不同类型盐碱土对红麻生长的影响

本文探讨了不同类型盐碱土对红麻出苗和生长的影响，明确不同类型盐碱土对红麻的影响是不同的，以氯化钠盐土对红麻的影响最大，即使土壤中ＮａＣｌ含量只有０．２％，红麻的出苗和生长均受到严重影响；其次是硫酸钠盐土和混合盐土；碳酸氢钠盐土的影响最小，即使土壤中ＮａＨＣＯ＿３含量高达０．６％，红麻仍可出苗生长。在土壤含盐量０．３５—０．７６％的非氯化钠盐土上，通过采用灌水压盐、适当晚播，增施有机肥等栽培措施，每亩可获得红麻干茎０．４５—１．１５吨，比种植其它作物有较大优势。     

小麦异源（黑麦）重组系籽粒蛋白质分析

以选自１０－Ａ／８８－１６４３／／川育１２号的６０个小麦异源（黑麦）重组系为供试材料，对籽粒蛋白南含量进行了检测，并分析了籽粒蛋白南含量与农芤及产量性状的相关性质与程度。结果表明，重组系籽粒蛋白质含量存在着明显的变异，超过高亲川育１２号（１５．０％）的后代品系占６０％。蛋白南含量高达１７．０％以上的高蛋白品系占被测品系的１３．３％。蛋白南含量仅与株高呈显著正相关，而与小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重和穗粒重     

湖南省茶园土壤养分丰缺指标及配方施肥

对湖南省３６个县（市）６７个茶场的１３６份茶园土样进行了肥力水平测定。结果表明：茶园土壤ｐＨ适宜，钾素较丰富。土壤有机质含量０～２０ｃｍ土层为（２．４±０．０９）％，２０～４０ｃｍ土层（１．６０±０．０６）％。８５％的土样０～２０ｃｍ土层有机质含量超过１．５％，３８％的土样超过２．５％；４９％的土样２０～４０ｃｍ土层的有机质含量超过１．５％。全氮含量０～２０ｃｍ土层为（０．１３３±０．００４）％，２０～４０ｃｍ土层为（０．１００±０．００３）％。碱解氮含量大于１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ土的土样占７６％，２０～４０ｃｍ占４５％。全磷含量低于０．１％的０～２０ｃｍ土层达５３％，２０～４０ｃｍ土层达６２％。速效磷含量低于１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ土的频率，两土层各为４６％和６５％，显示低磷土壤较多。代换性镁含量较低，茶园严重缺镁。依据调查结果，建立了茶园土壤主要养分与茶叶产量之间的数学模型，据此提出了茶园土壤养分的丰缺指标：产量在２２５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２干茶的茶园土壤０～４０ｃｍ土层全磷（Ｐ２Ｏ５）含量＞０．１２％，碱解氮含量＞１４９ｍｇ／ｋｇ土，速效磷含量＞３２ｍｇ／ｋｇ土，速效钾含量＞１１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ土。通过试验，确定了４种主要土类适?     

种子贮存过程中遗传完整性的研究

以粳稻、高Ｌｉａｎｇ、燕麦种子为试材，在－１０℃、０￣５℃、室温条件下贮存５年后，测定了９项指标，结果表明：在－１０℃、０￣５℃条件下贮存的种子发芽率变化不明显。室温下发芽率显著下降，电导率和染色体畸变率均增加，燕麦、高Ｌｉａｎｇ染色体畸变率分别为２．６７％和０．９４％。但在－１０℃贮存的燕麦染色体没有出现异常。在－１０℃、０￣５℃贮存种子的Ｅｓｔ、α－Ａｍｙ、Ｐｏｘ同工酶酶谱条带数目多、强，室温     

大豆新品种豫豆18号的选育及高产稳产性分析

豫豆１８号丰产、稳产、早熟、优质（蛋白质含量４３．２６％）,适应性强。河南省２年区试比对照豫豆２号增产１９．０％,３年国家区试比对照中豆１９号增产１１．０８％,两年河南省生产试验比对照中豆１９号平均增产１１．２％,综合评比居供试材料首位。     

