白萝卜不溶性膳食纤维提取方法的比较及其对饼干消化的影响

以烘干和冻干白萝卜粉为原料,采用酶法、酸法和碱法提取不溶性膳食纤维(IDF),测定IDF的持水力、持油力、膨胀力,并用性质最佳的IDF制作韧性饼干,研究其对饼干消化的影响。结果表明,从冻干粉提取的IDF理化性质总体优于烘干粉。其中,以酶法从冻干粉提取的IDF最优,其持水力为17.19 g/g,持油力为2.11 g/g,膨胀力为18.2 m L/g。添加10%的白萝卜膳食纤维不影响饼干的风味和口感,但可降低淀粉的消化速率。     

铜藻膳食纤维的提取及其理化特性研究

铜藻经复合酶解、化学处理、脱色、过滤等工艺流程,提取水溶性和水不溶性膳食纤维,研究蛋白酶种类、蛋白酶用量、复合酶比、料液比等因素对产率的影响,确立最佳工艺条件,并分析了提取的水不溶性膳食纤维的理化特性。结果表明,铜藻膳食纤维最佳提取条件为：蛋白酶加酶量2%,中性蛋白酶与纤维素酶比例30∶1,料液比1∶20（g/mL）,提取温度50 ℃,酶解时间2 h;最佳脱色条件为：料液比1∶20（g/mL）,过氧化氢浓度6%,脱色温度80 ℃,脱色时间1 h。水不溶性膳食纤维产率为32.14%,呈浅绿色;水溶性膳食纤维产率为2.26%,呈淡黄色。按照上述条件制备的水不溶性膳食纤维的膨胀力为(14.99±0.23) mL/g,持水力为1 255.50%±0.15%,吸附不饱和脂肪量为170.84%±0.18%,吸附饱和脂肪量为238.87%±0.37%。研究表明,铜藻的水不溶性膳食纤维具有较好的水合能力、吸附油脂等功能特性,可以作为原料开发多元化产品。     

白萝卜不溶性膳食纤维的酸法提取及其理化性质研究

以白萝 卜为原料,通过酸法提取不溶性膳食纤维,并对其抗氧化性和理化性质进行研究.结果表明:以0.1％柠檬酸为提取溶剂,液料比30∶1(mL/g),50℃水浴30 min,不溶性膳食纤维的DPPH·清除率最高,为65.33％.此提取条件下,不溶性膳食纤维得率为39.72％,且理化性质优良:持水力6.48 g/g,膨胀力4.4 mL/g,持油力2.12 g/g.     

芋头苗膳食纤维提取的研究

通过正交实验法确定了芋头苗水溶性膳食纤维的最佳提取工艺条件为:温度80℃,pH值6.0,时间30min,提取液用量35mL·g-1,此条件下提取水溶性膳食纤维的产率达32.15%。同时分别采用化学法、酶法、酶与化学结合法从芋头苗中提取水不溶性膳食纤维,并且对3种方法得到的水不溶性膳食纤维产品进行了分析比较。结果表明,采用酶与化学结合法得到的水不溶性膳食纤维产品纯度最高,生理活性最好,产率为38.23%,持水能力和膨胀能力分别为8.18,10.27mL·g-1。     

酶法制备芋头不溶性膳食纤维的研究

为了避免芋头制成饮料后膳食纤维作为废弃物被浪费,采用酶法提取芋头不溶性膳食纤维,对酶解温度、料液比、pH值、加酶量进行单因素试验及正交试验分析。结果表明,酶法提取芋头不溶性膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件为酶解温度60℃,料液比1∶10,pH值6.0,淀粉酶用量0.18 g。经验证试验,得到芋头不溶性膳食纤维的平均提取率为4.125%。经60℃烘干的芋头不溶性膳食纤维呈淡黄色,可以直接用作食品配料。     

沙果渣膳食纤维酶法制备工艺研究

制备高品质的沙果渣膳食纤维,以沙果渣为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验,研究纤维素酶酶解法制备高活性沙果渣膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件,并对优化后沙果渣膳食纤维的持水力、持油力和膨胀力等理化性质进行了分析。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为纤维素酶用量50 U/g,酶解时间80 min,酶解温度45℃,pH值4.6,此时测得SDF/TDF为18.86%。该条件下所得的膳食纤维呈淡黄色,其持水力为6.87 g/g,持油力为7.36 g/g,膨胀力为6.54 mL/g。     

