马铃薯S病毒的分子鉴定与检测

An isolate of PVS, HZ00P1, was obtained from nature infected Solanum tuberosum from Hang-zhou, Zhejiang province. It was primarily identified by DAS-ELISA and host reaction tests. 3' end partial sequence of the virus isolate was cloned. Nucleic acid sequence of the cp gene and deduced cp amino acid se-quence alignments were compared with 16 other isolates registered in GenBank. The results showed that the 17 PVS isolates were divided into two groups. Among them, two Andean isolates were classified to group Ⅱ, HZ00P1 and the other 14 isolates were assigned to group Ⅰ. Compared with other PVS isolates in group Ⅰ, PVS HZ00P1 had 93.1%-98.1% and 95.9%-99.3% homologies of nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence respectively, whereas its similarities to the group Ⅱwere 81.4%-81.7% and 93.5%-93.9%. A survey of PVS occurrence in Zhejiang province was achieved by RNA spot hybridization (RSH). Among the 30 samples collected from different areas of the province, 26.7% were found to have the infection of PVS. It is concluded that PVS has become a common virus in Zhejiang province.     

马铃薯卷叶病毒分子鉴定及一步RT-PCR检测

病毒病的危害对马铃薯产量和品质构成较严重的影响.2003年初广东省阳东县田间约70%的植株呈现典型的马铃薯卷叶病毒(potato leafroll virus,PLRV)病症状.为此,笔者对其病原进行了分子鉴定,并建立了一步RT-PCR检测技术.     

马铃薯金线虫的分子检测技术

本研究通过利用随机引物OPK-4对马铃薯金线虫和白线虫及甜菜胞囊线虫进行RAPD-PCR,供试马铃薯金线中5个群体能产生630bp的特异性的片段,将特异性片段进行测序后发现5个不同来源的马铃薯金线虫产生的特异性片段序列完全一致。根据测定的DNA序列设计出特异性探针,可有效地用于马铃薯金线虫的分子检测。     

宁夏马铃薯僵顶植原体的分子鉴定

通过透射电子显微镜,在从宁夏回族自治区固原市彭阳县红河镇采集的表现叶片上卷、红叶、气生薯症状的马铃薯样品叶脉韧皮部筛管细胞内观察到大量直径为500~700 nm的球形植原体粒子。以提取的感病和健康马铃薯叶片总DNA为模板,应用植原体16S rRNA基因和rp基因通用引物进行PCR扩增,从感病样品中扩增得到了长度均约为1.2 kb的片段。对获得基因核酸一致性比较分析表明,马铃薯僵顶植原体宁夏株系16S rRNA基因与‘Candidatus Phytoplasma fragariae’槭树株系(MK501642)16S rRNA基因核酸一致性最高,为99.7%,rp基因与‘Ca.P.fragariae’云南马铃薯YN-2G株系(KJ144889)rp基因核酸一致性最高,为100%;基于16S rRNA基因和rp基因构建系统进化树发现,马铃薯僵顶植原体宁夏株系与16SrⅫ-E亚组成员聚在一起。基于透射电镜观察和基因序列比较分析,证明宁夏发生的马铃薯僵顶病与植原体侵染相关,该植原体在分类地位上属于植原体16SrⅫ-E亚组。     

侵染云南花魔芋的马铃薯Y病毒属病毒分离物的检测及分子鉴定

 YN80 was isolated from Amorphophallus rivieri Durieu showing mosaic and crinkle symptoms in Songming, Yunnan province. Flexuous filamentous particles were found in diseased leave sap and pinwheel inclusion bodies were found in the leave tissue. YN80 had positive reaction to universal antibody of Potyvirus by DAS-ELISA. 3'-terminal sequence of YN80 was cloned and sequenced. cp gene of YN80 consisted of 987 nt, encoded 328 aa (36.1 kDa). Sequence analysis showed that YN80 shared the highest identity (97.0%)with CP amino acid sequence of Dasheen mosaic virus (DsMV). These data indicated that YN80 was an isolate of DsMV. This is the first molecular identification of A. rivieri Durieu isolate of DsMV in China.     

双重RT-PCR同步检测马铃薯A病毒和马铃薯卷叶病毒

根据马铃薯A病毒全基因序列和马铃薯卷叶病毒衣壳蛋白区序列分别设计PVA和PLRV的特异性引物,应用双重RT-PCR同步检测马铃薯A病毒和马铃薯卷叶病毒,分别得到300bp和222bp大小的扩增片段.试验从反转录、PCR等方面对双重RT-PCR同步检测2种病毒进行了探索和优化.结果表明反转录反应中dNTPs浓度、2种病毒下游引物浓度比例以及PCR反应中Mg2+浓度对双重RT-PCR同时检测PVA和PLRV有较大的影响.     