大豆施硒效应和硒素积累特性的初步研究

应用土培盆栽、微区及田间试验，研究底施和叶面喷施不同浓度硒对不同大豆品种生长发育、品质以及器官含硒量的影响。结果表明：土壤底施硒浓度０．１—０．５ｐｐｍ时，生长正常；＞１０ｐｐｍ时，苗期出现中毒症状，严重中毒时，则大多在子叶期死亡。鼓粒期叶面喷施０．０２５％－０．１％硒溶液，对大豆生长无毒害作用。不同品种（系）的生物学产量因施硒表现显著差异。施硒增加籽粒中蛋白质含量，降低脂肪含量；亚油酸、亚麻酸、硬脂酸含量增加．油酸、棕榈酸含量下降，且不同品种各脂肪酸组成变异较大。叶面喷硒，大豆各器官硒浓度与积累量随用量增加而提高．其中叶片＞籽粒＞荚壳＞茎＞根。     

绿农素在水稻上应用效果

普绿牌绿农素是以木酢液为载体的广谱性、活性态多元复合微量元素肥料。它能够供给作物多种营养，促进生长，提高产量，同时它还具有抗病、抗虫、促早熟、改善品质等作用，是发展质量效益农业，生产有机绿色食品的理想肥料。２００１年洪河农场水稻办做了绿农素在水稻上的应用试验，结果如下：１试验材料及方法１．１供试地点洪河农场一区４—５号。地势平坦，土壤为潜育白浆土，表层黑土厚８cm，有机质含量５．５％，全氮０．３４％，全磷０．１０％，全钾２．０５％。１．２供试品种空育１３１，生育期１２７d。１．３试验方法５月２０日…     

渗透胁迫下小麦幼苗光合受抑制机理初探

本文以水培７ｄ龄小麦幼苗为试材，分别用渗透势为０．５、１．０、１．５ＭＰａＰＥＧ４０００水溶液培养２４ｈ．以期探讨渗透胁迫下小麦光合受抑制的机理。结果表明，渗透胁迫下活性氧积累，伤害光合机构是导致光合作用下降的一个重要原因。     

我国粳稻品种直接淀粉含量研究

测定了３８５３份粳稻品种的直链淀粉含量，其均值为１８．９％，变幅７．０％－２７．０％，约一半品种为低含量（１０．１％－２０．０％，符合一级优质标准的品种占２５．１％。方差分析表明我国粳稻品种类型间、水陆稻间、部分省（区）间直链淀含量存在，类分析指，抉高低全国可划分为五大区。     

野生油菜种子氮磷含量及其超氧化物歧化酶活性初探

１８１份野生油菜种子的全氮全磷含量和超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性及其同工酶的测定结果表明；野生油菜种子粗蛋白含量变相为２５．１１％—３７．６７％，平均含量为３１．２６％；全磷含量变幅为０．２３％—０．５７％，平均含量为０．３９５％。野生油菜种子ＳＯＤ活性变幅为１６０７．５—１８０５．５酶单位／克干重，平均为１７０６．１。萌发过程中野生油菜ＳＯＤ活性的变化大于栽培油菜品种，ＳＯＤ同工酶谱带多１—２条。     

苋菜试管开花过程中相关microRNA表达的qPCR分析

以苋菜无菌试管苗及其试管开花过程中各阶段培养物为材料,利用qPCR技术进行苋菜试管开花过程相关microRNA的表达分析。研究结果表明:由NormFinder软件计算出最适合的内参基因为ama-miR159a;在苋菜试管开花过程中,ama-miR156c、ama-miR156d、ama-miR156g相对表达量在幼苗期向壮苗期转变过程中呈下降趋势,并在整个发育过程中一直保持较低水平;ama-miR156h、ama-miR157b、ama-miR157c、ama-miR157d、ama-miR3和ama-miR10相对表达量在幼苗期向花芽期转变过程中呈下降趋势,并在花芽期达到最低;ama-miR172d的表达模式与miR156/miR157表达模式相反;苋菜试管苗幼苗期到花芽期形成时ama-miR319b相对表达量呈上升趋势,ama-miR164b在花芽期时相对表达量比较高,花芽期向开花期转变时,其相对表达量降低;ama-miR166a/miR166g表达在苋菜开花过程中始终呈上调表达;ama-miR167b/miR167d和ama-miR4相对表达量先略有升高然后降低,在花芽期降到最低,随后又升高。由此可见,microRNA在调控苋菜试管苗由幼苗期向壮苗期转变、营养生长向生殖生长转变以及花器官的形成等过程中起重要的调控作用。     