不同提取方法对野木瓜膳食纤维提取及其抗氧化特性的影响研究

以野木瓜为原料,通过微波法、超声辅助碱法、双酶法、酸碱法、超声辅助酶法5种方法提取水溶性膳食纤维(SDF)和水不溶性膳食纤维(IDF),根据提取样品的色泽对显色反应影响,选用微波法、双酶法、超声辅助酶法提取的SDF和IDF作为抗氧化特性研究对象,并测定其还原能力、羟自由基和DPPH自由基清除能力,以研究其抗氧化特性。综合提取率、羟自由基清除率、DPPH自由基清除率及还原能力,确定微波法为野木瓜SDF和IDF提取工艺最适宜的方法。     

碱法提取凉茶残渣中水不溶性膳食纤维的工艺研究

以凉茶残渣淡竹叶和金钱草为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验优化淡竹叶和金钱草中水不溶性膳食纤维(IDF)的提取工艺条件,并对提取的IDF进行相关指标测定。结果表明,淡竹叶中水不溶性膳食纤维的最佳提取工艺条件为:料液比1∶10(g/m L),碱液浓度5 mg/m L,水解时间2.0 h,浸提温度70℃。在该工艺条件下,淡竹叶IDF的提取率为63.75%±0.94%,持水力为(4.00±0.22)g/g,膨胀力为(7.87±0.33)m L/g,高于标准麸皮的相关功能性指标。金钱草中水不溶性膳食纤维的最佳提取工艺条件为:料液比1∶20(g/m L),碱液浓度5 mg/m L,水解时间1.5 h,浸提温度50℃。在该工艺条件下,金钱草膳食纤维的提取率为60.16%±0.39%,持水力(3.67±0.17)g/g,膨胀力为(8.67±0.37)m L/g。虽然金钱草水不溶性膳食纤维的持水力略低于标准麸皮,但溶胀性高于标准麸皮。总体而言,碱法提取水不溶性膳食纤维的工艺稳定性高,可节约能源,适于工业应用,为进一步开发高附加值产品奠定了一定的基础。     

响应面法优化残次枣中不溶性膳食纤维提取工艺

以残次哈密大枣为原料,采用酶重量法提取不溶性膳食纤维,在单因素试验的基础上,根据Box-Behnken中心组合实验设计原理,以不溶性膳食纤维得率为响应值,设计三因素三水平响应面分析试验,优化残次枣中不溶性膳食纤维的提取工艺参数,同时建立并分析各个因素与对应变量的数学模型。结果表明,提取残次枣不溶性膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件为:α-淀粉酶添加量0.5%,中性蛋白酶添加量0.6%,液料比27∶1,酶解温度50℃,酶解40 min。在此条件下,残次枣中不溶性膳食纤维得率可达13.04%。     

菠萝叶可溶性膳食纤维碱法提取工艺的优化

以菠萝叶为原料,通过单因素及正交试验优化碱法提取菠萝叶可溶性膳食纤维的工艺条件。结果表明,碱法提取菠萝叶可溶性膳食纤维的最佳工艺为：料液比1∶60（g/mL）,NaOH碱液浓度20 mg/mL,浸提温度90 ℃,浸提时间2.0 h。在此工艺条件下,菠萝叶可溶性膳食纤维的提取率为9.48%。该提取工艺稳定性高,可节约能源,适于工业应用,为进一步开发高附加值产品奠定一定的基础。     

冷冻干燥速溶蛋花汤的加工技术

介绍了运用冷冻干燥技术进行速溶蛋花汤的加工,研究了生产工艺、特点以及影响产品质量的主要因素。试验表明,采用冷冻干燥技术加工的速溶蛋花汤,具有营养丰富、风味独特、方便快捷等特点。     

Measuring of Quantity of Matter-mass and the Measuring of Inertia of Matter-momentclm

A new definition of inertia,i.e. the momentum is the measuring of inertia of matter, is proposed. The article through and etc., subjects, the correctness of the new notion of inertia:The monentum is the measuring of inertia has been demonstrated, and the unsolved contradictions of the traditional definition of inetia. And the mass is the measuring of inertia has been revealed.     