马铃薯卷叶病毒的RT-LDR-PCR检测

马铃薯卷叶病毒（Potato leaf roll virus,PLRV）属黄症病毒科Luteoviridae黄花病毒属Polerovirus,是目前严重影响马铃薯产量与品质的病毒,其分布局限于寄主植物的韧皮部,且含量非常低,难于提纯,这给PLRV检测带来很大的困难[1]。     

马铃薯孢囊线虫分子检测技术研究进展

马铃薯孢囊线虫是世界级重要的检疫性有害生物,可危害马铃薯并造成重大的经济损失。早发现早防控,对保护马铃薯产业的健康发展极其重要。本文对马铃薯孢囊线虫的现有分子检测技术进行了综述,分析了各种检测技术在马铃薯孢囊线虫检测中的优缺点,为开发适合于田间快速检测的新技术提供参考。     

应用Dot-ELISA检测马铃薯卷叶病毒

 以硝酸纤维素膜(NCM)为固相载体,应用间接ELISA法对纯化的马铃薯卷叶病毒(PLRV)、感染PLRV的马铃薯植株的茎、叶、休眠块茎顶端、脐部、块茎打破休眠后萌发的芽,以及饲毒后的桃蚜体内的PLRV分别进行了测定。结果表明检测纯病毒的灵敏度为45.83pg~4.583pg,测定茎、叶、休眠块茎顶端、脐部、芽的稀释度分别可达到1/2048、1/512、1/2048~1/8192、1/512~1/2048和1/2048~1/8192,和常规DAS-ELISA相比,检测的灵敏度提高至少8倍。应用Dot-ELISA至少可检测1/2头带毒蚜虫体内的PLRV。     

应用免疫电镜技术检测马铃薯病毒

用免疫电镜技术检测田间有病毒症状的马铃薯叶片证实带有马铃薯 Y 病毒,马铃薯 X 病毒,马铃薯 S 病毒和苜蓿花叶病毒。用免疫电镜技术检测田间健株和人工茎尖培养的脱毒苗证明健株和脱毒苗都有部分是带毒的,只是其含毒量很低。用免疫电镜技术检测马铃薯薯块证实,用此方法可检测已萌发的单个小芽以及未萌发的休眠芽。同时证明有病毒病症状的病株,其地下薯块多数是带毒的;另同一薯块,病毒在各个芽眼之间的分布也是不均一的。     

Association of three RNA molecules with potato mop-top virus

Summary Potato mop-top virus particles, purified from systemically infectedNicotiana benthamiana plants and then disrupted by heating with sodium dodecyl sulphate and 2-mercaptoethanol, contained only a single polypeptide of M_r 19 100 detectable by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Single-stranded RNA preparations from virus particles, when subjected to electrophoresis in an agarose gel containing methylmercuric hydroxide as a denaturant, were shown to contain approximately equal proportions of three RNAs of 6.5, 3.2 and 2.5 kb. Double-stranded RNA preparations extracted from systemically infectedN. benthamiana leaves or from locally infectedN. debneyi leaves, was shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to contain a major species of 3.2 kbp and two minor species of 6.5 and 2.4 kbp.     

Reaction of potato cultivars to primary and secondary infection by potato mop-top furovirus and strategies for virus detection1

Potato cultivars in elite seed production in Finland were tested for susceptibility to primary and secondary infection by potato mop-top furovirus (PMTV) in field and pot experiments during 1987 and 1988. The tubers of all 22 cultivars tested became infected under favourable conditions in naturally infested soil, and most of them showed external and internal spraing symptoms when stored first at 18°C for 2 weeks and then 2 weeks at 8°C. The second incubation cycle increased the percentage of tubers manifesting symptoms and the halving of tubers also favoured symptom development. The cultivars most tolerant to primary infection were Pito, Hertha and Record, and the most susceptible were Sabina, Olympia, Saturna and Matilda. The same cultivars, excluding Saturna, were also the most susceptible to secondary infection, which decreased tuber yield up to 37%. The virus could be detected fairly reliably in soils by the bait-plant method, and in the tubers after a repeated cycle of incubation at 18 and 8°C. Electron microscopy and serological methods are useful in both virus detection and identification but they still have severe limitations.     

