增施有机肥料对促进黄土高原农业可持续发展的作用

农耕地增施有机肥料能够改良土壤,培肥地力,促进植株生长,增加作物产量,显著改善农产品品质,提高农业生产的经济效益.同时,可增加土壤团粒结构,改善长期使用化学肥料所形成的土壤板结,增加土壤降雨入渗强度,减少地面径流量,减轻农耕地水土流失量.土壤中氮和农药等有害物质的流失是以水土流失为载体,进入江河、湖泊、水库等水源地,加大了这些水源地的污染,所以减轻了土壤水土流失量,就能够很好控制农耕地有害物质的流失,减轻江河、湖泊、水库等水源地的泥沙淤积和水质污染.因此科学使用有机肥料,可减少水土流失,减轻环境污染,改善农产品品质,又可减少化学肥料农药的投入,对促进山区农业持续发展和河流生态修复将起到积极的作用.     

“三高”农业与土肥作用及对策—以梅县为例

“三高”农业与土壤和肥料有密切关系。地力是作物产量和质量的重要基础，要取得高产、优质、高效，就必须坚持不懈地培肥地力。土壤中营养元素的含量、肥料类型和施肥技术，都对农产品产量和品质有很大的影响。因此，培肥地力因土种植、合理施肥能提高经济效益、生态效益和社会效益。忽视土肥工作，将影响“三高”农业的发展。     

三峡库区“移土培肥”工程的水土流失问题浅析

三峡库区“移土培肥”工程在我国是一项全新的工程项目,对库区发展和耕地保护事业的开拓具有重要意义。介绍了三峡库区“移土培肥”工程的背景和基本概况,详细论述了工程的实施情况,并在此基础上对三峡库区“移土培肥”工程实施过程中可能产生的水土流失问题进行了分析并提出了相应的对策。本论文对于防止三峡库区“移土培肥”工程的水土流失具有重要的参考价值和指导意义。     

利用盆栽试验初探猪场粪污在旱地土壤中的环境容量

试验目的在于利用油麦菜(Lactuca sativa L.)盆栽试验探索猪粪的土壤环境容量,寻求农业与环境长期和谐共生的重庆山地适度规模种养耦合技术。根据N、P、K化肥与猪粪的不同配比施肥试验结果,分析猪粪施用量对油麦菜硝酸盐、全氮、全磷、有效磷和全钾含量及产量的影响。初步结果显示,猪粪在试验用的紫色土和黄壤中环境容量分别为5.82t/hm2、11.64t/hm2;紫色土与黄壤相比较而言,猪粪对于黄壤的培肥和油麦菜的高产栽培具有更显著效果。     

旱地农田土壤培肥技术

土壤是农业生产的基本资料．肥力是土壤的基本特征。在生产实践中,往往是水分和养分等土地因素限制光能的转化和利用。即或是地力较高,如果只用不养或用多养少,土地肥力也会逐渐变低。因此,培肥地力是农业生产中不容忽视的重要环节。     

旱地多熟间套作不同培肥方法对作物产量和土壤肥力的影响

通过设三季秸秆还田、三季秸秆＋冬绿肥还田、三季栏肥还田、冬绿肥还田及主施化肥为对照等5个处理，研究了山区旱地多熟间套作不同培肥方法的培肥效果，试验结果表明，各种培肥方法的培肥效果依次为三季栏肥还田〉三季秸秆〉冬绿肥还田〉三季秸秆还田〉冬绿肥还田〉对照。     

饲用型牧草东科“巨谷”改土培肥效应研究

在河西走廊盐土上种植饲用型牧草东科"巨谷",改土培肥效果明显。种植巨谷3年与CK比较,0～20cm土层中自然含水量增加99.72g kg-1、土壤贮水量增加171.78m3 hm-2、>0.25mm团粒结构增加22.64%、总孔度增加13.64%、毛管孔度增加8.05%、土壤容重降低0.23g cm3;pH由8.03降到7.79,全盐含量降低3.70 g kg-1,脱盐率达到70.34%;土壤有机质增加2.98 g kg-1、速效N、P、K分别增加14.74mg kg-1、2.26mg kg-1、37.26 mg kg-1。种植巨谷3年,平均株高265.25cm,茎粗3.80cm,单株鲜重1165.62g,单株干重384.65g,鲜草产量78.68t hm-2,干草产量25.96t hm-2,产值7300元hm-2。     

Soil microbial inoculants for sustainable agriculture: Limitations and opportunities

The burgeoning global market for soil microbial inoculants for use in agriculture is being driven by pressure to increase sustainable crop production by managing pests and diseases without environmental impacts. Microbial inoculants, based predominantly on bacteria and fungi, are applied to soil as alternatives to conventional inorganic fertilizers (biofertilizers) or to carry out specific functions including biocontrol of pests and diseases (biopesticides), or for bioremediation and enhancement of soil characteristics. While some soil inoculants such as rhizobia have a long and successful history of use, others have performed inconsistently in the field and failed to live up to their promise suggested by laboratory testing. A more precise understanding of the ecology and modes of action of inoculant strains is key to optimizing their efficacy and guiding their targeted use to situations where they address key limitations to crop production. This will require greater collaboration between science disciplines, including microbiology, plant and soil science, molecular biology and agronomy. Inoculants must be produced and formulated to ensure their effective establishment in the soil and practicality of implementation alongside existing cropping practices. New approaches to strain selection and construction of beneficial microbial consortia should lead to more efficacious inoculant products. Extensive and rigorous field evaluation of inoculants under a range of soil and environmental conditions has rarely been undertaken and is urgently needed to validate emerging inoculant products and underpin successful implementation by growers, especially in a market that is largely unregulated at present.     

