油松蛀干害虫及其寄生蜂在树干上的垂直分布

油松Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.是沈阳地区主要的造林和绿化树种,为了明确沈阳市松材线虫病首发地油松蛀干害虫的发生情况,摸清其寄生性天敌昆虫的种类,2019年3月至2019年10月,本研究使用木段解剖法和林间木段套笼饲养法对沈阳市东陵公园油松蛀干害虫及其寄生性天敌的种类、羽化期和在树干上的垂直分布情...     

板栗蛀干害虫种类调查

本文报道板栗蛀干害虫3目6科27属44种.对其生活史及生物学特性作了简介.每种害虫确定了其区系成分,部分种类记载了在我国东部地区最北或最南采地.     

钻蛀类林木害虫防治策略探讨

青海省大通县地处黄土高原与青藏高原的过渡地带 ,森林覆被率 2 6 % ,有青杨林2 3 6 4ｈｍ2 ,占有林地面积的 2 9.9% ,青杨是本地最主要树种之一 ,主要受到 3种钻蛀性害虫危害。1　杨树钻蛀类害虫种类及危害情况大通地区青杨枝干钻蛀类害虫种类主要有 3种 ,它们分别是杨干透翅蛾ＳｐｈｅｃｉａｓｉｎｉｎｇｅｎｓｉｓＨｓｗ (国内森林植物检疫对象 )、锈斑楔天牛ＳａｐｅｒｄａｂａｌｓａｍｉｆｅｒａＭｏｔｓｃｈｕｌｓｋｙ(青海省补充森林植物检疫对象 )以及杨木蠹蛾ＣｏｓｓｕｓｃｏｓｓｕｓｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓＧａｄｅ。 3种害虫在本…     

应用植物技术防治蛀干害虫

蛀干害虫的暴发往往对林、果业造成巨大的经济损失,文章从配置诱饵树和驱避树、选用抗虫品种、采用合理的造林措施、建立稳定的生态系统及利用植物引诱剂诱杀5方面,对蛀干害虫的植物防治研究和应用进行了论述。     

松毛虫寄生蝇研究Ⅰ.自然寄生动态的研究

寄生蝇Techinid flies是许多农、林、果、蔬重要害虫的有效寄生性天敌,属于双翅目,寄蝇科Thinidae昆虫,全世界已知有6500种,我国已知有450种,麻蝇科Sarcophagidae中也有许多寄生性种类,这些种类与寄绳科的种类一起统称为寄生蝇类。     

天牛类蛀干害虫为害特性及其综合治理研究进展

天牛属节肢动物门(Arthropoda)、昆虫纲(Insecta)、鞘翅目(Coleoptera),是为害林木、园林绿化树木和果树的一类重要钻蛀性害虫,目前世界已知约4 000属25 000种以上,我国已记载2 290种.目前天牛已成为我国林业大敌,仅杨树天牛的年发生面积就达60万hm.     

苹果上几种常见蛀果害虫的现场鉴别

苹果上几种常见蛀果害虫的现场鉴别江浩（烟台动植物检疫局２６４０００）自改革开放以来,烟台口岸对俄罗斯苹果和梨的出口量不断增加。食心虫是苹果、梨的常见害虫,也是危害最重、对苹果、梨品质影响最大的害虫,俄罗斯政府延用了我国政府和前苏联政府签订的植保植检双...     

