黄河流域棉区北部留叶枝棉栽培的适宜密度研究

以中等密度(6.0万株.hm-2)下的传统整枝为对照,于2004—2005年研究了密度(1.5万~12.0万株.hm-2)对留叶枝棉产量和品质的影响。结果表明,随密度增加,留叶枝棉的子棉产量和单位面积铃数先升高后降低,但在3.0万～9.0万株.hm-2范围内无显著差异;单株铃数、铃重和纤维的麦克隆值则随密度增加显著下降。中等密度下,留叶枝棉的子棉产量在降雨较少的2004年与对照相当,但在降雨较多的2005年减产13.4%。在黄河流域棉区北部,留叶枝棉栽培的适宜密度为6.0万株.hm-2左右,多雨年份要注意防止群体过大造成郁闭。     

种植密度对东北特早熟棉区棉花生物量和氮素累积的影响

 以辽棉19号（生育期125 d）和新棉33B（生育期135 d）2个生育期差异较大的品种为材料,于2007－2008年在东北特早熟棉区（辽宁辽阳,41°26' N,123°14' E）设置棉花种植密度试验（7.50万、9.75万、12.00 万株·hm^-2）,研究不同棉花群体生物量与氮素动态累积特征的差异及其与产量品质形成的关系。结果表明,棉花群体生物量和氮素累积动态随生育进程的变化符合“S”型曲线,棉花群体生物量和氮素存在异速累积现象,氮素累积快速起始期及终止期均较生物量累积提前10 d左右。2品种均以9.75 万株·hm^-2密度下棉花生物量、氮素动态累积过程最为优化,皮棉产量最高,纤维品质最优;密度过高尽管群体生物量、氮素累积量较高,但经济产量下降。     

棉花黄萎病菌与品种互作的格局分析

 以23个棉花品种(系)接种18个黄萎病菌株的抗感表现(病情指数)为分析对象,在聚类分析的基础上用双标图方法研究了寄主 病原的互作格局。结果表明：23个棉花品种分为6个抗病性不同的品种组,18个菌株聚为5个致病力不同的菌株群。5031和50312组成的品种组G1对所有菌株群具有最高抗性,可作为抗黄育种的高抗质源。来自河北成安的VD25与来自江苏常熟的XS4、XS6和XS7组成的菌株群S4与G5品种组存在互作,其致病力最强,是棉花黄萎病的优势菌株群,在抗黄育种和抗黄鉴定中应予以高度重视。S2和S3菌株群与56%的参试品种构成的3个品种组间存在互作,是潜在的优势菌株群。具平均抗病性的G2品种组是黄萎病菌的优良寄主。     

行距对棉花生长发育、产量及早熟性指数的影响的研究(英文)

棉花窄行密植生产是缩短棉花生长季节实现棉花早熟的主要举措,并且窄行密植对棉花的产量无显著影响。田间试验于2006年6月到2007年1月在巴基斯坦费萨拉巴德农业大学试验田进行,以确定行距对不同品系棉花的生长、生产和早熟性指数的影响。试验选取NIAB-111,CIM-496和FH-901 3个棉花品种,设置了60、75和90 cm 3种行距进行试验研究。结果表明:行距对棉花生长发育、产量和早熟性指数具有极显著影响;行距75 cm的处理产量最高达到2603 kg·hm-2,其次是行距60 cm的处理,产量为2541 kg·hm-2,但二者间差异不显著;行距60 cm的处理早熟性指数达到50.92%,显著大于其它处理;行距75 cm的处理次之。子棉产量最高的品种是FH-901,同时其早熟性指数也最高,达到54.34%。     

棉花种植密度与产量形成的关系分析

从实际测验中探究并获取有效培育条件,将多组试验进行对比分析,对不同种植密度的棉花生长发育进行观察,掌握棉花增产规律,发现棉花生长发育的优劣与种植密度有着紧密联系。种植密度与个体棉花生长情况在一定范围内呈负相关趋势,群体棉花种植则以机采棉模式为最佳。由于铃株下部占比较大,在增加密度培育时,选择合适种株和种植地点,采用机采棉模式,加强管理,则能提高产量。     

