Assessment of future climate change impacts on snowmelt and stream water quality for a mountainous high-elevation watershed using SWAT

Paddy and Water Environment - The Soil and Water Assessment Tool model was applied to assess the potential climate change impact on snowmelt and the non-point source pollution discharges in a...     

Assessing climate change adaptations for community-scale water resources using a low-frequency weather generator

Paddy and Water Environment - Water adaptation strategies are necessary for decreasing climate change impacts on local societies. This study models a community water supply system as a distributed...     

Analysis by numerical experiments of desalinization of a salt-affected paddy field using a rice husk underdrainage system

Paddy and Water Environment - In a monsoon climate, salt accumulates not only in drylands, but also in paddy fields during the dry season. Because natural desalinization by gravitational drainage...     

International academy of agricultural and biosystems engineering (iAABE): a new instrument for recognizing the top profession

Paddy and Water Environment -     

Assessing Drought Tolerance of Snap Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris) From Genotypic Differences In Leaf Water Relations,Shoot Growth and Photosynthetic Parameters

Abstract

The Leaf Water Relations, Photosynthetic Parameters and Shoot Growth of Five Snap Bean Cultivars Were Assessed During The Drought Period To Determine Their Role In Alleviating Plant Water Deficit Imposed By Withholding Irrigation At Flowering. Soil Water Content of Irrigated Plants Was 18-20% While That of Unirrigated Plants Was 6-10% At 60 Days After Seeding (Das). Leaf Water Potential Was Approximately 0.15Mpa Lower and Relative Water Content Was Approximately 5% Lower In Unirrigated Plants Than In Irrigated Plants At 57 Das. Unirrigated Plants Had A Lower Stomatal Conductance (G_s) and Intercellular Co₂ Concentration (C_i). Reduced Leaf Water Potential and Relative Water Content Were Associated With A Decreased Stem Elongation Rate. Plants With A Lower Stem Elongation Rate Had A Higher Specific Leaf Weight and Succulence Index (Suci). Significant Differences Among Five Cultivars of Snap Bean Were Found For All Parameters Measured. Decreased Leaf Water Potential and Stem Elongation Rate Resulting From Drought Participated In Preserving Relative Water Content and Improving Specific Leaf Weight and Suci. Maintenance of Higher Relative Water Content Increased G_s and C_i. Cultivars That Maintained A High Relative Water Content When Leaf Water Potential and Stem Elongation Rate Were Decreased Markedly, Were More Tolerant To Drought Than Those Which A Reduced Relative Water Content and The Leaf Water Potential and Stem Elongation Rate Were Only Slightly Lowered. Reduced Yield (Pods Per Plant and Seed Biomass) Resulting From Drought Was Associated With Reduced Relative Water Content.     

Influence of organic components and inorganic components of reed as a concrete admixture

Paddy and Water Environment - Vegetation in closed water area improves the natural environment by providing a habitat for juvenile shellfish and fish and by facilitating the intake of nutrients by...     

Water Acquisition From The Seasonal Wetland and Root Development of Pearl Millet Intercropped With Cowpea in A Flooding Ecosystem of Northern Namibia