梨小食心虫等蛀果害虫地域分布及鉴定

梨小食心虫 (ＧｒａｐｈｏｌｉｔｈａｍｏｌｅｓｔａＢｕｓｃｋ)等蛀果害虫在地域内的分布对果树栽培具严重威胁 ,许多国家为有效地保护本国的水果安全生产 ,把蛀果害虫纷纷列入对外检疫对象。梨小食心虫是《中俄双边植检植保协定》中 ,俄方提出的检疫性害虫 ,桃小食心虫、梨小     

新疆南部地区杏园蛀果害虫群落结构及防治药剂筛选

在杏园蛀果害虫发生期,通过室内饲养和田间诱捕研究了新疆南部地区杏园蛀果害虫发生的种类,结果表明,新疆南部地区杏园蛀果害虫共有4种,分别是李小食心虫Grapholitha funebrana Treitschke、梨小食心虫Grapholitha molesta(Busck)、苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomonella(L.)和桃条麦蛾Anarsia lineatella Zeller,其种群数量分占87.41%、3.81%、2.51%和6.27%;李小食心虫种群数量显著大于梨小食心虫、苹果蠹蛾和桃条麦蛾,为主要种类;梨小食心虫、苹果蠹蛾和桃条麦蛾为次要种类。室内药剂筛选试验结果表明,5%顺式氯氰菊酯乳油、1.2%烟碱·苦参碱乳油(烟碱0.7%,苦参碱0.5%)和5%杀铃脲悬浮剂药后1 d的防治效果差异显著,分别为95.02%、78.09%和20.15%;药后5 d,5%顺式氯氰菊酯乳油和1.2%烟碱·苦参碱乳油防治效果分别为89.71%和80.30%,无显著差异。综上,新疆南部地区杏园优势蛀果害虫为李小食心虫,5%顺式氯氰菊酯乳油和1.2%烟碱·苦参碱乳油可作为防控用药。     

天牛为害特征检索表

天牛,属于鞘翅目,天牛科,是鞘翅目中种类最多的科之一。全世界约有25 000多种,我国有2200种左右。天牛是园林、果树、药用植物等植物的重要钻蛀性害虫之一,其中危害桑树的天牛有28种,危害柳树和杨树的天牛有25种,危害柑桔类的天牛有18种,危害松树的天牛有23种。天牛主要以幼虫危害植物的木质部和韧皮部,     

进口原木携带的截材小蠹属昆虫的检疫鉴定

本文介绍了我国口岸进口木材中多次截获的截材小蠹属(Truncaudum Hulcr and Cognato,2010)昆虫,对口岸常见该属具有重要经济和检疫意义的种类,提供重要形态特征描述和图片,并对该属所有种类进行简单介绍,包括重要鉴别特征、分布等信息,以期为口岸一线的检测鉴定提供参考。     

我国赤眼蜂工厂化繁育技术改进及防治农业害虫应用现状

自20世纪50年代,我国即开始系统研究赤眼蜂的人工繁育与田间释放应用技术,在适于赤眼蜂规模化繁殖的中间寄主种类研究与应用方面取得了举世瞩目的成就。近几年,我国在利用大卵(柞蚕卵)和小卵(米蛾卵)为中间寄主工厂化繁育赤眼蜂技术方面取得了一些进展。本文从大卵繁蜂涉及的配套生产设备、生产工艺以及小卵繁蜂过程中的幼虫人工饲料配方、饲养盘和成蛾收集技术方面取得的进展进行了归纳,并介绍了一次长效放蜂技术和大、小卵蜂混合释放技术在玉米螟和水稻二化螟防治的应用。2004年以来,吉林省累计推广松毛虫赤眼蜂防治玉米螟近1300万hm²,我国在推广应用赤眼蜂防治农业害虫方面取得巨大成功。最后,对赤眼蜂工厂化生产中存在的技术问题以及发展方向进行了探讨。     

进口原木携带的唐氏小蠹属昆虫的检疫鉴定

本文介绍了我国口岸进口木材中多次截获的唐氏小蠹属(Debus Hulcr and Cognato,2010)有害昆虫,对口岸常见该属具有重要经济和检疫意义的种类,提供重要鉴别特征描述和图片,并对该属所有种类进行简单介绍,包括重要鉴别特征、寄主、分布等信息,希望能为口岸一线的检测鉴定提供参考。     

Winter wheat pests and their natural enemies under organic farming system in Slovakia: Effect of ploughing and previous crop