种植密度对棉花主要群体质量指标的影响

 以转基因抗虫棉农大棉8号为试验材料,设置6个密度水平,研究密度对棉花群体干物质量、LAI、叶层配置及透光率、总铃数等主要群体质量指标的影响。结果表明,最终干物质量以8.7万株·hm^-2最大,达11735 kg·hm^-2;高密度群体最大LAI出现时间比低密度群体早13天左右,但群体透光率以低密度群体较高;结铃率随密度的增加而降低,以1.5万株·hm^-2最大,达43.5%;群体果节量和总铃数分别以10.5万株·hm^-2和6.9万株·hm^-2的群体最多,分别为323.05万个·hm-2和74.06万个·hm^-2;子棉产量以6.9万株·hm^-2最高,为3810.33 kg·hm^-2。只有各群体指标均相对较优才能构成高产群体。     

种植密度与播期对特早熟棉花产量及其构成因素的影响

以特早熟棉花品种伊陆早17号为材料,通过不同播期和种植密度对产量及其构成因素的研究,探讨伊犁河谷棉区特早熟棉花的最适播期和种植密度。结果表明,特早熟棉花品种伊陆早17号在伊犁河谷地区适宜在4月19日前后播种,种植密度为13000株/667m~2。     

大豆产量及主要农艺性状QTL的上位性互作和环境互作分析

以栽培大豆晋豆23为母本,半野生大豆灰布支黑豆ZDD2315为父本杂交衍生的F2:15和F2:16的447个RIL家系为遗传群体,绘制SSR遗传图谱,采用混合线性模型方法,对2年大豆小区产量及主要农艺性状进行加性QTL、加性×加性上位互作及环境互作分析。结果检测到9个与小区产量、茎粗、有效分枝、主茎节数、株高、结荚高度相关的QTL,分别位于J_2、I、M连锁群上,其中小区产量、茎粗、株高、有效分枝和主茎节数QTL的加性效应为正值,说明增加这些性状的等位基因来源于母本晋豆23。同时,检测到7对影响小区产量、茎粗、株高和结荚高度的加性×加性上位互作效应及环境互作效应的QTL,共发现14个与环境存在互作的QTL。上位效应和QE互作效应对大豆小区产量及主要农艺性状的遗传影响较大。大豆分子标记辅助育种中,既要考虑起主要作用的QTL,又要注重上位性QTL,才有利于性状的稳定表达和遗传。     

种植密度对棉花生育动态、产量和品质的影响

旨在为冀中南棉区棉花高产栽培群体调控和品种审定设置合理的品比试验提供理论依据。以衡棉4号、冀棉958和快育66为供试材料,于2012－2013年在冀中南棉区（河北深州）设置密度试验（37500,52500,67500株／hm2）,研究种植密度对陆地棉株高、果枝数、叶面积指数和产量品质性状的影响,结果表明：随密度的增加,株高和叶面积指数增高、果枝数减少;产量构成因子单铃重和衣分降低,不同时期单株蕾花铃数也降低。群体产量随密度增加而提高,52500～67500株／hm2是冀中南地区棉花适宜种植的密度范围,可作为高产栽培群体调控和区域品比试验安排的参考密度。密度对棉铃纤维品质存在一定影响,随密度的增加,棉纤维上半部平均长度呈增加的趋势,马克隆值呈降低的趋势。     

氮肥、密度对寒地超级稻‘龙粳31’产量的互作效应研究

试验采用单因子和二次正交旋转组合设计,探讨氮肥密度互作对寒地超级稻‘龙粳31’产量、干物质重及产量构成的影响情况。结果表明:产量与氮肥、密度均呈显著的二次曲线关系,同时氮肥密度对产量互作效应明显,中等施氮量和较高密度互作更易获得高产。互作效应下氮肥取135.0 kg/hm2、密度取34.6穴/m2时,产量最高达9948.17 kg/hm2。高氮肥高密度配合,齐穗期干物质重最重,但此时产量却显著下降。高氮肥和高密度配合更容易获得较多穗数;但中等施氮量和较低的密度配合更易获得大穗;氮肥密度与千粒重不存在互作效应。因此科学合理的氮肥、密度相互配合,从而构建合理的群体结构,获得适宜的齐穗期干物质重,才能发挥超级稻的产量潜力。     

化学打顶对棉花群体容量的拓展效应

以常规人工打顶为对照,在大田条件下设置不同种植密度(18万、22.5万和27万株·hm-2),研究化学打顶对棉株形态、群体器官数量和经济产量等的影响.结果表明,化学打顶棉花株高显著高于人工打顶,平均高出17％,中上部果枝显著变短,尤其是上部果枝平均比人工打顶短75％.冠层中部透光率平均提高约13％.在相同密度条件下,化...     

