政府决策和管理体制在草地健康发展中的作用

草地资源退化不能仅仅归谬于全球变化、人口压力和放牧强度的增加,政府的决策和现行的体制对草地的健康发展同样起到决定性的作用。如果没有合理的政策法规和有效的实施体制,单纯的技术管理往往不能根本改变目前草地退化的现状。从中国草地管理的发展历程及主要存在问题、草地科研体制与方向对草地生态系统的影响与作用、草地管理的组织机构以及美国草地管理政策启示等几个方面,系统分析了政府决策和体制对草地健康发展的影响,提出了促进草地可持续发展的一系列政策建议。     

蚕业科学面向21世纪

本文作为第19届国际昆虫学大会养蚕学科组的主题报告,从丝蛋白结构与丝蛋白基因表达,分子连锁图与家蚕分子育种,性别控制与专养雄蚕,发育生理与昆虫激素蚕业应用,营养生理与人工饲料,蚕作为外源基因表达的宿主,蚕作为生物学基础研究的工具,病理学与蚕病防治,热带养蚕,综合利用等10个方面,概括地论述了当今蚕业科学研究前沿的闪光点及其发展趋势。特别强调了蚕生物学基础研究对未来蚕业科技进步的重要性。     

对21世纪畜牧经济发展新增长点初探

论述了四川畜牧业经济发展概况及成就 ,针对四川省的实际对 2 1世纪畜牧业经济发展的新增长点提出了建议     

Vulnerability and Adaptation of Livestock Producers to Climate Variability and Change

Rangeland-based animal husbandry has been frequently exposed to the vagaries of weather. While the current rates of climate variability are unprecedented in arid and semiarid regions, climate change is expected to put further pressure on rangelands with medium- and poor-quality forages and increase the vulnerability of households who mainly depend on livestock production. Therefore, it is imperative to ensure that livestock producers increase their resilience to climate variability or change. However, few field-based studies have focused on simultaneous investigation of both vulnerability and adaptation of livestock keepers to climate-related risks. To fill this gap, a field-based research study was conducted in southwest Iran. A survey of 274 herder families, selected using a cluster sampling technique, revealed low, medium and high levels of vulnerability, which were principally distinguished by various degrees of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Further, this study identified the main adaptation strategies employed by the herders of this region (i.e., purchasing fodder; rotational grazing; raising a mixed-herd, on-farm occupation; and postharvest grazing). Results indicated that most herder families applied traditional adaptation strategies in response to climate variability. Findings revealed that herders had to reduce their livestock due to low adaptability. Loan term, purchasing insurance, level of exposure, income, experience, response efficacy, and knowledge were the major determinants of the herders’ adaptation decisions. To increase the resilience of livestock producers against climate change, restructuring traditional livestock production systems, producing participatory knowledge and information for sustainable management of rangelands, and designing or redesigning effective adaptation strategies are required.     

21世纪土壤科学的主要任务及挑战

结合已有的相关工作,对21世纪土壤科学面临的主要任务及挑战进行了论述,同时对有关的问题阐述了见解.重点从生态环境与生物学角度阐述土壤学与生物学、分子生物学的交叉与融合,将是土壤科学发展的必然趋势.分子生物学是生命科学中发展最为迅速的分支学科,必将影响土壤学发展的趋势.自然科学、社会科学与人文科学在生态科学领域中走向了融合与交叉.分子生物学的理论与技术正全面地渗透到生态科学中,将出现分子生态学的长足进展,即在基因表达与调控水平上探讨群体及生态系统的功能机制,并进一步利用生物技术手段,有目的地改良环境,从而使人类有一个可以持续健康发展的协调生存空间.土壤学面临了多种挑战与机遇,除了在微观与宏观2个层次上继续拓展外,更加注重尺度转换与实践应用问题以及同其他学科的交叉,尤其生物学,这也正是推动土壤科学发展的动力所在.无疑,生物因素将是多学科交叉与融合的生长点,是解决目前人类面临重大难题的根本性措施的源泉.