红色,从外形和大小上很容易与隐孢子虫卵囊相区别。     

ELISA双抗体夹心法诊断犬冠状病毒肠炎

从冠状病毒（ＣＣＶ）阳性病犬粪便提取物中提纯抗原，制备豚鼠抗血清，用饱和硫酸铵盐析法粗提，再经ＱＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ５０离子柱层析，提取ＩｇＧ，以辣根过氧化物酶（ＨＲＰ）标记，制备酶标抗体，按ＥＬＩＳＡ双抗体夹心法操作术式，建立检测犬冠状病毒的ＥＬＩＳＡ双抗体夹心法，诊断犬冠状病毒肠炎粪样，并以电镜检查比较，证明该法特异、敏感，可在４小时内报告结果。     

隐孢子虫病两种诊断方法的应用比较

目的对目前常用的两种检测隐孢子虫感染方法进行估价。方法取上海某牧场随机采集的20头奶牛粪便用改良抗酸染色法和巢式PCR(Nested PCR)法检测。结果两种方法均能检测出粪便中的隐孢子虫卵囊,改良抗酸染色法阳性检测率55%,Nested PCR法阳性检测率70%。结论:两种方法均能从感染隐孢子虫的奶牛粪便中捡出隐孢子虫卵囊,可根据需要选择。     

隐孢子虫卵囊部分特性研究

本试验对小球隐孢子虫卵囊、鼠隐孢子虫卵囊以及新发现的隐孢子虫亚型卵囊的抗酸染色特性进行了观察，发现只有小球隐孢子虫卵囊具有酸染色特性。     

Dot—ELISA检测牛副结核病抗体的研究

本文利用提纯的副结核分枝杆菌胞浆特异性抗原，建立了检测牛副结核抗体的Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ方法，用该方法对粪便培养阳性性的３２头份牛副结核病血清检测，检出２７头，阳性检出率为８４．４％，其敏感性与ＥＬＩＳＡ相似，与１０头ＯＴ变态反应阳性牛血清检测，无交叉反应。Ｍ－ｐｈｌｅｉＭ．ｆｏｒｔｕｉｔｕｍ．Ｍ．ｋａｎｓａｓｉｉ人工高兔血清经两次用Ｍ．ｐｈｌｅｉ悬液吸收，用建立的Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ方法也无交叉反应     

贵州山羊隐孢子虫病的病原诊断及分析

在息锋、修文、龙里、罗甸采集羔羊粪样 2 2 2份 ,进行隐孢子虫病感染调查 ,每份粪样涂片分别采用改良抗酸染色法和沙黄 -美蓝染色法染色镜检查到卵囊 ,结果阳性 12 4份 ,阴性 98份 ,感染率为 5 5 .86 % ;采用蔗糖梯度离心法 ,检测每克粪便中含卵囊为 1.5 42× 10 5个 ,在 40× 12 .5倍光镜下测量卵囊的大小值为 (3.333× 3.6 6 6 ) μm～ (6 .6 6 6× 6 .9993) μm ,平均值为 (4 .317× 4.75 2 8) μm ,根据染色形态、大小等特征 ,初步诊断为小隐孢子虫 (C .Panvum)。     

奶牛隐孢子虫病流行病学调查及初生犊牛感染试验

应用饱和糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法调查郑州、商丘和洛阳3个地区的5个奶牛场、2个专业村的582份粪样，查出阳性样品64份，隐孢子虫总阳性率11％（64／582），发现两种不同形态的卵囊，根据其形态结构等特点鉴定为小球隐孢子虫（C．parvum）和安氏隐孢子虫（C．andersoni）。其中2个场奶牛感染安氏隐孢子虫，有1个场的奶牛感染小球隐孢子虫，且感染强度较小。犊牛感染率较育成牛、成年牛高。并进行小球隐孢子虫分离株对初生犊牛的致病性试验，其结果为潜隐期7天，排卵囊高峰出现在感染后第16天，高峰期5天。剖检后消化道黏膜经抗酸染色鉴定，仅在回肠中段发现卵囊。     

贵州省部分地区山羊隐孢子虫病的调查分析

我们在息烽、修文、龙里、罗甸采集羔羊粪样222份,进行隐孢子虫病感染调查,每份粪样涂片分别用改良抗酸染色法和沙黄一美蓝染色法镜检卵囊,结果阳性124份,阴性98份,感染率为55.86%.采用蔗糖梯度离心法,检测OPG为1.542×105个,在光镜下测量卵囊的大小为3.333μm×3.666μm～6.666μm×6.9993μm,平均4.3175μm×4.7528μm,根据染色形态、大小等特征,初步诊断为小隐孢子虫(C.Panvum).     

