The effects of the Sahelian drought on the fishery of the central delta of the Niger River

Abstract. Recent changes in rainfall patterns in West Africa have produced drought conditions which have affected the flood regime, of the Niger River. Analysis of a 20-year series of discharge data for the river and the records of landings of fish at Moption the central delta of the Niger show catch in any year to be highly correlated with flood intensities. Some management implications of the reduced catch following the drought years are discussed.     

沸石在河蟹育苗中的应用

在河蟹育苗中,利用沸石作水质净化剂．从幼体蚤状Ⅲ期始,每天在3个幼体培育池共90m3水体中投放200×10-6沸石。结果试验组每m3水体大眼幼体出苗量增加54g,效果明显。试验证实,投放沸石能吸附水中有机污染物,降解氨氮,净化水质,促进幼体正常变态发育。     

长江三峡库区铜锣峡江段人工鱼礁生态效果初步评估

为了研究长江三峡水库变动回水区人工鱼礁建设后的效果,分别于2019年8月和12月,采用渔业资源传统调查与水声学探测结合的方法,对铜锣峡江段开展了资源现状调查.结果显示:人工鱼礁区域鱼类组成共计70种,隶属于6目14科,其中长江上游特有鱼类10种;人工鱼礁区域鱼类分布以小个体为主,夏季和冬季体长超过6 cm的个体占比分别...     

大宁河龙溪段鱼类早期资源研究

为了解十年禁渔背景下大宁河鱼类早期资源变化状况,2020和2021年5-7月在大宁河龙溪断面开展了鱼类早期资源现状的调查。结果表明,龙溪江段产浮性卵鱼类1种、漂流性卵鱼类4种、粘沉性卵鱼类19种;中华纹胸鮡（Glyptothorax sinensis）和大眼鳜（Siniperca kneri）的产卵规模相对较大,其卵占比分别达48%和30%以上;2020年的鱼类卵苗资源量和种类都少于2021年。RDA分析结果显示,中华纹胸鮡（Glyptothorax sinensis）、张氏?(Hemiculter tchangi)鱼卵漂流密度与水温变化呈现一定相关性,适宜水温促使中华纹胸鮡（Glyptothorax sinensis）、张氏?(Hemiculter tchangi)产卵;随着流速和流量增加,多鳞白甲鱼(Scaphesthes macrolepis)和云南盘鮈(Discogobio yunnanensis)卵漂流密度均相应增加;大眼鳜（Siniperca kneri）和峨眉后平鳅(Metahomaloptera omeiensis)产卵期间江水酸碱度相对较低。十年禁渔的实施对大宁河鱼类资源的恢复可能产生积极影响。     

Functional morphology of the kidney. A review of the histophysiology of the kidney glomerulus, the nephrons and the collecting tubule system

The kidney is a composite organ, the specific activities of which are attributable to the peculiar construction of the individual components of the glomerula, nephrons and collecting tubules. This comprehensive review will address the essential physiological mechanisms of urine formation, such as filtration, secretion, reabsorption and concentration, and correlate these functions to morphological structures where possible. The complex structure of the renal glomerulus as the basis for the formation of primary urine (blood-urine barrier) will be documented on the basis of electron micrographs. In addition to this, the ultrastructure of the epithelium in the various tubular segments and collecting tubules will be discussed from a histophysiological stand-point, including its significance in the excretion of waste substances and maintenance of a constant fluid environment in the body (Homeostasis).     

Observations on the role of the caseinase enzyme in the pathogenesis of furunculosis

Abstract. The role of the caseinase extracellular enzyme in the pathogenesis of furunculosis was investigated. Natural and mutant strains of Aeromonas salmonicida which were unable, or limited, in their ability to produce this enzyme were studied. The virulence of the mutant strains of A. salmonicida was not significantly reduced by the lack of extracellular caseinase production. Furthermore, there was no difference in the toxicity of extracellular products produced by these mutant strains and the wild-type A. salmonicida strain studied. It is reasonable to assume from these results that the caseinase enzyme has no major role in the pathogenesis of A. salmonicida infections.     

Evaluation of the advantage of marine protected areas over the reduction of the fishing mortality coefficient

ABSTRACT:   In the present study, we compared the advantage of marine protected areas (MPA) to the reduction of the fishing mortality coefficient ( F ). We accomplished this by comparing the yield per recruitment (YPR) and spawner biomass per recruitment (SPR) under two controls. This was accomplished using a mathematical model. We used the following five measures as comparisons: (i) the condition of the fishery where the increase in YPR is possible; (ii) the increase in YPR or SPR obtained by allocating half the fishing ground as an MPA and by reducing F by half; (iii) the maximum YPR obtainable when the fishing mortality coefficient or the proportion of MPA in the fishing ground is completely controlled; (iv) the proportion of the MPA and the reduction ratio of F required for attaining 30% SPR; and (v) the YPR obtainable while maintaining 30% SPR. Our results show that the MPA has a minor disadvantage in terms of the first measure. The MPA is advantageous in increasing SPR in the second measure, with a low migration rate of fish. The MPA is also advantageous in increasing YPR in the second measure, with some intermediate migration. The MPA is disadvantageous in the third measure. The MPA is advantageous in the fourth measure, with a low migration rate. The MPA is disadvantageous in the fifth measure.     

