Drug policy: striking the right balance

Drug policy should strike the right balance between reducing the harm done by psychoactive drugs and reducing the harm that results from strict legal prohibitions and their enforcement. It is concluded, from a cost-benefit analysis based on pharmacologic, toxicologic, sociologic, and historical facts, that radical steps to repeal the prohibitions on presently illicit drugs would be likely, on balance, to make matters worse rather than better. Specific recommendations are offered for ameliorating the dangers to users and to society that are posed by each addictive drug.     

Insect control of the future: operational and policy aspects

uman and insect population control have several features in common, all of them indicating that the lag times in converting laboratory discoveries into practical agents are increasing greatly and that ROI calculations are becoming more and more significant in decisions related to the development of new agents. ROI calculations are particularly important in the field of insect control because, by being more specific, the agents of the future are likely to cover smaller markets. Several recommendations for stimulating the development of new methods of insect control are proposed which are addressed primarily to policy-makers. If they are not implemented, then our suggestions should at least stimulate others to make alternative proposals. If neither event occurs, then it is unlikely that there will be any fundamentally new approaches to practical insect control in this decade; a similar prediction (6) that was made 4 years ago in the field of human birth control is rapidly proving to be correct.     

基于服务策略的Parlay网关过载控制仿真研究

针对目前电信业务网络的业务差异性大、业务突发性高等造成系统过载现象,研究了未来NGN网络的业务网关-Parlay,及目前的系统过载控制技术。结合下一代网络中Parlay网关的特征,根据服务质量QoS对业务进行分类和建模,给出了基于服务策略的业务过载控制模型,并详细描述了过载控制算法。仿真试验结果表明,该算法在保证业务服务策略的基础上,有效控制了业务应用服务器的过载现象,并具有一定的公平性。     

休养生息制度背景下耕地保护政策体系研究

为实现休养生息制度背景下耕地保护政策优化,提高政策设计的有效性和针对性。基于中央、国务院、各部委以及地方耕地保护相关政策文件和相关统计数据,整理和归纳了国内外耕地保护与休养生息制度等文献资料,综合运用文献研究法、归纳法等研究方法,分析未来休养生息和耕地保护战略需求,并从战略背景、目标原则、政策需求、路径方向、政策构成等角度,构建休养生息制度背景下耕地保护政策总体框架。结果表明：1）休养生息制度背景下,耕地保护政策设计的目标为永续粮食安全和资源可持续发展,原则为夯实粮食安全根基、支撑高质量发展、实现生态环境保护以及促进区域协同发展;2）针对耕地出现的“数量-质量-生态-权益”等问题,可通过“弹性空间-质量提升-风险管控-纵横补偿”的耕地保护路径,构建支撑资源安全的耕地保护政策体系;3）未来休养生息和耕地保护制度仍将并行,未来休养生息制度背景下,需要通过基于弹性空间优化调整耕地数量保护政策、质量提升统筹耕地养护与质量建设政策、风险管控构建耕地生态风险管控政策、纵横结合构建耕地保护补偿政策、休养生息和耕地保护协同完善监督考核政策等,优化现有耕地保护政策工具,提高管理水平。因此,构建休养生息制度背景下耕地保护转型政策总体框架,系统设计我国休养生息和耕地保护制度并行背景下的耕地保护政策,可以为未来耕地保护政策调整和优化提供科学依据和有效支撑。     

蔬菜中农药残留动态与控制对策

对陕西省西安市大型蔬菜批发市场、农贸市场、生产基地6大类蔬菜的13种农药残留情况进行了全年定点监测,研究了不同种类蔬菜中农药残留动态,不同种类农药在蔬菜中的残留动态以及蔬菜中农药残留全年变化动态。结果表明,甘蓝类、白菜类和绿叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留超标率高于其他种类蔬菜,且随时间不同而变化;各种禁用有机磷农药在不同种类蔬菜上均有不同程度检出,并且在不同种类蔬菜间存在差异;各种禁用农药在蔬菜中的残留量随时间不同而变化;各种非禁用农药检出次数较多,并有部分超标;生产基地蔬菜全年农药残留变化动态符合生产实际。在上述研究的基础上,对蔬菜中农药残留存在的原因进行了分析,提出了降低蔬菜中农药残留的控制措施。