河南省郏县红牛肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解河南省郏县红牛肠道寄生虫感染情况，采用卢戈氏碘液染色法、饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法对河南省郏县地区某红牛养殖场及散养红牛的218份新鲜粪便样本进行了检查，结果发现寄生虫总感染率为66.5%，共检出4种肠道寄生虫，其中球虫、圆线虫、鞭虫和绦虫感染率分别为61.5%、2.3%、6.9%和7.8%，混合感染率为11.5%，阳性粪便中虫卵或卵囊感染强度以轻度感染为主。结果表明，河南省郏县红牛肠道寄生虫感染较为普遍，应加强其肠道寄生虫病的防治。     

Evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Campylobacter fetus in bovine preputial washing and vaginal mucus samples

A monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was described and evaluated for use as a presumptive screening test for detection of Campylobacter fetus in bovine preputial washing and vaginal mucus samples. A total of 725 diagnostic samples collected in the field and submitted in Clark's transport enrichment medium (TEM) were analyzed. Cultural isolation of C. fetus was used as the standard for comparison. After incubation of the TEM vials for 4-5 days, fluid was removed for culture and ELISA testing. A sandwich ELISA format was used and the target antigen was C. fetus lipopolysaccharides (LPS). A rabbit anti-C. fetus polyclonal antiserum was used as the capture antibody. Murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to C. fetus serotype A and B LPS core and O-polysaccharides and a goat anti-mouse horseradish peroxidase conjugate were used as detection antibodies. ELISA and culture results for the diagnostic samples were in complete agreement. Seven hundred and eight samples were negative by both tests. All 17 culture positive samples were positive by ELISA with a MAb to LPS core. The ELISA with MAbs to LPS O-polysaccharides detected all culture positive samples with the homologous C. fetus serotype. Sixty-six preputial wash samples from three known C. fetus culture positive bulls were also analyzed. Forty-nine of these samples were positive by both ELISA and culture, 16 were positive by ELISA only, and one was negative by both ELISA and culture. The results indicate that this ELISA is useful as a screening test for the detection of C. fetus in diagnostic samples.     

貉肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解貉肠道寄生虫感染情况,采用卢戈氏碘液染色法、饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法和改良抗酸染色法对南阳地区某特种动物养殖场笼养貉的232份新鲜粪便进行检查,结果显示：75份样品呈阳性,总感染率为30.17%,其中贾第虫感染率为6.47%,隐孢子虫为0.86%,球虫为5.17%,圆线虫为15.95%,钩虫为3.88%。本次调查结果为预防和临床治疗貉肠道寄生虫病提供了参考和依据。     

对鸡群A/B亚群禽白血病病毒抗体ELISA检测阳性率的可靠性评估

为了评估某些批次的禽白血病病毒（ALV）抗体商品化 ELISA检测试剂盒在检测鸡群中A/B亚群禽白血病病毒（ALV-A/B）抗体阳性率的可靠性,使用同一批次试剂盒,对往年ALV-A/B抗体检测阳性率达标（＜1%）的A类鸡场及往年ALV-A/B抗体检测阳性率不达标（＞1%）的B类鸡场所送检样品进行初检,在A类鸡场初检阳性样品中挑选S/P值最高的8份阳性样品,在B类鸡场初检阳性样品中挑选S/P值最高的40份样品,再使用相同批次的试剂盒将每个初检阳性样品做3个孔的重复检测,并以上述48份样品为一抗同时做间接免疫荧光试验（IFA）,系统比较了IFA和ELISA 2种方法检测结果的一致性。结果发现,A类鸡场初检为阳性的8份样品经复检和IFA检测均变为阴性;B类鸡场4份样品（4/40）ELISA复检和IFA结果均变为阴性,36份样品（36/40）ELISA复检仍为阳性,但其中20份呈IFA阳性,16份呈IFA阴性,结果表明某些批次的试剂盒在特异性和稳定性方面存在一定问题。提示,相关企业在进行大批量样本检测时,ELISA阳性样品需结合IFA进行结果判定,以提高检测的准确性。     

Detection of Salmonella by using the colorimetric DNA/rRNA sandwich hybridization in microtiter wells

A rapid and readily available DNA probe kit was developed for the detection of Salmonella spp. This kit utilized the colorimetric DNA/rRNA sandwich hybridization method in microtiter wells. Within 3 hr Salmonella spp. in selective enrichment broth cultures were detected by the DNA probe kit. The kit effectively identified all of 187 strains of Salmonella tested and yielded no false-positive reactions in the examination of 674 pure cultures of non-salmonellae. The DNA probe kit could detect 10(5) cfu/ml in pure culture. A total of 379 naturally contaminated samples (raw chicken meat, liquid egg, animal feeds, poultry feces and frozen foods) were tested, both by the standard culture method and the DNA probe kit. The 169 of these samples were culture positive and 210 were culture negative. The sensitivity of the DNA probe kit was 98.2% (166/169) and the specificity was 99.5% (209/210). These results show that the DNA probe kit is a useful tool to examine a large number of various samples for contamination by Salmonella spp. in food and livestock industry.     

A testing scheme for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine feces utilizing the ESP para-JEM liquid culture system.