日本沼虾蜕皮过程中头胸甲外骨骼超微结构的改变

采用HE染色及石蜡切片的扫描电镜观察方法,描述了日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)蜕皮间期(C期,intermolt stage)及新旧表皮更替变化剧烈的蜕皮前晚期(D4期,late premolt stage)和蜕皮后期(postmolt stage)A-B期头胸甲外骨骼的形态结构变化特点。结果显示,日本沼虾外骨骼分为上表皮、外表皮、内表皮三层,D4期出现新的上表皮和外表皮,B期出现新内表皮,外表皮强嗜碱性而内表皮弱嗜酸性。扫描电镜观察发现,C期头胸甲内、外表皮均为几丁质-蛋白质纤维构成的平行板层结构且板层内有发达的孔道系统(pore canals,pc),但内外表皮板层间排列紧密程度不同,外表皮板层切面边缘较整齐,结构致密,板层内pc大小均一、近似圆形,内表皮板层切面边缘粗糙,结构较疏松,板层内pc大小不等、多为梭形。在蜕皮前后,新外表皮结构变化显著,与C期相比,D4期新外表皮超微结构与旧内表皮结构相似,而在A期,外表皮超微结构由疏松变为致密,这可能与蜕皮后表皮的钙化相关。本研究旨为阐明沼虾的蜕皮机制提供基础资料。     

Age-related changes in the intervertebral disks of the cervical vertebrae of the horse

The cervical vertebral column of 103 horses of different age (42 weeks old fetus to 23 years) were examined with respect to age-related changes of the intervertebral disks. On gross examination the cervical intervertebral disks in the horse miss a pulpy nucleus but consist of a fibrocartilaginous tissue only, which is in contrast to literature. Age-related degenerative lesions as disintegration of connective tissue fibers leading to partial or complete loss of connection between the disks were found. In the more severe cases a yellow discoloration of the separated disks could be seen. Incidence and grade of the lesions increased with age and from the cranial to the caudal regions of the cervical vertebral column. Even in cases with a high degree degenerative separation clinical symptoms had not been reported.     

长江口渔场中国对虾增殖研究

<正> 一、前言发展增殖渔业,走“海洋牧场化”道路,是渔业生产力发展到一定阶段的必经之路。世界上先进的渔业国家,在合理利用、依法保护渔业资源的同时,均在探索人工增殖以改善和增加海域资源量的途径。80年代以来,随着我国对虾养殖业的发展,沿海省市自北而南先后开展中国对虾的人工增殖放流研究与实践,并取得一定的经济效益和生态效益。     

饲料中沙门氏菌的污染现状及检测方法探究

沙门氏菌是一类革兰氏阴性、长有鞭毛的兼性需氧菌,多数存在于动物的排泄物中,其引起食物中毒的发病率极高.本文对沙门氏菌的三种主要检测方法:微生物学检测法、酶联免疫吸附法、PCR快速检测技术的实验方法、注意事项以及优缺点进行探究,对于更为准确快速鉴定沙门氏菌,防止沙门氏菌进一步蔓延具有一定的意义.     

真鲷消化道的组织学和形态学研究

采用扫描电镜和光镜技术对真鲷的消化道进行了组织学和形态学研究。具发达颌齿的口咽腔之后，真鲷消化道由分化明显的食道、胃、小肠和直肠构成。口咽腔粘膜表面为复层上皮，其中含有怀状细胞和味蕾，表层细胞具微褶（脊）；食道粘膜也衬着复层上皮，由表层具微褶（脊）的扁平细胞、中层的怀状细胞及底部的基底细胞组成，食道粘部分区域 衬着单层柱状上皮；胃Ｖ形，粘膜表层为单层柱状上皮，贲门部和盲囊部上皮下有一厚层胃腺组织；     

关于长江口亲虾资源开发利用的初步意见

<正> 对虾养殖业的迅猛发展,刺激与推动了对虾苗种的生产,沿海各地为数众多的对虾育苗场相继建立,成为苗种供应的基地.在"养虾热"中,上海沿海地区的对虾养殖生产同样得到了长足的发展.养殖面积日益扩大,成为创汇农业的"拳头"产品之一.为满足2万余亩虾池苗种放养的需要,每年向江苏、浙江等省采运数亿尾虾苗,耗费大量的人力、物力、财力.并且对虾苗种生产的丰歉,以及质量的优劣,直接影响对虾养殖的稳产高产和经济效益.地处河口地区的上海沿海海水盐度低,且季节变化幅度大,给对虾育苗技术提出了新的研究课题.上海水产大学、上     

Influence of the gametogenic cycle on the biochemical composition of the ovary of the great scallop