浅谈东北农业可持续发展战略及有效途径

本文概述了区域农业可持续发展及其产业化战略的特征、目标及意义, 并在分析东北农业产业化现状及存在问题的基础上, 探讨了实现东北农业可持续发展的有效途径及产业化建设应遵循的原则及相应对策。东北农业应立足于资源优势和较好的农业生态环境, 立足于巩固国家优质商品粮储备基地的重要地位,从可持续发展的高度, 规划和组织农业产业化, 将东北农业产业化纳入区域农业与农村可持续发展的总体战略, 实施“可持续农业产业化”战略。在实施可持续农业产业化战略中应坚持社会公正性、资源永续利用和环境保护、因地制宜发挥区域优势、科技与教育为本的原则和策略, 并发挥地方政府在可持续农业产业化战略中的保驾护航作用。     

生态有机肥与农业可持续发展

阐述了生态有机肥与农业可持续发展的关系 ,指出生态有机肥具有改良土壤 ,提高土壤肥力 ,改善土壤对植物N、P、K等营养元素供给 ,提高植物抗病能力 ,减少植物病虫害 ,辅之秸秆堆肥还田 ,可减少化肥农药施用量 ,促进农业良性循环等重要作用     

试论绿色食品与农业可持续发展

阐述了绿色食品和农业可持续发展思想产生的背景与内涵、绿色食品与农业可持续发展的关系，指出农业的可持续发展思想是开发绿色食品的理论基础，绿色食品的开发和生产有利于农业可持续发展思想的实现，二是相辅相成，将共同推进整个人类社会的可持续发展。     

我国湿地农业可持续发展模式探析

阐述了湿地农业内涵及不合理开发带来的湿地农业生态环境问题,探讨了我国3类典型湿地农业可持续发展模式,并提出发展对策     

集水型生态农业与西北地区农业可持续发展

西部大开发的基础是农业，其首要问题和最基本目标是解决农民脱贫。西北地区农业生产生态环境脆弱，在西部大开发过程中必须将生态环境重建与当地农民脱贫、农业和农村经济发展紧密结合起来，采取适应该地区特点的集水型生态农业，以提高农业生产力，增加农民收入,经济、社会和生态三大效益并重。     

再论可持续农业思想的发展及其与中国生态农业的关系

简述了可持续农业发展思想及作为其指导思想的生态学理论近10余年来的发展动向,用比较研究的方法探讨了中国农业可持续发展既不同于发达国家、也不同于一般发展中国家的独特道路。明确指出中国生态农业是当前推行可持续农业的最现实且有效的途径。     

约旦河谷土壤含盐量变化对其灌溉农业可持续发展的潜在危害研究

The integrated effect of irrigation and agricultural practices on soil salinity in the Jordan Valley （JV）, where over 60% of Jordan’s agricultural produce is grown, was investigated in this study during 2009-2010. Due to the differences in agricultural operations, cropping patterns, irrigation management, and weather conditions, 206 top- and sub-soil samples were taken every 1 to 3 km from representative farms along a north-south （N-S） transect with 1 to 2 km lateral extents. Soil electrical conductivity of saturated extract (EC_se), Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cl, and Na adsorption ratio （SAR） were determined in saturated paste extracts. Results indicated that about 63% of soils in the JV are indeed saline, out of which almost 46% are moderately to strongly saline. Along the N-S transect of the JV, EC_se increased from 4.5 to 14.1 dS m^-1 in top-soil samples. Similar increase was observed for the sub-soil samples. The major chemical components of soil salinity; i.e., Ca, Mg, and Cl, also showed a similar increase along the N-S transect of the valley. Moreover, compared to previous field sampling, results showed that changes in soil salinity in the JV were dramatic. In addition, it was found that Cl imposed an existing and potential threat to sensitive crops in 60% of the soils in the JV, where Cl concentrations were greater than 710 mg L^-1. Under the prevalent arid Mediterranean conditions, improving the management of irrigation water, crops, and nutrient inputs and increasing water and fertilizer use efficiencies should be indispensable to conserve and sustain the already fragile agricultural soils in the JV.     

鄱阳湖区农业可持续发展对策

阐述了鄱阳湖区自然资源现状与存在的主要问题,并提出鄱阳湖区农业可持续发展目标及其对策     

21世纪我国可持续发展战略实施对策

阐述了21世纪我国可持续发展战略的目标、特征和实施对策,指出必须强化全社会可持续发展意识,建立产权制度和综合管理机制,转变传统的经济增长方式,推进我国经济社会发展战略的根本性转变。