香蕉遗传转化方法研究进展

香蕉是热带亚热带发展中国家重要的粮食作物和碳水化合物来源。但近年来,香蕉生产受到严重的病虫危害。大多数香蕉栽培品种是三倍体,生长周期长,而且不孕。由于没有种子,给繁殖和育种带来一定的困难。遗传转化技术的发展为香蕉品种的改良提供了一种有效的手段。香蕉的遗传转化方法有电激法、基因枪法、农杆菌介导法等。农杆菌介导法的应用是香蕉品种改良的一个重大突破。香蕉遗传转化的外植体也发展到多种,有原生质体,胚性细胞悬浮系,分生组织,以及横切薄片等。近几年,随着分子生物学的发展,出现了转化效率更高,重复性更好的香蕉遗传转化技术。如农杆菌和基因枪结合法,离心辅助农杆菌介导法、真空渗透技术等。这些新技术新方法的出现,必将推动香蕉产业高速发展。     

壳聚糖对石榴果汁澄清效果的影响

利用壳聚糖的絮凝作用对壳聚糖在甜石榴汁澄清中的应用效果进行了研究,试验结果表明,壳聚糖用量为0.3g/L、澄清时间为60min、温度为35℃时,甜石榴汁透光率可达85%以上,且通过对壳聚糖处理前后可溶性固形物、总酸、VC等营养成分含量的比较,确定以上工艺参数为甜石榴汁澄清的最佳选择。     

新疆布尔津县土地利用格局特征研究

基于RS与GIS技术,利用景观生态学理论及景观格局指数对布尔津县土地利用现状进行定量分析。结果显示为：（1）布尔津县以草地、林地为主要景观类型,镶嵌着耕地、水域等景观类型。（2）四个分区（即高山区、丘陵区、平原区、荒漠区）的林地资源组成差异明显,耕地、居民、交通及工矿用地集中分布在丘陵区和平原区（3）从各项指数来看,高山区的多样性指数较低;平原区是受人文因素最多的区域,景观优势度低,各种土地利用类型比例差异不大,有利于生态可持续发展,但要合理的开发利用;荒漠区生态环境相对脆弱,要加强生态环境的保护与改善。通过该研究对布尔津县的土地利用现状作一个了解,为该县乃至整个地区的景观规划和可持续发展战略提供科学依据。     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...     

影响核桃贮藏品质因素的分析

介绍了几种核桃贮藏方法,综述了影响核桃贮藏品质的几个主要因素,以及针对上述影响因素提出若干解决对策.     

Efficiency of water use of early plantings of sunflower

Rain fed crop production in Mediterranean environments depends to a large extent on strategies that avoid the intense summer drought. Early plantings of sunflower have given consistently higher yields in such environments, but the basis for such yield increases has not been explored. We conducted two field experiments at Cordoba (Spain) to investigate the effects of an early and a late planting date on the components of water-limited crop productivity; namely, water use (T), water use efficiency (TE) and harvest index (HI) of sunflower. The results were generalized by simulating rain fed sunflower yields, under early (1 January) and late (15 March) plantings, for a 25-year period with the aid of a simulation model of the Ceres type (OILCROP-SUN) which has been validated in Cordoba. Experimental seed yields of early plantings in 1989 and 1996 were 2.0 and 3.0 t ha⁻¹, while late plantings yields were 1.3 and 2.4 t ha⁻¹, for the 2 years. Average simulated yields were 2.7 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 0.7 t ha⁻¹ for early and late plantings, respectively. For the 2 years, T of early plantings was higher than that of late plantings, but the response of TE and HI to planting date was not the same in the two experiments. In the simulation exercise, T and TE of early plantings were consistently higher than those of late plantings, while there were no differences in the HI for the two planting dates. We conclude that early plantings of sunflower increase rain fed yields by increasing both T and TE, while the impact of planting date on HI very much depends on the crop water stress pattern, which is quite variable from year to year even in the predictable Mediterranean environment.     

Establishment of High-frequency Regeneration System of Explants of Alfalfa

The cotyledon and hypocotyl of eight varieties of alfalfa( Medicago sativa L. )are used to study the effect of different cultivation procedures and genotypes on embryogenic callus and embryoid induction,plant development and transplant of alfalfa.The varieties of alfalfa with high embryoid induction rate and high differentiation rate are screened. A high frequency regeneration system for alfalfa tissue culture is established:which is benifical to the gene transformation of alfalfa.     

Laboratorial Method of Determining Limit of Yielding of Material

Based on the relation between the incipient yield pressure and the limit of yielding in cylinder according to the elastic disabled rule, a laboratorial method of determining limit of yielding of material is designed and a set of experimental data were gained by the method. The incipient yield pressure of the cylinder is gained by analyzing the experimental data, and then the limit of yielding is gained. The laboratorial method has a good reliability as the experimental value has a little error to the theory value. It has a definite engineering signification and theory value to research the mechanical capability of material and the disabled rule of high pressure vessel.