紫杆柽柳谷胱甘肽硫转移酶基因的克隆及功能鉴定

根据GenBank已公布的植物谷胱甘肽硫转移酶基因EST序列，设计引物利用3’和5’RACE方法，获得紫杆柽柳GST基因(TaGST)全长cDNA序列，全长为1175 bp，开放读码区672 bp, 编码224个氨基酸。其所编码的蛋白与大豆的GST10同源性最高为48%。利用pET-28a（+）构建了紫杆柽柳GST基因的原核表达载体，转入BL21大肠杆菌进行了原核表达。诱导表达蛋白的SDS-PAGE检测表明, 所表达的蛋白分子量约为26 kD，与预测的分子量大小一致。初步的酶学活性的检测表明所克隆的基因编码的肽段具有催化GST蛋白通用底物CDNB和GSH反应的活性。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌YN-1抑菌蛋白TasA基因的克隆及原核表达

本文以解淀粉芽孢杆菌YN-1菌株为研究对象,利用PCR方法从基因组DNA中扩增出编码TasA抑菌基因的全长DNA,并构建pGEX-4T2/TasA原核表达载体,获得TasA-GST融合表达的抑菌蛋白。测序结果表明,解淀粉芽孢杆菌YN-1TasA基因核苷酸序列全长为786bp(GenBank登录号:EU131674),编码261个氨基酸残基;同源性分析表明,它与解淀粉芽孢杆菌B.amyloliquefaciens FZB42(YP_001421886)序列的同源性最高,达98%,预测蛋白分子量为31kD。SDS-PAGE分析表明,TasA基因能在大肠杆菌BL21中表达,Western印迹分析pGEX-4T2/TasA原核表达载体,检测到约57kD的TasA-GST融合外源蛋白,与预测的融合蛋白分子量大小相符。表达产物细胞裂解液上清经Ni柱层析,表明浓度为500mmol/L咪唑洗脱缓冲液时获得较高浓度和纯度的纯化蛋白。进一步抑菌活性分析表明表达产物对黄瓜灰霉病病原菌检测平板上显示出较好的抑菌活性。本研究结果将为今后深入研究TasA抑菌蛋白基因以及抗病转基因工程提供了参考。     

花生抗黄曲霉相关ARAhPR10基因克隆及其原核表达

花生黄曲霉污染已成为制约我国花生及花生制品出口贸易的关键因素。基于花生抗黄曲霉相关EST序列,RT-PCR法克隆花生ARAhPR10基因（gb｜EU661964.1）,开放读码框471bp,编码157个氨基酸,分子量16.9kD,等电点5.03。与已报导AhPR10（gb｜AY726607）相似性为49.3％。推导氨基酸序列含有PR10家族的高度保守“P-loop”基序（G＊GG＊G）和Betv1保守疏水结构域“GVALP PTAEK ITFET KLVEG PNGGS IGKLT LKY”,推测ARAhPR10是该花生PR10家族的新成员。其基因组扩增序列长度561bp,两个外显子间存在一个长度为87bp的内含子。原核表达ARAhPR10的融合蛋白约25kD,Ni^＋-NTA树脂亲和纯化后获得电泳单一条带。纯化的ARAhPR10融合蛋白具有体外核酸酶活性,预测其具有抗黄曲霉活性。该基因的克隆及其原核表达融合蛋白的获取为ARAhPR10功能研究奠定了基础。     

小金海棠S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶基因（MxSAMS）的克隆和表达分析

从本实验室建立的小金海棠缺铁差减文库中分离出一个cDNA片段,在GenBank中发现该片段与其它植物的S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶(SAMS)基因具有90%的同源性。利用RACE技术成功地获得小金海棠（Malus xiaojinensis）SAMS基因(MxSAMS)的cDNA全长序列（GenBank登录号：EU639408）,该基因cDNA全长1 479 bp,最大开放阅读框1 176 bp,编码392个氨基酸,酶蛋白理论分子量为42.99 kD;与其它植物的蛋白质氨基酸序列同源性在88.1%~92.6%之间。推测的MxSAMS蛋白质三级结构包含3个保守结构域和一个保守的ATP结合位点GAGDQG。Southern 杂交显示,MxSAMS基因在小金海棠基因组中是单拷贝的。半定量RT-PCR结果表明,该基因在小金海棠的根和叶中均受缺铁胁迫诱导增强表达。     

