黄淮冬麦区(北片)小麦新品种产量稳定性分析

本文采用Eberhart和Russell(1966)法,联系有关主要性状,对黄淮冬麦区(北片)1985~1986年度小麦良种区域试验中肥组供试品种的稳定性进行初步分析,为合理利用品种提供科学依据。     

黄淮冬麦区旱地区试小麦产量与产量三因素通径分析

对1997~1998年度参加全国旱地区试的16个冬小麦品种产量三因素与产量进行相关和通径分析,结果表明三因素都与产量具有正相关关系,其相关系数大小顺序为：穗粒数＞千粒重＞公顷穗数;直接通径系数大小顺序为：穗粒数＞公顷穗数＞千粒重。因此在选育旱地小麦品种时应注重协调好产量三因素之间的关系,在取得一定的群体穗数的基础上,以千粒重和穗粒数为重点性状。     

黄淮冬麦区小麦亩产600公斤以上品种模式初探

小麦生产自1984年以来一直在500公斤左右徘徊。80年代初江苏丰县农科所,曾获700公斤以上的高产量。但关键是要选育丰产潜力600公斤以上的品种。为此,本文对黄淮麦区选育600公斤以上的品种模式进行探讨。(一) 产量结构目前在构成产量育种目标上,尚有三种类型模     

黄淮南片小麦产量构成因素的相关分析

为研究黄淮南片小麦产量构成三要素对产量影响的相对重要性,对黄淮南片2011~2012年度冬水组试验的28个小麦品种(系)的产量及产量构成因素进行相关分析和通径分析。结果显示,产量构成因素的变异系数大小顺序为千粒重>穗粒数>有效穗,产量构成因素与产量的相关程度为有效穗>穗粒数>千粒重;偏相关分析显示产量构成因素与产量呈极显著正相关,相关系数顺序为有效穗>穗粒数>千粒重,有效穗与穗粒数、穗粒数与千粒重呈极显著负相关;产量构成因素对产量的直接通径系数都为正值,顺序为穗粒数>有效穗>千粒重。结果表明,黄淮南片高产小麦的选育在种质创新程度上偏低,产量水平稳定在6500~9000kg/hm²。根据黄淮南片小麦生态条件特点,应该选育多穗型品系,提高穗粒数,增加千粒重。     

国家小麦产业技术研发中心公布2008年黄淮冬麦区小麦质量调研结果

近日,国家小麦产业技术研发中心主任肖世和在京主持会议,公布了2008年黄淮冬麦区小麦质量调查研究结果。结果显示,被调查的4省18个地市农户生产上种植的优质强筋小麦品种的平均占有率为32%,从     

黄淮冬麦区超高产小麦品种的产量结构模式研究

采用相关和回归分析 ,研究了黄淮冬麦区超高产小麦品种的产量结构及其相互间的关系。结果表明 :多穗型品种要实现超高产必须三要素协调 ,在保证足够穗数的前提下 ,提高穗粒数和千粒重 ,其最佳产量结构为穗数 6 80 6× 10 6 穗 /hm2 左右 ,穗粒数 38 16粒左右 ,千粒重4 0 34g左右 ;大穗型品种实现超高产的关键是提高穗粒数和千粒重 ,其最佳产量结构为穗数4 6 76× 10 6 穗 /hm2 左右 ,穗粒数 4 9 73粒左右 ,千粒重 4 9 38g左右。     

江苏省小麦参试品种(系)产量与产量构成因素分析

旨在明确江苏淮南和淮北麦区小麦产量构成因素对产量影响的相对重要性,采用相关和通径分析法,对江苏省2019-2020年度预备试验101个小麦品种(系)的产量及其构成因素进行分析.结果 表明,淮南和淮北小麦品种(系)的平均产量分别为7739.1 kg/hm2和8560.3 kg/hm2.相关分析表明,淮南小麦产量构成因素与...     

黄淮麦区小麦品种的选用和推广

小麦是我国仅次于水稻的第二大粮食作物,其中黄淮麦区是我国最大的小麦主产区,其面积为1466万公顷,总产为6300多万吨,分别占全国小麦的55%和64%.平均每667m2产量水平已由20世纪50年代的50kg左右,逐渐提高到本世纪初期的近300kg.     