蓖麻光合特性及其与产量和含油率的关系

对蓖麻的生长发育过程中叶片数目、叶绿素含量、希尔反应活力、光合磷酸化活力和光合速率变化规律及其与产量、含油率关系进行了研究。结果表明,叶片数目增长呈“慢—快—慢”变化,快速增长期在主茎穗盛花期至第一分枝穗开花期;叶片叶绿素含量呈双峰曲线,在主茎穗果实灌浆期至第一分枝穗果实灌浆期其含量最高;叶绿体希尔反应活力和光合磷酸化活力在第一分枝穗开花期出现高峰值;叶片光合速率变化呈单峰曲线,在第一分枝穗果实灌浆期达到最高。在整个生育时期内蓖麻叶片数目、叶绿素含量、希尔反应活力和光合磷酸化活力呈负相关,生育后期则反之,从主茎穗开花到第二分枝穗盛花期光合指标分别与产油量呈显著和极显著正相关。     

叶面喷施含钾有机水溶肥对油菜生长发育和产量的影响

为油菜生产的提质增效,探究含钾有机水溶肥对油菜生长发育及产量构成的影响,以甘蓝型油菜旺城油8号为材料,采用双因素随机区组设计,设置3个喷施时期（苗期、花期、苗期+花期）和5个含钾有机水溶肥施用量（0、375、750、1125、1500 g/hm²）处理,调查油菜产量性状。结果发现,在苗期或初花期喷施750 g/hm²的含钾有机水溶肥,油菜的株高、根颈粗、生物量等指标较对照组显著增加,两个时期均喷施的处理其促进效果更优。在苗期和初花期均喷施750 g/hm²水溶肥,增加了单株有效角果数和每角粒数,显著提高油菜产量,较对照增加39.07%,产油量增加44.22%。认为可通过在油菜苗期和初花期每公顷各喷施750 g的含钾有机水溶肥,促进油菜的生长发育,提高菜籽产量,增加产油量,提升经济效益。     

Influence of environmental and agronomic factors contributing to increased levels of phospholipids in oil from UK linseed Linum usitatissimum

High levels of phospholipids in linseed oil result in production line hold-ups due to gum formation in machinery during processing and irreversible cloudiness when high phospholipid oil is left to stand. Specific problems with oil from UK crushed linseed were experienced by linseed oil refiners in both the 1993 and 1997 seasons. The 1993 harvest was characterised by wet conditions suggesting that enhanced phospholipid content may be associated with weather damage which was reported in some linseed crops in that year. A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of agronomic factors which may influence phospholipid content. In a replicated field experiment spring linseed cv. Barbara, which had been desiccated with diquat, was sequentially harvested at six timings from both rainfed plots and others which were misted during the seed filling stage. Additional plots which had not been desiccated were also sampled at a normal, early September and late October harvest date. Seed samples were crushed and the resulting oil was analysed for total, hydratable and non-hydratable phospholipid contents. Mean total phospholipid contents were greater in non-misted plots than misted plots and increased dramatically between the final harvest dates, however, there were large variations in total phospholipid content for individual treatments. Desiccation of linseed is standard practice in the UK, but total phospholipid content of the non-desiccated samples taken in early September were low at 170 ppm and did not increase despite a further harvest delay of 3 weeks. The level of non-hydratable phospholipids, which are not removed during normal processing and cause the most difficult production problems, were unaffected by delayed harvest date, but they were always greater in the misted, compared to non-misted treatment. An additional study of unreplicated seed samples collected from a range of sites and varieties indicated a large variation in total phospholipid content from 43 to 1436 ppm. The highest levels were reported at one site where the harvest was delayed past physiological maturity by wet weather. Results from these studies suggest that crop desiccation, which causes drying and fracturing of the capsule wall, allowing water ingress, could increase the risk of increased phospholipid content in linseed if wet weather delays harvest. Variety choice may also be important, but survey results indicate this may be linked to the relationship between physiological maturity and weather conditions at individual sites.     