Abstract

Seasonal Wetlands, Locally Called Oshanas, Are Characteristic of The Densely Populated Northern Namibia, A Desert Country in Southwest Africa. The Formation of Seasonal Wetlands, Which Will Sustain The Water Balance of A Semiarid Environment, Was Quite Unstable Depending Entirely On The Variable Rainfall in The Upper Catchments of Angola. The Objective of The Present Study Was To Evaluate The Use of Seasonal Wetland Water By Pearl Millet, The Local Staple Food Crop intercropped With Cowpea, To Discuss The Water Competition Pattern of intercropped Species. Root System Development of The intercropped Species Was Also Evaluated Together With The Water Source Analysis. For This Purpose, Field Experiments Using Pearl Millet intercropped With Cowpea in The Seasonal Wetland in Namibia University (Exp. 1) and Monocropped Pearl Millet in The Local Farmers Field (Exp. 2) Were Conducted in Northern Namibia. Both Pearl Millet and Cowpea Developed Deeper Root Systems As The Distance From The Seasonal Wetland Water increased. At Flowering Time, The δD Value of intercropped Cowpea Was Similar To That of Wetland Water, While That in Pearl Millet Was Much Lower Than Those of Both The Wetland Water and Groundwater. This indicated That intercropped Pearl Millet Did Not Have Full Access To The Wetland Water When There Was Competition With Cowpea For Water Derived From Various Water Sources. Under Such Circumstances, intercropped Pearl Millet Probably Relies More On The Rainfall Water, Which Is Just Sufficient To Sustain Its Growth in A Semiarid Environment. By Contrast, intercropped Cowpea Wins in The Competition With Pearl Millet and Can Acquire Water From The Existing Stored Wetland Water.     

Influence of saltwater wedges on irrigation water near a river estuary

Paddy and Water Environment - Paddy fields irrigated using water from the Shinkawa River in Niigata, Japan, are subject to adverse effects associated with the occurrence of saltwater wedges in the...     

Evaluation of the effects of irrigation water on groundwater budget by a hydrologic model

Paddy and Water Environment - Groundwater is a valuable water resource, and it is used for domestic, industrial or agricultural use around the world. Especially, water use in paddy fields is very...     

Parameterization of canopy resistance for modeling the energy partitioning of a paddy rice field

Paddy and Water Environment - Models for predicting hourly canopy resistance (r c) and latent heat flux (LET) based on the Penman–Monteith (PM) and bulk transfer methods are presented. The...     

Evaluation of root traits and water use efficiency of different cotton genotypes in the presence or absence of a soil-hardpan

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) is an important fiber and oil crop grown worldwide. Water and nutrient stresses are major issues affecting cotton production globally. R...     

Toward the development of a weather index insurance for rice farmers in the coastal region of Myanmar

Paddy and Water Environment - Climate change is expected to exacerbate damage to agricultural production from natural disasters. Examination of measures to adapt to the damage represents an urgent...     

Development and testing of a surface roughness measurement device based on aerial ultrasonic reflections

Paddy and Water Environment - Repairs of concrete irrigation channels in Japan are guided to a large extent by the degree to which their walls have degraded over decades of use. Current methods of...     

Variance of microbial composition and structure and relation with soil properties in rhizospheric and non-rhizospheric soil of a flooded paddy

Paddy and Water Environment - Soil microbial structure and nutrient properties varied with fertilization and plant growth simultaneously in the rhizosphere. However, the relationships between...     

The impact of salinity on paddy production and possible varietal portfolio transition: a Vietnamese case study

Paddy and Water Environment - Increasing soil salinisation is an environmental stressor that causes significant reduction in crop productivity and increases the risk of farming and hence reduces...     

Performance of a ring-shaped emitter for subsurface irrigation in bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.) cultivation

Paddy and Water Environment - A low-cost subsurface irrigation system with ring-shaped emitters has been applied and considered as a way to improve water irrigation efficiency in a region where...     

Perception and valuation of Paddy Field Dam functions by rural communities: a CVM approach

Paddy and Water Environment - In recent years, Paddy Field Dams have received recognition as a measure to alleviate flooding due to torrential rains. Paddy Field Dams have been in practice in...     

Development of a measurement method for abrasion irrigation channel using underwater ultrasonic wave

Paddy and Water Environment - Japan has many concrete irrigation channels with total length of about 400,000 km. Most of these channels are now too old for continued use. It would be too...     

Climate change and traditional upland paddy farming: a Philippine case study

Paddy and Water Environment - Traditional agricultural practices, including paddy farming on terraced uplands, have garnered renewed interest in recent years in response to increasing concerns on...