黄淮旱地区试小麦新品种的高产稳产性分析

本文采用非参数统计方法对参加2000－2001年度国家黄淮旱地小麦区试的旱地小麦新品种进行高产稳产性分析，并对各试点的鉴别力进行评判。结果表明：区试品种间丰产性稳产性存在显著差异，洛旱2号、晋麦47号是丰产性最佳品种，稳产性好的有临优9751、临远993、晋麦47；洛旱2号丰产性稳产性相对较好；试点对品种的鉴别力存在很大差异，具有较高分辨力的试点有鹤壁、晋城、黄骅、绛县、成县、济源、分辨力最好的试点是鹤壁、有86．7％的差数为显著。     

黄淮冬麦区优质专用小麦高产调优栽培技术

我国黄淮冬麦区主要包括河北、山东两个省和河南大部、江苏和安徽北部、陕西关中、山西中南部,该区光热资源丰富,降雨量较少,土壤肥沃,生产条件较好,非常有利于小麦蛋白质和面筋的形成与积累,是我国发展优质强筋小麦的最适宜地区.据农业部统计,黄淮冬麦区现有小麦面积1466万公顷、产量6300多万吨、平均667m2产288kg,分别为全国小麦的55%、64%和115%.据农业部规划,黄淮冬麦区以发展优质强筋小麦为主,到2007年,优质强筋小麦面积达到293万公顷.发展优质专用小麦要注意优质与高产并重,而小麦的高产优质受品种、环境、生态和栽培措施等多种因素的影响,其关键技术措施如下.     

利用AMMI模型分析冬小麦品种区试数据的稳定性

利用AMMI模型、双标图以及稳定性参数Di(i)对2002～2003年度河南省超高产小麦良种区试的数据进行了稳定性分析.结果表明:在参试的品种中,品种稳定性的排序为豫麦47号＞温9519＞丰舞981＞睢科2号＞内乡991＞01中89＞豫同M023＞豫麦49号＞国麦1号＞花培1号＞郑9405＞周92031＞郑9694＞偃师9906.即豫麦47号最稳定,偃师9906在某些试点具有特殊的适应性.在参试地点中,地点对品种鉴别力的大小顺序为郸城所＞温县所＞济源所＞中棉所＞宝丰所＞五二农场＞洛阳所.即郸城所、温县所、济源所适合作为区试地点.     

近10年我国冬油菜区试品种品质及产量性状的演变分析

油菜是我国最重要的食用油料作物。本文综合分析了2000年～2009年10个年度国家冬油菜区域试验参试品种的品质及产量性状。分析表明：2002年是我国油菜品种品质（低芥酸、低硫苷）和产量的转折点,此后双低油菜品种比例在80%以上,产量也逐步提高,到目前基本达到双高品种的产量水平。分析表明双低油菜产量的提高,主要归因于单株结角数和千粒重的增加;此外,双低油菜品种含油量有了较大的突破,尤其是近3年含油量有了显著提高。这表明在我国油菜品种双低化过程中,品质和产量得到了协同发展。目前在双低品质达标的情况下,提高产量和含油量仍是我国油菜育种的主攻目标。     

浅谈提高冬小麦区域试验质量的措施

~~浅谈提高冬小麦区域试验质量的措施@陈红敏$河南省濮亨市种子管理站!濮阳457000 @赵玉巧$河南省濮亨市种子管理站!濮阳457000 @刘翠兰$河南省濮亨市种子管理站!濮阳457000 @王玉红$河南省濮亨市种子管理站!濮阳457000     

冬小麦区试资料的非参数度量

为了给生产上大面积推广高产稳产的优良小麦新品种提供参考，本文应用非参数统计量时2003～2004年度河南省小麦高肥冬水Ⅰ组（简称高冬Ⅰ组）的区试资料进行了度量。结果表明，在供试的品种（系）中，开麦18、许农5号、郑麦366是高产品种，显著高于其他品种，丰产性指数P1分别为75％、55．2％、38．5％。各参试品种（系）的稳定性指数之间有差异，但没有达到显著水平。品种（系）优丰2号、Z996、郑麦9728的稳定性较好，其稳定性指数S1分别为3．1786、3．9107、3．9286。对品种差异分辨力较高的试点为济源所、濮阳所、宝丰所和中棉所，其环境鉴别力指数分别为79．5％、67．9％、66．7％和53．8％．说明这些地点适宜作为区试地点。     

Indentification of strong and weak yield determining components of winter oilseed rape compared with winter wheat

Yield formation of winter oilseed rape was compared with that of winter wheat in terms of absorption of PAR, radiation use efficiency and harvest index by means of crop growth simulation. Cumulative incoming PAR from April 15 until maturity, cumulative absorption of PAR, radiation use efficiency and harvest index were lower for winter oilseed rape compared with winter wheat. To improve potential seed yield of winter oilseed rape, a crop type with increased cumulative absorption of PAR, radiation use efficiency and harvest index is desirable.     

