羽衣甘蓝新品种冬春3、11号的选育

冬春3、11号羽衣甘蓝新品种植株板叶,株高13～15 cm,株幅25 cm×27cm,心叶幅16 cm×17 cm,外部叶片14～15片,颜色都为绿色,内部心叶21～24片,冬春3号心叶片颜色淡黄(白)色,中心叶片粉红色,冬春11号心叶片淡粉红色.生长排列紧密,包心,观赏性极优.是目前国内因地制宜育成的首批耐冻、晚抽苔的羽衣甘蓝杂优一代新品种,适合长江两岸及以北广大地区12月至3月填补室外盆花空白观赏.     

冬春1、2、4、5号羽衣甘蓝新品种的选育

冬春1、2、4、5号羽衣甘蓝新品种是由父本βB-2分别和母本⑧A-C-2-5、⑩B-7-2-2、(24)A-1-1及⑤A-1-1配制的一代杂种.冬春1、2、4号植株板叶,株高12 cm～20 cm(厘米),株幅26 cm～32 cm(厘米)×26 cm～32 cm(厘米),心叶幅16 cm～18 cm(厘米)×16 cm～18 cm(厘米),外部叶片12～16片,颜色分别为墨绿色、紫绿色和绿色,内部心叶17～28片,颜色分别为红色、深红色和外侧淡黄白内侧深粉红色.冬春5号植株皱叶,株高14 cm(厘米),株幅32 cm×28 cm(厘米),心叶幅19 cm×17 cm(厘米),外部叶片16片,颜色为墨绿和绿色,内部心叶22片,颜色为深粉红色.是目前国内因地制宜育成的首批耐冻性强、晚抽苔(冬春1、2、4、5号耐最低气温-6℃～-10℃冰冻、3月10～30日显蕾抽苔,对照名古屋和大阪等品种耐最低气温-2℃～-3℃冰冻、2月10～20日前显蕾抽苔)杂种一代新品种,适合黄河流域及以南广大地区12月至3月填补室外盆花空白观赏的羽衣甘蓝新品种.     

羽衣甘蓝“冬春”皱叶系列新品种

羽衣甘蓝“冬春”皱叶系列新品种扩大了应用地区。延长了观赏时间，观赏性更优。现介绍的新品种耐-8℃-12℃冰冻，晚抽苔，观赏期最晚可到4月上中旬，适合浙江、江西、湖南和贵州等省及上述省份以北的广大地区冬季早春观赏。     

早熟甘蓝“春甘2号”

<正>春甘2号是北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心利用甘蓝胞质雄性不育系途径配制而成的一个早熟、耐裂的圆球形甘蓝新品种。其母本为通过多代回交转育获得的一个稳定的甘蓝胞质雄性不育系,2001年试配组合,2002-2003年进行品种比     

春大白菜福春2号的选育

春大白菜新品种福春2号是由DH109-12(纯系)与自交不素和系阳春-5配制而成的一代杂种.中熟,耐抽薹,从定植到采收75天左右.株型半直立,抗病毒病、霜霉病和菌核病.叶球顶部舍抱、卵圆形,球内叶白色,叶球纵径28 cm、横径17 cm,单球质量2～2.5 kg,净菜率75%.一般667 m2净菜产量3500～4000...     

冬枣新品种沾冬2号的科学栽植与管理

<正>沾冬2号是一个优良的晚熟鲜食冬枣新品种,其果形美观、果个大、成熟期晚,鲜食口感明显优于冬枣传统品种。笔者了解到,目前该品种主要靠高接换头推广,幼苗建园存在苗木栽植成活率低(2012年试验地平均成活率为65%)、栽后当年越冬能力差以及成活后苗木长势弱等问题。针对此,笔者总结了利用优质苗木、采取科学精细栽植方法、加强栽后抚育管理等确保沾冬2号成活、提高成活后生长势的关键技术措施。1栽植时期春、秋两季均可栽植,春栽一般在3月下旬至4月下旬,秋栽一般在11月中旬左右。沾冬2号耐寒性差,建议春栽。     

超早熟桃“春冠”在重庆的引种初报

以甘肃农科院林果花卉研究所通过杂交结合胚挽救技术培育的普通桃新品种春冠(代号03-14-7)为试材,以五月金及中油11号为对照,2011年初引入重庆后,对物候期、生长势、产量、果实主要经济性状及抗逆性等进行比较分析.结果表明,“春冠”表现特早熟、极丰产、品质优良及抗病力强等特点.平均单果重76 g,最大果重125 g,可溶性固形物含量14.1％,果实4月24日至5月4日成熟,果实发育期47～52天,成熟期比五月金早熟10天,比中油11号早熟7天,是重庆地区成熟最早的桃新品种.     

梨抗寒新品种“红秀1号”与“红秀2号”

梨抗寒新品种红秀1号、红秀2号系1975年以秋子梨系统的延边大香水为母本,苹果梨为父本杂交育成。表现抗寒性强,可耐-35℃左右低温,果实中型,果面有红晕或红霞,外观美丽,品质优良。红秀1号果实晚熟,较耐贮藏,开始结果早,丰产性强,且植株较矮小,适宜密植。1989年通过兵团(省级)鉴定,现已在北疆推广栽植2300余亩。     

日光温室冬春茬厚皮甜瓜栽培技术

烟台地区日光温室冬春茬厚皮甜瓜生产,一般在12月上旬至1月下旬播种育苗,1月中旬至2月下旬定植,4～6月采收。由于上市早、品质优,667m~2产3000kg左右,收入1.5万元左右。现将栽培技术介绍如下。1品种选择选择金蜜、鲁厚甜一号、阿瑞娃、蜜天下、伊丽莎白、特大状元等成熟早、品质优、耐低温、耐弱光、高产、抗病,适合市场     

茄子新品种“象牙白茄2号”的选育

象牙白茄2号是以竹料白茄为母本,以9832-1-1-3为父本,杂交而成的白茄新品种。该品种早熟,播种至初收75 d,延续采收期51 d,全生育期126 d;果长棒状,头尾较匀称,果皮白色,有光泽;果肉白色,商品性状优良。耐阴性、耐寒性、耐涝性好;丰产性好,平均每667 m~2产量2 566.7 kg,适合华南地区春秋季栽培。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.