种植密度对棉花分离世代产量性状表现及育种选择的影响

通过裂区设计对Ｆ２代４个群体在三种密度下表现进行了研究，子棉产量、皮棉产量在不同密度、不同群体间存在显著差异；Ｆ２代群体与密度间存在互作，不同群体要求的适宜密度不同。Ｆ２代群体间单株结铃数差异显著，单株结铃数在不同密度差异显著，随密度增加单株结铃数减少，但小区总结铃数呈增加趋势；密度与群体间存在互作，密度的大小对４个Ｆ２群体的单株结铃数影响程度不同。Ｆ２代４个群体间衣分差异显著，但单铃重、衣分在不同密度下差异不显著，且互作不显著。种植密度对不同群体的育种选择具有较大影响。     

Effects of Genotypes and Plant Density on Yield, Yield Components and Photosynthesis in Bt Transgenic Cotton

Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), including the introduced, indigenous Chinese non‐hybrid and hybrid cotton, is spreading very rapidly in China. Agronomic and photosynthetic performance as well as the optimum plant density for planting Bt cotton may vary with genotypes. With three types of commercial Bt cotton varieties, two field experiments were conducted to study yield performance and leaf photosynthetic rate (Pn) during 2000 and 2001, and yield interaction between variety and plant density during 2001 and 2002 in Yellow River region in northern China. The first experiment showed that the indigenous Chinese Bt cotton significantly differed from the introduced Bt cotton (IBtC) in plant growth and yield components. As a result of manipulation of boll numbers, boll weight and lint percentage, there was no significant difference in lint yield between Chinese non‐hybrid Bt cotton (CBtC) and the IBtC, but two Chinese hybrid Bt cotton (HBtC) varieties exhibited significantly higher lint yield than all other varieties in either 2000 or 2001. Hybrid cotton SCRC15 showed a one‐peak curvilinear change in diurnal course of Pn throughout the growing season, while non‐hybrid cotton 33B and SCRC16 exhibited severe mid‐day depression in Pn in squaring, flowering or boll‐setting stage. The second experiment showed that the main effect of plant population on lint yield was not significant, and yield difference among all treatments was derived from varieties and the interaction between plant density and variety. The optimal plant densities in terms of lint yield for the introduced, indigenous CBtC and HBtC genotypes were 6.0, 4.5 and 3.0 plants m^?2 respectively.     

陆地棉早熟性状多世代联合遗传分析

【目的】旨在探讨连续世代陆地棉早熟性状遗传规律。【方法】以陆地棉中751213和鲁棉研28为亲本,通过对P_1,P_2,F_1,F_2和F_(2:3)5个世代联合分析,研究株高、果枝始节、始节高度、花铃期、播种至开花和全生育期等早熟性状的遗传模型。【结果】株高和果枝始节的最佳模型为1对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因混合模型(D);播种至开花时间最佳模型为1对完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型(D-3);全生育期最佳模型为2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因模型(E);花铃期和始节高度最佳模型均为1对负向完全显性主基因+加性-显性多基因模型(D-4)。【结论】上述对陆地棉早熟性状的混合遗传模型分析结果,有助于阐明陆地棉早熟性状遗传规律。     

Interaction of Plant Density with Mepiquat Chloride Affects Plant Architecture and Yield in Cotton

[Objective] The effect of planting density and mepiquat chloride (DPC) on cotton plant architecture, growth, yield, and quality at Anyang City, Henan Province, China, was studied. [Method] Field experiments with cotton variety Lumianyan 28 were conducted with five planting densities (15 000, 45 000, 75 000, 105 000, and 135 000 plants·hm^－2) and application of DPC at three concentrations (0, 195, and 390 g·hm^－2). [Result] Increasing cotton plant density resulted in increased internode length and plant height but also caused the decrease of inclination of fruiting branches and leaves as well as elevated dry matter allocation to leaves and fruiting branches, which led to a decrease in dry matter accumulation. Application of DPC reduced the azimuth angle of fruiting branches and plant height, but increased the insertion angle of fruiting branches with the main stem, leaf length, and petiole length. Planting density and DPC treatment showed a significant interaction on fruiting branch insertion angle, plant height, stem diameter, and dry matter allocation to fruits and leaves. The interaction of DPC and planting density had a complementary effect on the spatial distribution of cotton-yielding bolls. The final dry matter was highest (14 362 kg·hm^－2) at the planting density of 105 000 plant·hm^－2 and DPC application of 390 g·hm^－2, which resulted in the highest seed yield (3 257 kg·hm^－2). [Conclusion] For maximization of cotton yield and quality, a plant density of 75 000 to 105 000 plants·hm^－2 and DPC application of 195 to 390 g·hm^－2 in the Yellow River cotton-producing region is recommended. The results may help to optimize labor-saving cotton management and to generate a plant architecture suitable for mechanical harvesting in the Yellow River cotton-producing region.     

