日光温室防治棕榈蓟马药剂筛选

采用浸叶法开展了7种杀虫剂对温室棕榈蓟马成虫的室内毒力测定,并对效果较好的2种药剂进行田间药效试验。室内生物测定结果表明,多杀菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对棕榈蓟马成虫的LC50分别为0.079 mg/L 和0.443 mg/L,而阿维菌素、灭多威、啶虫脒、高效氯氟氰菊酯LC50值为47.908 ~206.236 mg/L。田间药效试验结果表明,2.5%多杀菌素悬浮剂和2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂使用剂量以80~60 g/667 m2和 30~20 g/667 m2防治效果较理想。     

PM 10/15: Disinfestation of production site against Thrips palmi

Specific scope

This standard describes a treatment programme aimed at eradication of Thrips palmi, which is absent from the EPPO region. It is recognized that not all treatments will be available in EPPO countries and emergency procedures (special restrictions) may be required to permit implementation of such an intensive treatment programme. It is recognized that in implementing this intensive treatment programme Maximum Residue Levels may be exceeded and as such the product(s) may not be suitable for consumption. A risk assessment of the programme will need to be made by individual countries.

Specific approval and amendment

First approved in 2009–09.

     

节瓜蓟马的发生危害和防治策略

节瓜蓟马是世界性的重要害虫 ,每年给瓜类和茄类的生产造成重大损失。本文就节瓜蓟马的危害情况和目前的防治措施作一个综述 ,并提出合理的配套防治策略     

Real‐time PCR assay for the identification of Thrips palmi*

Since Thrips palmi became a regulated pest for most European countries, inspections at points of entry into Europe and monitoring in Europe have intensified not only for T. palmi but also for thrips as a whole. Morphological identification of thrips is performed on adults and to a lesser extent on second‐stage larvae only, because no adequate identification keys for the separation of species based on the characteristics of eggs, first‐stage larvae, pre‐pupae or pupae are available. We have developed a real‐time PCR assay based on TaqMan. A T. palmi‐specific set of primers and probe were selected within the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. The specificity of the assay was assessed using 15 specimens of Thrips palmi and 61 specimens of 23 other thrips species commonly occuring in Europe. All T. palmi specimens were detected, and no cross reactions with other thrips were observed. The method was tested on single larvae and adults and proved to be applicable for both those stages of T. palmi.     

虫生真菌对节瓜蓟马种群的控制作用

室内试验表明,在1.5×108个/ml孢子浓度下,白僵菌对节瓜蓟马成虫、蛹和若虫的寄生率分别为70%、50.20%和17.78%,而在相同浓度下绿僵菌的寄生率较低。在2×108个/ml孢子浓度下田间土壤和植株喷施球孢白僵菌,5d后可使蓟马成虫减少49.22%。     

非嗜食植物次生化合物对节瓜蓟马种群的作用

用16种非嗜食植物次生化合物对节瓜蓟马实验种群的影响试验表明:对节瓜蓟马成虫产卵驱避作用较好的是松节油和印楝乳油,其驱避率分别为94.12％和81.48％;对成虫拒食作用较大的是印楝乳油、金腰箭和松节油,其拒食率分别为81.25％、70.53％和65.25％。在非嗜食植物次生化合物防治持续效果试验中,24 h后虫口减退率最高,到第9天几乎没有效果。印楝乳油、海芋、桉油和胜红蓟对田间节瓜蓟马种群防治效果分别为82.22％、70.84％、67.94％和48.13％;除桉油对田间天敌有影响外,其余3种对田间节瓜蓟马天敌类群安全。     

山东省棕榈蓟马田间种群对7种杀虫剂的抗药性

采用叶管药膜法测定了山东省4个蔬菜产区棕榈蓟马对7种杀虫剂的抗药性水平。结果表明,供试药剂毒力由大到小依次为多杀霉素甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐吡虫啉噻虫嗪吡蚜酮高效氯氟氰菊酯辛硫磷;济南、聊城和泰安地区的棕榈蓟马种群对7种药剂基本处于敏感状态,寿光地区的棕榈蓟马对多杀霉素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、吡虫啉和吡蚜酮产生了6.99~10.83倍的低水平抗性。     

防治节瓜蓟马、桃蚜高效药剂筛选

田间防治节瓜蓟马、桃蚜药效试验表明,25％吡·辛乳油、5％吡·丁乳油、22％毒死蜱·吡虫啉乳油、2.5％高渗吡虫啉乳油4种药剂对节瓜蓟马的防治效果最好,药后1-5 d校正死亡率达90％以上。22％毒死蜱·吡虫啉乳油、2.5％高渗吡虫啉乳油、25％吡·辛乳油、4.5％高效氯氰菊酯乳油对桃蚜的防治效果最好,药后1 d校正死亡率均达95％以上,药后3-5 d校正死亡率均达99％以上。5％吡·丁乳油、30％吡虫灵微乳剂对桃蚜的防治效果也很好,药后1-5 d校正死亡率分别为94.3％-98.9％和94.6％-98.6％。     

