基于WebGIS的冬枣病虫害信息服务平台的构建研究

近年来冬枣病虫害的发生已经成为限制枣农丰收的主要因素,该系统基于WebGIS构建了一个冬枣病虫害的信息服务平台,可以使枣农与专家进行冬枣病虫害信息交流,及时解决病虫害限制丰收瓶颈的问题。该平台技术基于ASP.NET3.0,在数据库SQLServer2005支持下,利用面向对象技术,整合有关地理信息系统(GIS)功能。结果表明:实现了冬枣信息、病虫害信息的查询与管理、空间信息发布、BBS论坛等功能。该系统为枣农搭建了一个冬枣栽培管理技术服务的信息平台,能很好地服务于枣农。     

沾冬2号枣的高效栽培管理技术

介绍了沾冬2号枣的露地和设施高效栽培管理技术,采用普通冬枣树高接换头建园,科学肥水管理,病虫害综合防治,合理修剪和控制坐果等技术,实现缩短成园年限,达到优质、高效、丰产。     

老龄枣树修剪技术与提高坐果措施

鲁北是我国金丝小枣、鲁北冬枣的主要产地之一，栽培历史悠久，分布面积广阔。近年来，随着科技进步和科研成果的推广应用，枣区农民在枣树生产中逐步走上了由粗放管理向精细经营的轨道。枣树整形修剪技术为越来越多的枣农所接受，但在调查中发现，有些枣区在推广使用这项技术中，往往忽视老枣树的更新修剪，为此．现将老枣树的更新修剪技术介绍如下供参考。     

枣树栽培管理关键技术研究

枣树是我国特有的经济树种之一,枣树种植的经济效益和生态效益非常明显。文章从枣树育苗、枣树栽植、土水肥管理、整枝修剪以及病虫害防治等方面介绍枣树栽培技术,以期为枣树的种植栽培提供合理的技术参考。     

北方冬枣无公害栽培管理技术

从冬枣建园、水肥管理、整形修剪、病虫害防治及采收等四个方面,介绍了北方冬枣无公害栽培管理技术,供果农参考。     

冬枣整形修剪技术研究进展

冬枣是稀有的极品级鲜食枣良种，以其风味独特、含糖量高、成熟期晚而受到枣农和消费者的青睐。近30年来，随着枣树生产和科研的发展，主要枣品种的整形、修剪已经形成一套较为完整的技术体系。特别是冬枣、梨枣等鲜食大枣密植园的矮化、早期丰产修剪技术发展很快，对枣树进行整形修剪、建立各种理想树形的技术，正在日益发展和成熟。     

南方枣树丰产栽培关键技术

总结了南城县枣树栽培的实践,从良种选择、建园定植、肥水管理、整形修剪、病虫防治及采收等环节详细介绍了南方枣树丰产栽培技术。     

猕猴桃高效栽培关键技术

主要从猕猴桃品种、种植、整形修剪、肥水管理、病虫害防治及采摘技术等方面总结猕猴桃高效栽培技术,为猕猴桃种植技术提供依据。     

保护地栽培冬枣的技术要点

介绍了利用保护地栽培冬枣的技术要点,包括扣棚时间,棚室大小,株行距,温度和湿度的调控,整形修剪,肥水管理和病虫害防治等.     

冬枣萌动期至萌芽期管理技术

3～4月份为冬枣萌动期至萌芽期.此期主要虫害为盲蝽象、枣瘿蚊、枣锈壁虱、枣尺蠖、红蜘蛛、枣粘虫等,另外冬枣枝干病害也开始缓慢扩展,尤其是上年冬枣树体营养储备不足、抗逆性降低的枣树枝干病害应进行预防.因此加强冬枣栽培技术管理与病虫害防治非常重要.     

冬枣大棚高效盆栽技术

为了减少冬枣农药、化肥、激素的残留,改善冬枣生长的生态环境,提高冬枣的产量和品质,增加枣农经济效益,为冬枣无公害化、绿色生产奠定良好的基础,现从砧木培育、嫁接成苗、定植上盆、入棚、主要病虫害防治及系列栽培措施等方面进行了探索总结,为枣农增收提供了新的栽培模式。     

2010年阿拉尔地区酸枣实生苗冻害调查

对阿拉尔地区1 a生酸枣实生苗进行实地调查,应用分级确定了2010年1 a生酸枣实生苗受冻害情况.结果表明:没浇冬灌水的冻害指数为25.25,浇冬灌水的冻害指数为14.25.9～10月没施氮肥冻害指数只有12,9～10月施氮肥并浇冬灌水冻害指数为32.5.施农家肥的冻害指数为18.25.低洼沟坝地冻害指数高达34.25.表明9～10月不施氮肥、浇冬灌水酸枣实生苗受冻情况轻.     

三种防冻剂在北疆枣树上的应用

新疆北疆地区属高寒区,近年来北疆红枣受冻现象时有发生,新疆农垦科学院选择目前国内较好的3种防冻剂在枣树上应用,旨在为该区鲜枣业发展提供技术支持。结果表明:3种防冻剂均可使大部分简易大棚枣树安全越冬,并均提高了枣树的新梢生长量。     

冬枣果实中稀土元素含量研究

稀土元素是人体重要的营养成分,但是含量高时又会对人体造成危害.现应用ICP-MS分析了冬枣果实中稀土元素的含量.结果表明:冬枣果实中含有9种稀土元素:La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Th和U,它们的浓度分别是1.46、2.45、0.34、1.06、0.25、0.07、0.21、0.44和0.26ng/g,说明冬枣中稀土元素处在一个较低水平.稀土元素在冬枣果实中的积累规律的机理还需要进一步研究.     