棉花营养枝利用的研究

国内棉花生产管理一般均进行整枝。保留营养枝具有贡献部分经济产量、供应根系部分同化物、节省用工等正面效应,但也存在营养枝与果枝、主茎竞争无机养分,影响主茎、果枝生长发育,不利于棉田农艺操作等负面效应。当正面效应足以抵消负面效应时,表现为平产或增产,反之则减产、减效。保留营养枝所致正负效应的大小可以通过农艺措施调节,在配套措施的保证下,保留、利用棉花营养枝是可行的。应深入研究其利用途径和技术,促进我国棉花栽培技术的发展。     

鲁西地区常规棉聊棉6号留叶枝栽培的适宜密度研究

以常规棉聊棉6号为试验材料,采用随机区组设计,于2015-2016年在山东省聊城市农业科学研究院示范园研究了密度（3.0万~9.0万株/hm ²）对常规棉留叶枝栽培条件下棉花产量和品质的影响。结果表明：叶面积指数随密度的增加而增加,高密度（9.0万株/hm ²）易造成田间严重隐蔽。留叶枝条件下,低密度（3.0万株/hm ²）产量最高,叶枝对子棉产量的贡献率随密度的增加而减少。单位面积铃数、果枝和叶枝铃重、马克隆值均随密度增加而显著降低,同一年份密度对叶枝和果枝棉的衣分及其他纤维品质指标无显著影响。分析认为,在鲁西地区,常规棉留叶枝栽培的适宜密度为3.0万株/hm ²,多雨年份要注意防止郁闭。     

陆地棉体细胞再生植株技术的改进研究

以Coker201为材料,改进了棉花体细胞再生植株及移栽技术。MSB(MS无机盐+B5维生素)培养基附加IBA能直接诱导出胚性愈伤组织,适当浓度的KT可促进IBA的效应。最适激素组合(IBA1.0mg·L-1、KT0.5mg·L-1)能使几个陆地棉品种的下胚轴在两个月内诱导出大量胚性愈伤组织,诱导后第三个月可观察到胚状体的发生。适量的AgNO3能促进愈伤组织的增殖。继代时将激素降为IBA0.5mg·L-1、KT0.1～0.2mg·L-1,有利于胚状体发育长大。增加KNO31.9g·L-1,同时使用蔗糖和葡萄糖各15g·L-1作碳源有利于胚状体的分化。采用含0.4g·L-1活性碳的MS为成苗培养基,并结合1/6MS液培诱导生根技术,使苗粗壮易于移栽。从愈伤组织诱导至植株再生,约需5～6个月时间。     

Stability Analysis of Winter-rape (Brassica napus L.) by Using Plant Density and Mean Yield per Plant

The yield F per area can be expressed multiplicatively by using yield components. For the most simple case of including only two yield components one obtains: F = X₁− X₂ with X₁= number of plants per area (= plant density) and X₂= mean yield per plant.
For normal variables X₁ and X₂ the phenotypic yield stability of F, which has been measured quantitatively by the variance V(F) of F, can be explicitly expressed dependent on 1) the component means, 2) the component variances and 3) the correlation between the two components. V(F), therefore, depends on 5 parameters.
For many applications the use of the coefficient of variation v of F instead of the variance itself may be advantageous, v can be explicitly expressed dependent on 1) the coefficients of variation of the yield components and 2) the correlation between the components, v, therefore, depends on 3 parameters.
The different conditions leading to the same phenotypic yield stability can be investigated by using these explicit expressions for V(F) and v.
The main purpose of the present paper is the application of these theoretical models and results to the data of an extensive field trial with winter-rape, which has been performed for 5 years with 4 plant densities and 3 row distances.
For the lowest plant density (40 plants/m²) there results a very good agreement between the theoretically expected and the experimentally obtained values for the phenotypic stability of yield per area. But, for the higher plant densities this result don't hold true. Possible causes and explanations are discussed in detail.