棉铃虫核型多角体病毒ORF27基因的表达和细胞内定位

棉铃虫核型多角体病毒（HaSNPV）ORF27编码区全长768bp，编码255个氨基酸残基组成的多肽，预计分子量29.5kD。PCR扩增获得该基因，克隆到融合表达载体pGEX-4t-2中，表达蛋白分子量55.5kD，表达量约占细菌总蛋白的9.2%。割胶透析法纯化融合蛋白，免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体。再把该基因插入到转移载体pFastBacHTb，转化大肠杆菌DH10Bac感受态细胞，构建重组病毒；提取病毒基因组DNA，在Lipofectin介导下转染昆虫细胞Tn-5B1-4。表达蛋白分子量为32kD，表达量约占细胞总蛋白的2.9%。将ORF27在昆虫细胞中表达产物固定，免疫电镜法确定表达蛋白主要存在于细胞的细胞质中。ORF27基因表达及在细胞内定位为其进一步研究提供了基础。     

猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌毒素Ⅳ部分基因片段的体外表达与初步应用

参照GenBank中的猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌（Actinobacillus pleuropeumoniae，App）血清1和3型菌株序列设计了1对特异性引物，用PCR方法扩增毒素Ⅳ（ApxⅣ）基因3’端1096bp的目的片段，然后克隆到pMD 18-T载体中，转入大肠杆菌（Eschetichia coli）的宿主菌DH5a中，提取阳性克隆质粒进行双酶切和测序鉴定，将T-载体中切下目的片段定向克隆到pET32a（＋）中，转入E．coli BL2I（DE3），经IPTG诱导可表达分子量约60kD的蛋白，免疫转印鉴定呈阳性，ApxⅣ基因体外成功表达。以纯化的表达产物包被ELISA板，初步检测了一些血清样品，结果预示表达的蛋白可用于区分灭活疫苗免疫和野毒感染。     

GDA2基因的克隆、原核表达与融合蛋白的纯化

摘要：GDA2（G2 pea dark accumulated gene）是与G2豌豆（Pisum sativum L.）短日照条件下不衰老现象紧密相关的基因之一。实验用cDNA差示分析法（representational difference analysis, RDA）得到一个短日照下特异表达的G2豌豆cDNA，并命名为 GDA2。核酸序列分析表明，该cDNA全长1 120 bp，最大的开放阅读框为642 bp，编码一个由213个氨基酸构成的分子量约为24 kD的蛋白质，与GDA1的同源性为36%。在GDA2的cDNA两端分别引入Bgl Ⅱ与XhoⅠ的酶切位点，用PCR方法将其克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中，经过酶切筛选和测序鉴定，得到所需的表达载体pGEX-GDA2。将pGEX-GDA2导入E.coli BL21菌株，经IPTG诱导，得到分子量约51 kD的 GST-GDA2融合蛋白，并利用Glutathione Sepharose 4B亲和柱对该融合蛋白加以纯化。GDA2-GST融合蛋白的表达和纯化工作，为深入研究GDA2蛋白的结构与功能以及该基因同衰老的关系打下良好的基础。     

麦长管蚜嗅觉相关蛋白Gqα基因的克隆及真核表达

根据已报道无脊椎动物嗅觉相关蛋白Gqα的氨基酸序列保守区设计简并引物,以麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenae)有翅成蚜cDNA为模板,结合RT-PCR及RACE技术扩增编码麦长管蚜Gqα蛋白的cDNA序列,其cDNA序列开放阅读框长为 1 062 bp,编码352个氨基酸,预测蛋白分子量为40.8 kD,与GenBank多个物种Gqα cDNA序列及氨基酸序列均有很高相似性(≥82.17%)(GenBank登录号为EF638906),并具有Gα亚基q类蛋白的典型特征。利用TOPO及Gateway技术,通过体外重组反应,构建苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核型多角体杆状病毒(Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus, AcMNPV)重组病毒。将N端融合了V5-His6标记的V5-His6Gqα序列整合到AcMNPV病毒基因组DNA中, 得到具有独立转染活性的重组杆状病毒。转染粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia ni)离体细胞系Tn-5B1-4(Tn细胞),进行Gqα蛋白的真核表达。SDS-PAGE检测到预期分子量约42 kD的蛋白带,Western blot检测到表达产物。表明含有6个组氨酸标签及V5抗体结合位点的Gqα融合蛋白V5-His6Gqα在昆虫离体细胞系中成功地表达。     

中国野生葡萄芪合成酶基因融合表达、纯化及多克隆抗体制备

根据中国野生葡萄芪合成酶基因cDNA序列(该序列已申请国家发明专利,申请号:200510041662.4),设计1对PCR引物,以野生种华东葡萄(Vitispseudoreticulata)白河-35-15'RACEcDNA第一链为模板,克隆该目的基因。将该基因克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1上,转化EscherichiacoliBL21,经诱导后表达出约66kD的融合蛋白。该融合蛋白主要以包涵体形式表达,经变性剂溶解、梯度透析,对该包涵体进行复性,复性蛋白通过与GlutathioneSepharose4BFastFlow结合、洗脱,获得了纯化的芪合成酶融合蛋白。以洗涤纯化的包涵体作抗原免疫家兔,制备多克隆抗血清,经Westernblot检测,该抗血清(稀释到1∶3000)与芪合成酶融合蛋白识别反应良好。     