秋季叶施尿素及乙烯利对枣树贮藏氮素的影响

枣树(Zizyphus jujuba Mill.)秋季叶施尿素、乙烯利及尿素十乙烯利均可促进叶片及落性枝的氮素向树体回流,增加树体贮藏氮素水平,尤以尿素 200ppm乙烯利的效果最佳;尿素及乙烯利处理均增加了次年枣吊长度、平均单果重及枣果还原糖含量;尿素处理还显著增加了叶片及新梢含氮量,座果数,但降低了枣果蔗糖含量。枣树秋冬季地上部与根系具有同等重要的贮藏氮素作用;蛋白态氮是主要贮藏形态,为非蛋白态氮的2—3倍。     

贮藏过程中冬枣的生理变化

以冬枣白熟果和半红果为试材,研究在不同贮藏温度下枣果的相关生理变化.结果表明,在常温和低温下贮藏,枣果硬度下降均表现为前期缓慢,后期加快;低温能显著降低果实失水率;低温下果实呼吸速率和乙烯释放量均维持在较低水平,在整个贮藏期未见明显呼吸跃变高峰.初步认为,冬枣属非呼吸跃变型果实.     

枣和酸枣亲缘关系的RAPD分析

选取陕北黄河峡谷一带的44份种质为研究对象,其中枣25份、酸枣11份和过渡型酸枣8份,采用RAPD分子标记技术,探索枣和酸枣在起源地的亲缘关系。结果表明:13个引物共扩增195条谱带,其中多态性带161条,占总扩增谱带的82.56%,平均每个引物扩增15条谱带、扩增多态性谱带12.38条。表明枣、过渡型酸枣和酸枣种质具有丰富的遗传多样性。聚类分析把44份供试材料分为3类,地理区域相近的酸枣、过渡型酸枣和枣多聚在一起,其遗传相似性大,表现出较近的亲缘关系;可以看出酸枣经过渡型酸枣向枣的演化通过多条路径完成。该研究说明,在我国枣的起源地或原产地,研究枣和酸枣的遗传演化关系,具有较强的代表性。     

Influence of calcium propionate on the control of post-harvest rots of jujube and the biocontrol activity of an antagonistic yeast

The effect of calcium propionate (CaP) on post-harvest pathogens of winter jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.), and on improving the efficacy of the biocontrol yeast, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, were evaluated. In vitro, CaP at ≥2% (w/v) had significant inhibitory effects on spore germination and germ-tube growth in Penicillium citrinum and Alternaria alternata. However, the application of 2% (w/v) CaP did not affect population growth of M. pulcherrima in nutrient yeast dextrose in vivo. With or without CaP, yeast cell numbers increased after 72 h by approx. 11.1-fold and 13.4-fold, respectively. The concentration of the antagonistic yeast suspension influenced the incidence of both pathogens and lesion development on jujube fruit, and the effect increased with an increase in yeast cell concentration. A combination of the antagonistic yeast plus 2% (w/v) CaP resulted in a lower incidence of disease and smaller lesion diameters compared to treatments with the antagonistic yeast alone. In this case, the incidence of disease was reduced by 16.8–27.3% for P. citrinum and by 25.2–31.4% for A. alternata. Lesion diameters on these fruit were 2.7–6.2 cm and 1.8–2.4 cm for P. citrinum and A. alternata, respectively. Calcium propionate had a consistent ability to enhance the biocontrol activity of M. pulcherrima against blue mould (P. citrinum) and Alternaria rot on jujube fruit. Thus, the application of 2% (w/v) CaP could be a useful approach to improve the efficacy of the antagonistic yeasts used for post-harvest disease control in jujube.     

Development and characterization of SSR markers in Chinese jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) and its related species

In order to study the extensively genetic diversities of more than 700 cultivars of Chinese jujube, it is necessary to utilize various informative DNA markers. SSR markers are highly polymorphic, co-dominant, locus-specific markers widely used in genetic studies, but less used in Chinese jujube because of no specific primers available. In this study, we used the approach of selectively amplified microsatellite (SAM) to develop SSR markers for Chinese jujube and its related species. Three cultivars (Dongzao, Dalilongzao and Jinsixiaozao) were selected to perform the approach of SAM with CT repeats. There were totally 25 primers obtained, of which we selected 16 primers available to detect the polymorphism in populations of 24 Chinese jujube cultivars, two wild jujube varieties and two Indian jujube cultivars. Based on these primers, genetic relationships of the 28 samples were constructed in a dendrogram according to the UPGMA cluster analysis. The samples were clustered into three main groups, including Chinese jujube, wild jujube and Indian jujube as expected. The 16 sequence-specific SSR primers could efficiently distinguish all the 24 cultivars of Chinese jujube, except for two cultivars, Jinsixiaozao and its ‘stoneless’ mutant, Wuhexiaozao. As a result, SAM was a very efficient method in targeted developing sequence-specific SSR primers in Chinese jujube. Furthermore, SAMs could also be used as high polymorphic molecular markers independently. The further study would focus on developing other oligonucleotide repeat types and applying more SSRs available in the genetic research of Chinese jujube.