雪莲果复合果汁饮料的研制

以雪莲果原汁为主要原料,添加适量的梨原汁及蔗糖、柠檬酸等其它辅料,通过L9(34)正交实验确定最佳工艺参数.结果表明:雪莲果原汁25％、梨原汁10％、糖酸比100:2、果胶用量0.2％时,可生产出风味良好的雪莲果复合果汁饮料.     

雪莲果柚子复合果汁的研制

以雪莲果、柚子为试材,研究了雪莲果柚子复合果汁的最佳生产工艺.结果表明:当雪莲果原汁与柚子原汁的比值为10∶4,原果汁的用量为50％,柠檬酸、蔗糖和蜂蜜的添加量分别为0.05％、12％和4％,以1％黄原胶和1％ CMC-Na复配作为稳定剂使用时,制得的复合果汁具有较好的风味和色泽,酸甜适宜,组织形态较好.     

西番莲的种苗培育

西番莲又称鸡蛋果、百香果，属热带亚热带多年生的草本植物。叶片黄绿色、掌状深裂；果卵形（故称鸡蛋果），果瓤柔软多汁，甜酸可口，营养丰富，是优质的加工型原料水果。现将西番莲的种苗培育技术介绍如下： 1 品种选择 西番莲原产南美巴西，品种较多，目前，在生产上广泛推广的有黄果西番莲和紫果西番莲两个品种。黄果西番莲对干旱、寒害、病害的抗性均明显优于紫果西番莲；且黄果西番莲的产量（12～18t/hm2）比紫果（3～4.5t/hm2高；黄果西番莲的果汁率在34.9%～38.5%，故作为生产浓缩果汁的优质原料，应以黄果西番莲为主要推广品种…     

雪莲果紫斑病菌生物学特性初步研究

设定不同培养基、pH值、不同温度和光照条件对雪莲果紫斑病病原菌进行生物学特性的初步研究。结果表明,雪莲果紫斑病菌的最适培养基为PDA,菌丝最适生长温度为24℃,最佳pH值为7～8,光照对菌丝生长影响不大。     

微波渗糖加工低糖大果山楂果脯工艺研究

为了改善山楂果脯的口感、延长其保质期,本文以大果山楂为原料,采用微波渗糖技术,以感观评分为指标,研究低糖大果山楂果脯的加工工艺条件,并对产品的理化指标和微生物指标进行测定。结果表明,微波渗糖加工低糖大果山楂果脯的最佳工艺条件为糖液质量浓度45%,糖煮时间25 min,微波功率140 W,微波时间20 min,在该条件下得到的低糖大果山楂果脯感官评分为88.3分,产品颜色鲜亮,果脯饱满,酸甜适宜;且产品经理化指标和微生物指标检测,结果均符合果脯国家标准的相关规定。     

雪莲果多酚氧化酶性质及其抑制方法研究

从雪莲果块根中提取多酚氧化酶(PPO),对其最适反应pH、最适反应温度、热稳定性进行研究,同时研究了VC、氯化钠、柠檬酸、蔗糖、柠檬汁和橘子汁对PPO活性的影响。结果表明:雪莲果PPO的最适反应pH为6.4,最适反应温度为30℃,在80、90、100℃分别处理300、240、220 s时完全失活。NaCl和蔗糖对雪莲果PPO活力没有影响,VC、柠檬酸、柠檬汁和橘子汁对其有很好的抑制作用,柠檬汁和橘子汁可作为天然抑制剂应用于雪莲果加工中。VC、柠檬酸对PPO的抑制作用高度显著,橘子汁、VC与柠檬酸的交互作用对PPO活性有显著影响。     

山楂、胡萝卜果酱的制作

1　工艺流程原料选择→清洗→修整、切分、去核→预煮→打浆→配料备糖→加糖浓缩→装瓶→密封→杀菌→冷却→成品。2　操作要点2 .1　原料选择　要求山楂果实充分成熟、色泽鲜红 ,并剔除病虫、伤烂果 ;胡萝卜要求正常成熟。2 .2　原料预处理　包括清洗、修整、切分、去核。胡萝卜刮净、清洗、再用刀剔去绿茎部分 ,切成长10 mm左右、粗 2～ 3mm的块备用。将山楂在 0 .5%盐酸溶液中浸泡 5～ 10分钟 ,以除去果皮上残留农药 ,然后用清水冲洗干净 ,再用捅核刀除去果蒂、果柄及果核 ,最后用不锈钢刀切成 4块备用。2 .3　预煮　胡萝卜块和山楂块应…     

雪莲果根腐病菌生物学特性初步研究

设置不同培养基、不同温度、pH值和光照条件对雪莲果根腐病病原菌进行了生物学特性的初步研究。结果表明:雪莲果根腐病菌的最适培养基为PDA,菌丝最适生长温度为20~25℃,最佳pH为6~7,光照对菌丝生长影响不大。     

西番莲茎基腐病的发生特点及防治技术

<正>西番莲又名百香果、鸡蛋果、热情果,具有菠萝、香蕉、柠檬、苹果等多种水果的复合芳香,是一种高级天然饮料,被誉为天然水果之王。然而西番莲的生产日益受到西番莲病害,尤其是西番莲茎基腐病的严重为害,2009年南安市从台湾南投县引进紫果西番莲在码头镇东大村进行种植,2011年6月笔者到该果园开展西番莲主要病虫害调查,发现西番莲茎基腐病(Fusarium solani)发生比较严重,平均株发病率14%,死亡率5%,     

西番莲的特性与丰产栽培技术

西番莲，又名百香果、鸡蛋果，具有菠萝、香蕉、柠檬、苹果等多种水果的复合芳香，被誉为“天然水果之王”。西番莲果肉可以鲜食，果汁可以制成水果饮料，枝蔓极具观赏价值，集经济、营养、美化价值为一体。因此，发展加工型西番莲生产是一项投资少、受益长、收入高的致富门路，市场前景广阔。2003年永泰县从台湾引进西番莲品种，在富泉乡力星村进行试种获得成功。现将其特性及栽培技术总结如下。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.