Organic farming system of winter wheat was investigated in Solvakia over three years, 1995–1997. The system was carried out on a small scale (four plots of 50 m²). Neither pesticides nor inorganic fertilisers were applied. Effect of two treatments, ploughing and previous crop, on the community of pests and natural enemies was surveyed. There were two types of ploughing (shallow and deep) made in autumn before sowing. As previous crops, silage-maize and alfalfa were used each season. The effect of all factors was analysed by multivariate method, redundancy analysis (RDA) and Monte Carlo permutation to assess statistical significance. During three years, 37 taxons of pests and 27 taxons of natural enemies were recorded. The results of RDA showed that the community of insects (pests and natural enemies) was mainly influenced by temporal variation. The highest abundance of all insects was observed in 1996. The effect of the two treatments on the community of pests and natural enemies was less obvious. Pests were found to be significantly more influenced by ploughingthan by previous crop. Most of pests occurred more abundantly on plots with shallow ploughing and on plots after maize. Abundance of natural enemies were, however, significantly affected by previous crop. Majority of them were more abundant on plots after maize than after alfalfa. Ploughing had only marginally significant effect on natural enemies that were more abundant on shallow ploughed plots. Both ploughing and previous crop had only negligible effect on species diversity of natural enemies.     

管氏肿腿蜂的再描述及中国硬皮肿腿蜂属Sclerodermus（Hymenoptera：Bethylidae）的种类

对我国用于防治林木蛀干害虫的重要天敌昆虫类群--肿腿蜂科硬皮肿腿蜂属Sclerodermus Latreille 1809的种类进行了订正性研究。研究表明,目前我国硬皮肿腿蜂属共有4个种,分别是管氏肿腿蜂Sclerodermus guani Xiao et Wu 1983,川硬皮肿腿蜂S. sichuanensis Xiao 1995,海南硬皮肿腿蜂 S. hainanica Xiao 1995和白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂S. pupariae Yang et Yao 2012,另有1疑似分布种--哈氏肿腿蜂S. harmandi Buysson 1903。编制了区分这5个种的检索表。研究认为,日本和韩国专家将我国的管氏肿腿蜂更名为哈氏肿腿蜂（作为同物异名）是不合适的,管氏肿腿蜂应为一个有效种。对管氏肿腿蜂根据模式标本进行了再描述,提供了形态特征照片图;也引述了日本学者Terayama（2006）对哈氏肿腿蜂的再描述,以便区分这两个种。并以对照表的形式,给出了区分这两种的主要形态特征。同时也对作者2012年发表在美国的Annals of the Entomological Societuy of America 上的新种--白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂做了简要描述,附有该种的形态特征照片图,并记述了该种的生物学、行为学特性,以便国内学者鉴定该种时参考。研究发现白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂也寄生栗山天牛Massicus raddei、光肩星天牛Anoplophora glabripennis、锈色粒肩天牛Apriona swansoni、咖啡脊虎天牛Xylotrechus grayii和白蜡窄吉丁Agrilus planipennis及苹小吉丁A. mali等我国多种重要的林木蛀干害虫,是一种可利用于防治这些害虫的优秀天敌。     

检验检疫监管库有害生物集成监测技术的初步研究

检验检疫监管库是进境货物木质包装进入我国境内的首个集散地,也是木质包装中有害生物传入的高风险区域。本研究引入林业生产上成熟应用的信息素监测技术作为定向监测,并结合广谱性的黑光灯监测作为非定向监测,在检验检疫监管库针对木质包装中截获频次较高的小蠹和天牛开展了集成监测技术研究。结果表明,该集成监测技术监测到多种有害生物,除美国白蛾外,没有监测到其他检疫性有害生物。     

Winter wheat pests and their natural enemies under organic farming system in Slovakia: Effect of ploughing and previous crop