我国北部冬麦区小麦区域试验重复次数和试点数量的优化设计

农作物品种区域试验重复次数和试点数量的合理配置有利于提高试验的成本效率和品种选择效率。本研究分析了2010—2019年期间北部冬麦区小麦品种区域试验的重复次数和试点数量设置的合理性,依据小麦品种试验的信噪比和遗传力水平随重复次数和试点数量的变化规律,提出了重复次数和试点数量的优化设计方案。结果表明:(1)北部冬麦区小麦单点试验的遗传力平均达到0.87,需要的重复次数平均值仅为1.4,说明3次重复可以充分保证试验精确度的需求。(2)北部冬麦区水地组和旱地组小麦区域试验达到0.75的遗传力水平时,需要的试点数量分别为11个和13个,目前有效试点数量分别约为11个和8个,分别达到0.75和0.60的遗传力水平。(3)小麦品种区域试验结果对品种的审定和应用十分重要,而每年都可能有少数试验点因为各种异常情况而报废,为保证试验结果的可靠性,可按H=0.75的水平需求安排试验点数量和重复次数,即重复次数可保持当前的3次;水地组的试点数量可保持在11个左右;旱地组可将试点增加到13个;如要将遗传力提高到0.80的水平,则需约16个试点。     

陇东冬小麦新品种(系)高产、稳产性分析及利用

陇东地区冬小麦常年播种面积在 35万公顷左右,产量约占粮食作物总产量的 50%,培育推广高产稳产的冬小麦新品种是实现粮食生产稳步发展的主要手段.而品种的利用不仅要求高产,而且还要求稳产、抗逆性强、优质.本文通过对甘肃省 1999- 2002年陇东片冬小麦区域试验参试品种(系)丰产、稳产性及综合农艺性状分析,为参试新品系和该区冬小麦生产提供合理利用意见.     

Ontogenetic analysis of yield components and yield stability of durum wheat in water-limited environments

Summary One main reason for the slow improvement of durum wheat in water-limited environments is the lack of clear understanding of the interrelationships among yield components and their compensatory changes under low and erratic moisture availability. Five cultivars, varying in many physiological attributes, were tested under different drought-stress conditions in field and greenhouse experiments. The cause-effect relationships of duration of vegetative period, duration of grain-filling period, number of spikes per m², kernels per spike, kernel weight and grain yield per m² were assessed. Furthermore, yield stability was evaluated. Yield reduction was largest under mid-season stress (58%), followed by terminal stress (30%) and early stress (22%). Cultivar Po was very sensitive to terminal stress.Path-coefficient analysis revealed a complex pattern of relationships among the six variables. An increase in vegetative period reduced the grain-filling period under all conditions. It increased number of kernels per spike under non-stress conditions. The direct effect of spikes per m² on grain yield was significantly positive. However, more spikes per m² resulted in fewer kernels per spike and a low kernel weight and, as a result, a negative relationship with grain yield under early stress. Grain-filling period had a strong influence on grain yield via kernel weight. Kernels per spike had the largest direct effect on grain yield. However, it was negatively correlated with kernel weight, especially under terminal stress. Grain yield heavily depended on kernels per spike under early stress and grain-filling period and kernels per spike under terminal stress.Variation in drought susceptibility index among cultivars was significant under early and terminal stress conditions, but not under mid-stress conditions. Yield potential and stability were not correlated for the different drought-stress conditions.Longer grain-filling period, increased number of kernels per spike and limited spike number per m² can be used as selection criteria for sustainable yield in water-limited environments.     

Breeding progress for yield in winter wheat genotypes targeted to irrigated environments of the CWANA region

The international winter wheat improvement program (IWWIP), an alliance between Turkey–CIMMYT–ICARDA, has distributed improved germplasm to different National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) partners through international nurseries and yield trials for the last 25 years. This study was carried out in order to determine the rate of breeding progress for yield and yield related traits at IWWIP using data of the international winter wheat yield trials (IWWYT), IWWYT 1–13, collected from 1997 to 2010 in irrigated environments across different countries. The relative grain yield of the best line expressed as percent of the best check (Kinaci-97), widely grown cultivar (Bezostaya) and trial mean (TM) increased at a rate of 0.6, 1.6 and 0.2 %/year, each non-significant (P > 0.05), respectively. Regression analysis indicated that TM has increased at a rate of 91.9 kg/ha/year (P = 0.007). The net realized breeding progress was estimated by accounting the variability due to management and weather conditions using surrogate variables such as integrated biological indices taken as means of common checks. The net realized gain for the BL was 66.2 ± 19.7 kg/ha/year (P = 0.01). Success rate of the BL, per cent of sites where the BL exceeds the local check in grain yield, ranged from 50 to 87 % across trials. To date, more than 55 varieties of IWWIP origin have been released in 10 countries of Central and West Asia including Afghanistan, Turkey, Iran, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Some varieties, such as Solh and Kinaci-97, have been released under different names in different countries indicating their broad adaptation. Cluster analysis of IWWYT sites indicated that IWWIP sites in Turkey and Syria are associated with most of the testing sites in Central and West Asia and North Africa (CWANA) region. The recently identified high yielding genotypes are recommended for direct release and/or parental purposes by the respective NARS.