A testing scheme for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in broth cultures of bovine fecal samples carried out in ESP para-JEM System was evaluated. The scheme included acid-fast staining (on signal-positive and signal-negative samples), and confirmation by PCR for 2 MAP-specific targets and subculture of all acid-fast positive PCR-negative samples. Two hundred and fifty bovine fecal samples were evaluated for the presence of MAP using this scheme. Thirty-seven (15%) of 250 fecal samples had a positive culture result when the proposed testing scheme was used, compared to 14 (6%) positive results when using the standard ESP para-JEM protocol (requiring samples to have a positive signal from the system, a positive acid-fast stain, and a positive IS900 PCR result), and 20 (8%) positives when conventional culture was performed on Herrold egg yolk (HEY) media. A preliminary comparison of real-time and conventional PCR on DNA extracted from 15 MAP-positive broth cultures by 3 different protocols suggested that conventional PCR may be a better choice for the confirmation of the presence of MAP in the liquid cultures than real-time PCR.     

应用ELISA试剂盒检测犬粪便棘球绦虫分泌抗原试验

应用双抗体夹心ELISA诊断试剂盒,对来自青海省部分牧区的94份犬粪便,进行了棘球绦虫分泌抗原检测。结果检出棘球绦虫分泌抗原阳性粪便26份,阳性率27.66%。     

应用ELISA(双抗体夹心法)检测猪流行性腹泻病猪粪便中的病毒抗原

应用猪流行性腹泻(PED)—ELISA直接法(双抗体夹心法)对120头健康猪和5头猪传染性胃肠炎(TGE)病猪粪便标本进行检测,均不出现交叉反应;对15头PED病毒实验感染仔猪粪便标本检测,全部呈阳性;将对3(?)份ELISA阳性粪便标本和3份阴性标本的检测结果与电镜观察结果比较,其阳性符合率为97.37％,阴性符合率为100％;对在PED发病季节从不同地区采集的腹泻病猪粪便标本112份检测结果,阳性率为60.71％,而阴性反应的标本,绝大多数是在病愈后15～20d采集的。     

Prevalence of bovine group A rotavirus shedding among dairy calves in Ohio.

Fecal samples were collected from 450 neonatal calves, ranging from 1 to 30 days old, between May, 1988 and May, 1989 to estimate the prevalence of bovine group A rotavirus in a stratified random sample of Ohio dairy herds. Calves were from 47 dairy herds chosen to be representative of Ohio herds. Bovine group A rotavirus was detected in fecal samples by a cell culture immunofluorescence test (CCIF) and ELISA. Of 450 samples tested, 46 (10%) were positive by CCIF and 67 (15%) were positive by ELISA. The agreement beyond chance between the 2 assays was good (kappa = 0.65). The overall prevalence rate of rotavirus shedding was 16.4% (74/450). Forty-three percent (29/67) of the samples positive by ELISA were subgroup 1, none were subgroup 2, and the remaining 57% (38/67) could not be assigned to either subgroups 1 or 2. Thirty herds (62.5%) had at least 1 group A rotavirus-positive calf (mean number of samples per positive herd = 12.4), and 17 herds (37.5%) had no rotavirus-positive calves (mean number of samples per negative herd = 6.0). A live oral rotacoronavirus vaccine was used in neonatal calves of only 1 herd and 3 of 17 (17.6%) calves from this herd were positive for group A rotavirus. The percentage of the rotavirus-positive fecal samples from all calves (n = 450) when stratified by fecal consistency was as follows: 28.3% (13/46) had liquid feces; 25.6% (10/39) had semiliquid feces; 23.4% (22/94) had pasty feces; and 10.7% (29/271) had firm feces.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Serodiagnosis of bovine paratuberculosis by use of a dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

A dot ELISA was developed for detection of antibodies to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. The assay was evaluated by testing sera from cattle that were determined, by bacteriologic culturing of feces, to be infected with M paratuberculosis and were suspected of having clinical disease. Further evaluation involved testing sera from cattle in which M paratuberculosis had not been isolated from feces on several attempts. Results of the dot ELISA were positive for sera from 86 of 101 infected cattle, and results were negative for sera from 64 of 64 noninfected cattle. Results of conventional ELISA and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) tests were positive for 79 of 99 and for 51 of 101 infected cattle, respectively. The dot ELISA also was evaluated by comparing results of testing 708 sera with results of bacteriologic culturing of matched fecal samples from 262 cattle in 3 central Ohio dairy herds known to include cattle infected with M paratuberculosis. Results of the dot ELISA were positive for 25 of 39 sera from cattle with positive results on culturing of concurrently obtained fecal specimens. The dot ELISA results were negative for 661 of 669 sera from cattle with negative results to culturing of concurrently obtained fecal specimens. The 39 sera from cattle with positive results on bacteriologic culturing of matched fecal specimens had positive results for ELISA and the AGID test 25 and 14 times, respectively. The 669 sera from cattle with concurrently negative results on bacteriologic culturing of feces had negative results to ELISA and the AGID test 559 and 668 times, respectively.