Organic farming system of winter wheat was investigated in Solvakia over three years, 1995–1997. The system was carried out on a small scale (four plots of 50 m²). Neither pesticides nor inorganic fertilisers were applied. Effect of two treatments, ploughing and previous crop, on the community of pests and natural enemies was surveyed. There were two types of ploughing (shallow and deep) made in autumn before sowing. As previous crops, silage-maize and alfalfa were used each season. The effect of all factors was analysed by multivariate method, redundancy analysis (RDA) and Monte Carlo permutation to assess statistical significance. During three years, 37 taxons of pests and 27 taxons of natural enemies were recorded. The results of RDA showed that the community of insects (pests and natural enemies) was mainly influenced by temporal variation. The highest abundance of all insects was observed in 1996. The effect of the two treatments on the community of pests and natural enemies was less obvious. Pests were found to be significantly more influenced by ploughingthan by previous crop. Most of pests occurred more abundantly on plots with shallow ploughing and on plots after maize. Abundance of natural enemies were, however, significantly affected by previous crop. Majority of them were more abundant on plots after maize than after alfalfa. Ploughing had only marginally significant effect on natural enemies that were more abundant on shallow ploughed plots. Both ploughing and previous crop had only negligible effect on species diversity of natural enemies.     

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service research on biological control of arthropods

During 1999-2001, ARS scientists published over 100 papers on more than 30 species of insect pest and 60 species of predator and parasitoid. These papers address issues crucial to the three strategies of biological control: conservation, augmentation and introduction. Conservation biological control includes both conserving extant populations of natural enemies by using relatively non-toxic pesticides and increasing the abundance of natural enemies in crops by providing or improving refuges for population growth and dispersal into crops. ARS scientists have been very active in determining the effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods and in studying movement of natural enemies from refuges into crops. Augmentation involves repeated releases of natural enemies in the field, which can be inoculative or inundative. Inoculative releases are used to initiate self-propagating populations at times or in places where they would be slow to colonize. ARS scientists have studied augmentative biological control of a variety of pest insects. The targets are mostly pests in annual crops or other ephemeral habitats, where self-reproducing populations of natural enemies are not sufficiently abundant early enough to keep pest populations in check. ARS research in augmentative biological control centers on methods for rearing large numbers of healthy, effective natural enemies and for releasing them where and when they are needed at a cost less than the value of the reduction in damage to the crop. ARS scientists have researched various aspects of introductions of exotic biological control agents against a diversity of pest insects. The major issues in biological control introductions are accurate identification and adequate systematics of both natural enemies and target pests, exploration for natural enemies, predicting the success of candidates for introduction and the likelihood of non-target impacts, quarantine and rearing methods, and post-introduction evaluation of establishment, control and non-target impacts. ARS scientists have published research on several general issues in biological control. Among the most important are the mechanisms affecting mate- and host-finding and host specificity.     

青海高原干旱地区藜麦害虫与天敌名录及5种害虫记述

为了明确青海高原干旱地区最近几年引种的藜麦Chenopodium quinoa Willd.上的害虫种类、发生规律、为害程度以及天敌资源种类,2014年—2017年我们对本地区藜麦田内的害虫及其天敌进行了系统的调查统计,分别将它们整理成害虫、天敌名录。截至目前,发现为害藜麦的昆虫36种,分属于5目15科,并未发现检疫性害虫,在藜麦田调查到天敌21种,分属于2纲7目12科,其中昆虫纲18种,蛛形纲3种。本文弄清了藜麦上的主要及次要害虫种类,研究了它们的为害特点及发生规律,明确了萹蓄齿胫叶甲Gastrophysa polygoni Linnaeus、黄曲条跳甲Phyllotreta vittuta Fabricius、横纹菜蝽Eurydema gebleri Kolenati、菠菜潜叶蝇Pegomya exilis Meigen及宽胫夜蛾Melicleptria scutosa Schiffermüller等害虫的生物学特性与为害规律,分析了它们的可能重要来源途径。鉴于本地区高寒、高海拔、盐碱、干旱的特殊生境,结合生产实际提出了针对藜麦害虫的绿色安全防控措施。