福建省福清地区马铃薯病毒病病原的分子检测

2017年调查福建福清地区马铃薯病毒病的发生情况,以明确该地区马铃薯主要病毒病原。共采集了46份疑似感染病毒的马铃薯植株,提取总RNA,利用RT-PCR技术进行分子检测,结果表明,福清地区危害马铃薯的病毒有马铃薯Y病毒Potato virus Y(PVY)、马铃薯卷叶病毒Potato leaf roll virus(PLRV)、马铃薯S病毒Potato virus S(PVS),检出率分别为56.52%、17.39%和10.87%,以PVY检出率最高,说明PVY是危害该地区马铃薯样品的主要病毒病原。通过病毒复合侵染进行分析,发现该地区存在病毒复合侵染马铃薯现象。研究结果可为福清地区马铃薯种薯的引进和病毒病害防治提供参考依据。     

侵染广东甘薯的甘薯曲叶病毒分子检测与鉴定

甘薯曲叶病是广东甘薯的一种新病害,病株表现为叶片皱缩,向上卷曲,叶脉肿大等症状.PCR检测结果显示,所有病样中均存在菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒.通过滚环扩增方法获得了3个病毒分离物的全基因组.扩增产物克隆及序列分析结果表明,这3个病毒分离物基因组均仅含有DNA-A,具有菜豆金色花叶病毒属单组分病毒基因组典型特征;其大小分别为2 829 nt (JX286653、JX286654)和2 828 nt(JX286655).三者核苷酸序列同源率为96.0％～98.4％;与已报道的甘薯曲叶病毒19个分离物的同源率均大于89.0％.因此,引起广东甘薯曲叶病的病原被鉴定为甘薯曲叶病毒.本研究是首次在广东发现甘薯曲叶病毒.     

Investigations on potato mop-top furovirus in Sweden1

Potato mop-top furovirus (PMTV) was isolated for the first time in Sweden in 1985. During 1986 and 1987, soil samples from potato fields, mainly in the south-west of Sweden, were tested for PMTV. The virus was detected in 49 out of 305 samples tested. PMTV was also found to be present in soil collected from potato riddles during potato grading in early spring. The soil samples were tested by using Nicotiana clevelandii and N. debneyi as bait plants in a glasshouse. Seven potato cultivars were grown in a PMTV-infested field. PMTV symptoms in the tubers, i.e. external and/or internal brown rings and arcs (spraing), were observed in cvs Evergood, Provita, Saturna and Ukama but not in cvs Bellona, Bintje or King Edward. Very few, or no, PMTV symptoms were found in tubers of susceptible cultivars when examined 2-3 weeks after lifting. In later examinations spraing appeared and increased. The increase was greater in tubers stored at 9°C than in those at 4°C, and in cut than in uncut tubers.     

马铃薯Y病毒中国分离物的分子株系组成

 马铃薯Y病毒(potato virus Y,PVY)主要侵染马铃薯和烟草等茄科作物,给世界农业造成巨大经济损失。本文对测定的23个及GenBank中注册的52个中国PVY分离物ORF序列进行了系统发育、重组和选择压等分析。系统发育分析表明,根据ORF序列可把我国75个PVY分离物和国外30个参比分离物分成O、C、E、NTN-NW(SYR-I型)、NTN-NW(SYR-II型)、NTN(NTN-a型)、NTN(NTN-b型)、NA-N/NTN、Eu-N、N-Wi(N:O型)和N-Wi(N-Wi型)等11个分子株系,其中中国PVY分离物属于除E和C株系外的9个分子株系。除ME162、guiyang、PVYzu、SD-G、WA-13和CN:JL-1:17等 6个分离物基因组中未检测到重组,其余69个分离物均存在明显重组。根据重组位点的不同,中国PVY可分为11种重组类型,其中5种为新的重组类型。选择压分析表明,中国PVY分离物的11个基因均处于负选择,其中核内含体b基因受到的选择压最大,PIPO受到的选择压最小。基因流分析表明,黑龙江、河南和山东PVY分离物间基因交流频繁,马铃薯与烟草PVY分离物之间基因交流频繁。本研究的结果明确了中国PVY分离物的分子株系组成,对指导PVY的检测和防控具有积极作用。     

Molecular breeding for virus resistant potato plants

To engineer resistance against potato virus X (PVX), the viral coat protein (CP) gene has been introduced into two potato cultivars. Stable expression of the gene in transgenic clones throughout the growing season has been obtained and resulted in considerably increased virus resistance. With varying frequencies depending on the original cultivar used, true-to-type PVX resistant transgenic clones have been obtained. Since deviant light sprout characteristics were invariably associated with aberrations in plant phenotype, they can be used in procedures to early screen for deviations. Furthermore, it has been possible to unequivocally discriminate between the original untransformed and independent transgenic cultivars. Although no relation has been found between the presence, if any, of the CP of potato virus Y (PVY) or potato leafroll virus (PLRV) in CP gene transgenic potato, appreciable levels of resistance to these viruses has been obtained. This suggests that the mechanism by which a viral CP gene in the potato genome evokes resistance, differs amongst various viruses.