The oogenic cycle and biochemical composition of the ovary of raft-cultured great scallop (Pecten maximus) were studied during the period April 1990–July 1991. The ovary condition index (FGI) and stereological studies showed the existence of two principal spawning periods, winter and late spring-early summer. No sexual resting period was found. Oocyte lysis was high throughout the year. Ovarian lipid levels displayed a clear seasonal pattern linked to the gametogenic cycle. Total lipid (TL, 16–21% dry weight), acylglycerol (AG, 20–65% TL) and free sterol (FS, 2.8–6.4% TL) levels were, generally, higher in the ripe ovary and a decrease coincided with spawning. Protein (59–63% dry weight), glycogen (<3% dry weight) and phospholipid (PL, 26–35% TL) levels showed no clear seasonal trend. The TL and AG were a good index of ovarian sexual maturity. The TL % of dry weight) correlated well with the female gonad condition index (r _s = 0.779, p < 0.001), and AG (% f TL) correlated well with the mean oocyte diameter (r _s = 0.630, p < 0.01) and the female gonad condition index (r _s = 0.443, p < 0.05).     

内梅罗污染指数法在排污口邻近海域水环境质量评价中的应用

本文用内梅罗污染指数法对福建省10种类型陆源入海排污口的邻近海域水环境质量进行了综合评价,提出了把排污口的特征污染物作为海域水环境评价的主要参评参数,使评价结果更客观,有利于管理者了解排污口排海污染物对邻近海域水环境造成的影响,从而更好地进行监督和管理,避免盲目性。     

Discovering the dominance of the non-native European eel in the upper reaches of the Tone River system,Japan

To investigate the presence of non-native anguillid eels in Japanese waters, 141 eels were collected from seven sampling sites throughout the Tone River system. Genetic species identification showed an extraordinary dominance of the non-native European eel Anguilla anguilla in the uppermost site of the study area. Estimation of age from otoliths suggested that the European eels were introduced into the river in the 1990s, corresponding to previous reports from other Japanese water systems. Comparison of the von Bertalanffy growth curve parameters indicated that the European eels caught in the Tone River system appeared to have a similar or even higher growth rate than the same species in the original habitats in Europe. The long-term inhabitation and the normal development of European eels in Japanese waters suggest that regulations prohibiting the release of non-native eels and safeguards against accidental escape from culture ponds must be strictly maintained in order to ensure the conservation of the native Japanese eel.     

美国杂交条纹鲈苗种培育水体理化因子调控和生态条件初探

进行了美国杂交条纹鲈的苗种培育试验，科学调节池塘水体理化因子，初步探讨了美国杂交条纹鲈生长的适宜生态条件。认为美国杂交条纹鲈适温范围广，苗种培育过程中溶解氧应在4mg/L以上，碱度、硬度保持3me/L左右，pH8．0以上，COD应在10mg／L以下，对氮、磷营养元素和苗种培育饵料生物也进行了分析。     

The appearance of subchondral cystoid defects in the joints of the distal extremities of the horse

Subchondral bone cysts or cyst like lesions are an important hint in the radiographic diagnosis of degenerative joint disease. In this study we set artificial lesions of different size in the subchondral bone of different joint surfaces of horses, and we then tried to determine from which size on these lesions could be made visible on radiographs in different projections. It shows that the possibility of visualization of such lesions is frequently overestimated, cyst like lesions have to be quite large, before they can be seen on routine radiographs.     

两种中药成分对酵母菌淀粉酶和蛋白酶活力影响的研究

酵母菌在培养过程中添加不同浓度盐酸小檗碱和齐墩果酸对其淀粉酶及蛋白酶活力的影响。结果表明添加不同浓度盐酸小檗碱对酵母菌淀粉酶和蛋白酶活力存在明显的抑制作用,且随着其浓度的增加,抑制作用也越来越强,齐墩果酸也使淀粉酶活力下降,但对蛋白酶活力先抑制而后又增强。添加齐墩果酸对酵母菌酶活力的影响要比添加盐酸小檗碱对酶活力的影响大。     

Predicting the temperature of the Barents Sea

Knowledge of the influence of the physical environment on commercially important fish stocks in the North Atlantic has increased during the last decade. To allow this information to be used in fisheries management, some forecast of the environment is important. Predictions of temperature in the Arcto-boreal Barents Sea have been given for many years, both as subjective opinions of scientists and implicitly in stock assessment assumptions of, e.g., mortality rates. To evaluate an objective statistical forecasting system, we have analysed time series representing mechanisms previously proposed as influencing the temperature of the Barents Sea. These include components of suggested periodic nature, large-scale advective effects, regional processes, and atmospheric teleconnections. The predictability of Barents Sea temperature based on the above mechanisms was evaluated through calculations of auto- and cross-correlations, linear regression, spectral analysis and autoregressive modelling. Forecasts based on periodic fluctuations in temperature performed poorly. Advection alone did not explain a major part of the variability. The precision of predictions six months ahead varied with season; forecasts from spring to autumn had least uncertainty. A first-order autoregressive model, including modelled atmospherically driven volume flux to the western Barents Sea during the preceding year and the position of the Gulf Stream off the eastern coast of the USA two years earlier, explained 50% of the total historical temperature variability.