牛分枝杆菌CFP-10基因的表达和重组蛋白的纯化

根据GenBank中牛分枝杆菌的基因序列,设计合成一对扩增CFP-10基因完整ORF的特异性引物,以pET32a（＋）为载体构建重组表达载体CFP-10／pET32a（＋）。重组表达载体转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,经0．9mmol／LIPTG37。C诱导3h后表达,收集菌体并裂解,裂解后上清和沉淀经SDS—PAGE分析,结果表明融合蛋白分子量分别为30kD,表达产物以可溶性存在于上清中,后经Ni．NTA吸附柱方法对目的蛋白进行纯化,经薄层凝胶扫描分析,纯化后的His融合蛋白纯度达95％,该CFP-10表达蛋白可作为体外诊断抗原,为进一步建立检测牛分枝杆菌的方法奠定基础。     

青花菜BoCHS2基因的克隆、表达和反义载体的构建

根据前期的研究结果设计PCR引物,从青花菜(Brassica oleracea var.italica)叶片基因组DNA和cDNA中克隆到了查尔酮合成酶基因,定名为BoCHS2.BoCHS2的基因组DNA全长为1267bp,具一个长度为85bp的内含子,基因编码区全长为1182bp,编码393个氨基酸.基因序列已提交至...     

Cloning, characterization, and activity analysis of a flavonol synthase gene FtFLS1 and its association with flavonoid content in tartary buckwheat

Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies indicates that rutin, the main flavonoid in tartary buckwheat ( Fagopyrum tataricum ), may have high value for medicine and health. This paper reports the finding of a flavonol synthase (FLS) gene, cloned and characterized from F. tataricum and designated FtFLS1, that is involved in rutin biosynthesis. The FtFLS1 gene was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), and the recombinant soluble FtFLS1 protein had a relative molecular mass of 40 kDa. The purified recombinant protein showed, with dihydroquercetin as substrate, total and specific activities of 36.55 × 10(-3) IU and 18.94 × 10(-3) IU/mg, respectively, whereas the total and specific activities were 10.19 × 10(-3) IU and 5.28 × 10(-3) IU/mg, respectively, with dihydrokaempferol. RT-PCR revealed that during F. tataricum florescence there was an organ-specific expression pattern by the FtFLS1 gene, with similar trends in flavonoid content. These observations suggest that FtFLS1 in F. tataricum encodes a functional protein, which might play a key role in rutin biosynthesis.     

丹参海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶基因（SmTPS）的克隆及其表达分析

对丹参EST序列进行Blast分析,得到一条海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶（TPS）基因,将其命名为SmTPS,GenBank注册号为JF937196。该基因cDNA全长2836 bp,包含一个长为2574 bp的ORF,编码857个氨基酸。生物信息学分析表明,分子量为97.04 kD,等电点为5.76,含α-螺旋、β转角、延伸连和无规则卷曲。该蛋白同时具有海藻糖-6-磷酸合成酶（TPS）和海藻糖-6-磷酸磷酸酯酶（TPP）的功能结构域。系统进化树分析表明丹参TPS功能域和拟南芥AtTPS6属于一类,而TPP功能域与低等生物酵母ScTPS2属于一类。实时定量PCR结果分析表明,SmTPS基因在丹参不同组织器官中差异表达,其茎中表达量最高。在干旱和低温处理下,其表达量与对照相比均可上调约2倍,表明SmTPS基因在丹参抵抗干旱和低温胁迫中发挥一定的作用。     

茶树生长素抑制蛋白基因CsARP1的克隆与表达分析

从茶树休眠芽抑制消减杂交文库中分离得到生长素抑制蛋白基因的3＇-片段,以休眠芽为材料,利用RACE技术克隆了其cDNA全长,并利用荧光定量PCR研究了该基因在不同休眠阶段芽的相对表达量。结果从茶树休眠芽中获得一个全长为711bp的生长素抑制蛋白基因CsARP1（GenBank登录号为HQ225758）。该基因开放阅读框...     