灵芝子实体不同生长阶段多糖与三萜类物质含量的研究

采用分光光度计法研究了灵芝芝蕾、芝柄、分化菌盖及成熟子实体等生长阶段的多糖与三萜类物质含量。结果表明,芝蕾发育阶段多糖含量最高,随着灵芝的生长发育,多糖含量逐渐降低;而三萜类物质含量则相反,芝蕾发育阶段最低,随着灵芝的生长发育逐渐升高,到成熟子实体阶段含量又略有降低。     

施氮对油菜几种酶活性的影响及其与产量和品质的关系

不同施氮量和薹肥比例对油菜品种湘油13号几种酶活性的影响及其与产量和品质的关系研究表明，增加施氮量和大薹肥比例，可抑制油菜果壳和叶片蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）活性以及籽粒磷脂酸磷酸酯酶（PPase)活性，降低种子含油量，提高油菜籽粒、果壳、叶片的谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性和蛋白氮、非蛋白氮及总氮含量，增加种子蛋白质含量。中氮量处理（225kg/hm^2)的籽粒产量最高，与籽粒蔗合成酶（SS）活性和收获指数最高有关。施氮量225kg/hm^2，30％作薹肥施用，能协调高产和较高含油量及蛋白质含量的关系。     

建兰与寒兰杂交后代试管花诱导及其形成过程的形态学及细胞学观察

从建兰与寒兰杂交后代的根状茎、试管苗和根状茎薄层均诱导出试管花,诱导率分别为61.67％、80.00％和16.67％。对根状茎、试管苗和根状茎薄层试管花形成过程的形态学观察结果显示,试管花的形成和发育过程可分为花芽诱导期,花芽形态建成期,开花期,谢花期4个时期。以试管苗为材料的试管花形态建成所需的时间最短,根状茎次之,根状茎薄层所需的时间最长。细胞学观察结果显示,根状茎试管花起源于皮层,其形态建成过程可分为花序原基形成期、花序原基分化期、小花原基形成期和小花原基分化期4个时期。     

大豆叶片中异黄酮含量的变化规律

为分析大豆叶片中异黄酮含量的积累动态及营养胁迫对大豆叶片中异黄酮含量的影响,选用2个大豆品种利用砂培浇注营养液的方法,分不同时期对叶片进行取样测定异黄酮含量。研究结果如下:营养胁迫对大豆异黄酮总含量及3种苷元组分含量有促进提高的作用。大豆叶片中异黄酮总含量及3种苷元组分含量在初花期(R1)有一个峰值。     

Changes in starch,oil, protein and amino acids in developing seeds of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)

The okra seeds of variety Pusa sawani were analysed for protein, non-protein nitrogen, total free amino acids, lysine, and tryptophan from the 7th day to the 42nd day after flowering. Starch, total sugars and oil percent were also estimated in these seeds. During the early stages of maturation, the soluble components (non-protein nitrogen, free amino acids and total sugars) were found in higher quantities than in the later stages. Protein, oil and starch contents increased gradually from day 7 to day 42. The rate of accumulation of oil was found to be at the highest level between 21–28 days after flowering, while the rate of protein deposition was greatest between days 35–42. Inditiation of seed maturation seems to start 21 days after flowering in okra seeds.     

开花至鼓粒期干旱对大豆籽粒化学品质的影响

大豆在开花、结荚及鼓粒期干旱，蛋白质含量均上升，脂肪含量及脂肪蛋白总量则下降，以鼓粒期干旱的变化为最显著；荚期干旱的不饱和脂肪酸（主要是油酸１８：１）含量的提高与饱和脂肪酸（主要是棕榈酸１６：０）含量的降低均极显著，亚麻酸含量亦下降。