几种杀虫剂对棕榈蓟马的室内毒力与田间防效

为筛选出用于防治棕榈蓟马的有效药剂,采用玻璃残留处理法测定了5种药剂对蔬菜上棕榈蓟马的室内毒力,并进行了田间药效试验。室内毒力测定结果表明,杀虫活性最高的是乙基多杀菌素,其48h的LC50值为0.19mg/L;其次是阿维菌素、溴氰虫酰胺和啶虫脒,LC50值为54.45~76.48mg/L,呋虫胺的毒力最低。田间试验结果表明,6%乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂和1.8%阿维菌素乳油对棕榈蓟马药后1~14d的防效均达90.88%以上,明显高于其他3种药剂。6%乙基多杀菌素悬浮剂是防治棕榈蓟马的首选药剂,推荐轮换使用1.8%阿维菌素乳油和10%溴氰虫酰胺可分散油悬浮剂。     

新鲜北美一枝黄花叶对南黄蓟马的拒食活性

南黄蓟马虽为菊科、茄科、葫芦科植物的常见害虫,但未见其侵害菊科植物北美一枝黄花,这促使作者对其拒食活性进行研究。在为期一周的叶片喂食试验中南黄蓟马成虫全部死亡,提示北美一枝黄花中含有拒食活性物质。该植物新鲜叶的甲醇提取物(含有3%蔗糖溶液)的纸片喂食试验显示了类似的拒食活性。通过活性追踪,最终确定北美一枝黄花甲醇提取物的正丁醇萃取部分经反相中压柱色谱以及高效液相色谱分离得到的两个流分具有拒食活性,且两者联合使用拒食效果更加明显。     

Prey consumption rates and compatibility with pesticides of four predatory mites from the family Phytoseiidae attacking Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

BACKGROUND: Predatory mites (Amblyseius swirskii Athias‐Henriot, Typhlodromips montdorensis Schicha, Neoseiulus cucumeris (Oudemans) and Iphiseius degenerans Berlese) were investigated for their potential to act as control agents for Thrips palmi Karny. Prey consumption rates and compatibility with pesticides were assessed. RESULTS: Second‐instar larvae were the preferred life stage. Typhlodromips montdorensis consumed the most larvae (2.8) and also an average of 1.2 adult T. palmi per 5 day period. Both 24 and 48 h assessments following application of abamectin, spinosad and imazalil demonstrated mortality of predatory mites (across all species), which was significantly higher than with the other treatments (P < 0.001). Spraying with pymetrozine did not provide any increased mortality when compared with the water control. Application of thiacloprid proved detrimental only to I. degenerans. Following indirect exposure of predatory mites to pymetrozine and imazalil, no significant differences in mite mortality were obtained. Indirect exposure to spinosad was identified as the most detrimental treatment (P < 0.001) to all mites. Abamectin also proved detrimental, with only T. montdorensis showing any potential tolerance. CONCLUSION: All predatory mites investigated offer potential for controlling T. palmi. Compatibility with chemicals varied between the mites. The potential of incorporating the mites into eradication strategies for T. palmi is discussed. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Host plant influences life cycle,reproduction, feeding,and vector competence of Thrips palmi (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a vector of tospoviruses

Phytoparasitica - Thrips palmi, an important pest of vegetables and ornamentals, transmits several tospoviruses. Effect of tospovirus on host plant and vector is well studied. Little is known about...     

Thrips Resistance in Pepper and Its Consequences for the Acquisition and Inoculation of Tomato spotted wilt virus by the Western Flower Thrips

ABSTRACT Different levels of thrips resistance were found in seven Capsicum accessions. Based on the level of feeding damage, host preference, and host suitability for reproduction, a thrips susceptible and a resistant accession were selected to study their performance as Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) sources and targets during thrips-mediated virus transmission. Vector resistance did not affect the virus acquisition efficiency in a broad range of acquisition access periods. Inoculation efficiency was also not affected in short inoculation periods, but was significantly lower on plants of the thrips resistant accession during longer inoculation access periods. Under the experimental conditions used, the results obtained show that transmission of TSWV is little affected by vector resistance. However, due to a lower reproduction rate on resistant plants and a lower preference of thrips for these plants, beneficial effects of vector resistance might be expected under field conditions.     

Development of a bioassay system for monitoring susceptibility in Thrips tabaci

A system is described for collecting adult and larva of Thrips tabaci from onion foliage into insecticide-treated vials to evaluate susceptibility to insecticides. The thrips insecticide bioassay system (TIBS) allows one to treat vials and store them for 3 weeks before thrips are collected. Depending on the population density in the field, collection of the insects for the test required from 3-6 h for one person. Assays are read after 24h. This system was used in 1997 and 1998 in commercial onion fields in Honduras and Nicaragua, and TIBS was sensitive enough to detect differences to the insecticides tested, to thrips life stages and to different generations within an onion-growing season. Data collected suggest that there were not serious problems with thrips insecticide resistance, with the possible exception of cypermethrin in Nicaragua which had a resistance ratio (RR) value of 26.9 for adult thrips. The largest RR values were observed at the end of the growing season, and this may be caused by the season-long selection by insecticide sprays. The mortality of adults and larvae followed the same general pattern, but the ratio between larvae and adults differed for each chemical group.