绿色杜氏藻DvGGPS生物信息学及转录差异研究

香叶酰香叶酰焦磷酸合成酶(GGPS)能够催化焦磷酸异戊烯酯(IPP)与二甲基丙烯焦磷酸(DMAPP)反应形成二萜化合物通用前体香叶酰基香叶酰焦磷酸(GGPP)。为深入了解GGPS蛋白在类胡萝卜素合成途径中的作用,通过Illumina Hi Seq TM 2000高通量测序获得Dv GGPS基因c DNA全长序列,对GGPS基因序列进行生物信息学分析,并研究花生四烯酸(AA)、乙酰水杨酸(ASA)和硫酸铈铵(ACS)对Dv GGPS基因转录水平的影响及绿色杜氏藻类胡萝卜素含量变化。生物信息学分析结果表明,Dv GGPS基因c DNA全长2 229 bp,含1 041 bp开放阅读框,编码346个氨基酸。GGPS蛋白质序列理论等电点(p I)为5.82,相对分子质量为37.66 k Da,该蛋白为疏水性蛋白,无信号肽和跨膜区域。二级结构预测显示该蛋白分子中α-螺旋结构最多,占57.23%。同源比对结果表明,绿色杜氏藻GGPS蛋白与雨生红球藻亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR结果表明,62.5 mg·L~(-1)AA、50 mg·L~(-1)ASA和0.8 mg·L~(-1)ACS处理的Dv GGPS基因转录水平达到最高,此时类胡萝卜素含量也均有提高,说明绿色杜氏藻类胡萝卜素的生物学合成可能是通过诱导Dv GGPS基因表达实现的,Dv GGPS基因在类胡萝卜素生物合成中起关键作用。Dv GGPS基因的克隆及表达调控研究为今后探明类胡萝卜素积累的分子机理提供了重要参考,也为进一步通过代谢工程手段提高绿色杜氏藻类胡萝卜素含量奠定了理论基础。     

Piceid (resveratrol glucoside) synthesis in stilbene synthase transgenic apple fruit

A stilbene synthase gene along with the selectable marker gene bar for herbicide resistance was transferred via Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation into apple (Malus domesticaBorkh.) cvs. 'Elstar' and 'Holsteiner Cox'. The stilbene synthase catalyzes the conversion of 1 molecule of p-coumaroyl-CoA and 3 molecules of malonyl-CoA into 3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene, commonly known as resveratrol. This phytoalexin has implications in both phytopathology and human health. Greenhouse-grown transgenic and nontransformed control plants were grafted onto dwarfing rootstock M27. Flowering and fruiting occurred within the following years, offering the opportunity to analyze transgenic apple fruit and fertility of transgenic plants as well as inheritance of the transgenes into the seedling progeny. Molecular analysis revealed that the stilbene synthase is expressed in transgenic plants and in the skin and flesh of transgenic apple fruit. After formation, resveratrol is modified by the addition of a hexose sugar. The resulting component was characterized as piceid. With the aim of characterizing the influence of the novel biosynthetic pathway on the accumulation of other phenolic compounds naturally present in apple fruit, the amounts of flavanols, flavonols, phloretin derivatives and hydroxycinnamic acids in wild type and transgenic fruit were determined by HPLC. In all investigated transformed lines that accumulated piceid, no negative correlation between levels of piceid and the above-mentioned compounds was observed, except for the flavonol contents, which slightly decreased. Inheritance of the transgenes was confirmed in the seedling progeny, which were obtained after pollination of transgenic plants with nontransgenic pollen and vice versa after pollination of nontransgenic plants with pollen obtained from transgenic plants. The fertility of stilbene synthase transgenic plants was demonstrated. To the authors' knowledge this is the first time that data are available on piceid synthesis in transgenic apple fruit and the effects of its accumulation on levels of other phenolic compounds present in the fruit.     

花生果种皮发育相关特异基因的克隆和表达分析

本实验从花生果皮种仁抑制消减文库中筛选出了一个255bp的EST序列并进行了研究。构建了花生果种皮全长cDNA库并从中筛选出该基因的全长,命名为AhPSG8。此基因全长1118bp,开放阅读框第33～833个碱基,编码266个氨基酸残基组成的多肽。由生物信息学分析表明该基因编码多个活性位点蛋白,可能与细胞内DNA的转录有关;结构分析揭示出AhPSG8具有一个跨膜区,N端是一个由20个氨基酸组成的信号肽;该基因与已发表的基因序列没有明显的同源性,为一新基因;RT—PCR研究该基因在花生中的表达,结果显示该基因在果种皮中特异表达,10～40d果皮中丰富表达,推测为与花生果种皮发育相关基因。     

Two-phase flavonoid formation in developing strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) fruit

Flavonoids are important secondary metabolites in strawberry as they fulfill a wide variety of physiological functions. In addition, they are beneficial for human health. Previous studies have shown for selected enzymes from the flavonoid pathway that flavonoid biosynthesis shows two peaks during fruit development. We provide optimized protocols for the determination of the activities of the key flavonoid enzymes: phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chalcone synthase/chalcone isomerase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, flavonol synthase, flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase, and flavonoid 7-O-glucosyltransferase. Using these protocols we were able to demonstrate two distinct activity peaks during fruit ripening at early and late developmental stages for all enzymes with the exception of flavonol synthase. The first activity peak corresponds to the formation of flavanols, while the second peak is clearly related to anthocyanin and flavonol accumulation. The results indicate that flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase activity is not essential for redirection from flavanol to anthocyanin formation in strawberry.