花生品种辐7—28的生育特性

选育与推广早熟、产量高而稳定的花生品种,是夺取花生高产的重要措施之一。为适应花生生产的需要,我所自1977年始用粤油551-11经Co~(60)照射处理,选育出辐7-28花生新品种,通过江西省和全国(长江流域片)的花生品种区试和试验示范,目前已大面积推广。1986年11月通过江西省科委鉴定,1987年荣获江西省科技进步三等奖。     

花生新品种──赣花5号

花生新品种──赣花５号孙天福（江西省鹰潭市刘家站垦殖场）赣花５号花生新品种是由江西省鹰潭市刘家站垦殖场从辐射亲本粤油５５１—１１的变异后代中，用系统选育的方法培育而成（原名为辐１６—２４－１）。１９８４－１９８６年参加江西省花生品种区域试验，平均亩产...     

江西省花生产业发展现状及展望

为摸清江西花生产业发展规律，探索新的发展方向和途径，本研究调研比较了江西省和周围邻近省份及 山东、河南等花生高产省份在花生总产、种植面积和单产方面的变化规律，及各省历年花生审定品种情况和品种产 量增长规律。结果表明江西花生产业发展相对滞后，主要原因为：1.江西土壤类型为红壤，有机质及营养元素含量 较低，不利于花生生长；2.品种更新速度慢、品种老化严重且花生品质改良没有得到重视，优质新品种相对较少；3. 良种缺乏与之配套的高产栽培技术。江西省花生芝麻产业技术体系的成立大力推动了江西花生产业的发展，2019 区域实验结果表明江西花生品种具有较大的高产潜力。平均荚果产量和籽仁产量最高的均为粤油271，荚果产量 达到6305.95 kg/hm2 ，籽仁产量为4632.57 kg/hm2 ，在试验品种中居第一位；粤油1712荚果产量为6022.25 kg/hm2， 籽仁产量为3824 kg/hm2，综合表现好，在试验品种中居第二位；湘花522荚果产量5451.6 kg/hm2，籽仁产量4003.8 kg/hm2，在试验品种中居第三位。这表明随着科技投入的进一步加大，产量潜力优良品种的培育及释放将推动江西 花生产业进入跨越式的发展阶段。     

高产优质花生新品种赣花8号的选育与栽培技术

花生新品种赣花8号(原名赣花7002),系江西省农业科学院作物研究所以粤油202-35作母本,87-77FS品系作父本,通过杂交选育而成的油用型花生新品种。具有早熟、高产、优质、抗病抗逆等优良特性。2011年1月通过国家花生品种鉴定。赣花8号适宜在江西、湖南、四川、江苏、湖北等长江流域的沙土、沙质壤土种植,作为高产、油用型花生品种具有很好的开发应用前景。     

抗锈高产花生品种汕油27在育种中的应用

花生品种汕油27具有突出的丰产性与抗锈性、优良的生态株型与广泛的适应性，是珍珠豆型花生抗锈高产育种上可成功利用的中心亲本。我国南方利用汕油27作亲本材料已育成了30多个花生品种，其中通过国家和省级审定品种19个。这些衍生品种主要应用于南方春秋两熟花生区，推广面积较大的品种有汕油523、汕油71、粤油223、粤油79和湛油30等。     

2006年通过国家鉴定的花生品种介绍

2006年11月，经全国花生品种区域试验，全国花生品种鉴定委员会鉴定，共有9个花生品种通过鉴定。分别为①黔花生四号，由贵州省油料研究所育成，组合为粤油187-226／伏花生。属珍珠豆型早熟品种，适合重庆、湖北、江西、湖南四省及四川中北部花生产区种植；②庐花9号，由安徽省肥东县花生原种场选育，品种来源为小二洋／岳油117（中花4号），属珍珠豆型、直立疏枝品种，适合重庆、湖北、河南、安徽和江苏花生产区种植；     

广西审定花生品种系谱及农艺性状演变

为加快花生新品种选育效率,分析了广西1986-2016年审定的51个花生品种系谱及农艺性状的演变。 结果表明,广西审定花生品种共涉及75个直接亲本,其中,主要以广东的育成品种及广西的中间材料为主。杂交育 种是广西花生品种改良的主要手段,并以“育成品种×中间材料”和“育成品种×育成品种”两种组配模式为主。粤油 551、汕油523、粤油223等是广西审定花生品种的骨干亲本。近年以来,广西审定花生品种荚果产量增产显著,但品 质性状没有明显提高,株高、侧枝长、百果重、百仁重对增产贡献较大。因此,加强国内外花生优异种质的引进和利 用,重视品质和抗性改良,是广西花生育种需要完善的地方;在常规杂交育种的基础上,利用分子标记辅助育种等 现代生物技术手段,以实现花生育种更好更快的发展。     

花生品种粤油14亲缘关系鉴定分析

花生品种粤油14是广东省农业科学院作物研究所以粤油116、印度花皮、汕油27、汕油71和湛油12等优良品种资源为亲本经复合杂交选育而成的高产多抗花生新品种。本文对花生品种粤油14及亲本共7份资源进行了系谱分析和SSR标记聚类分析。两种方法分析结果基本一致,粤油14与湛油12、汕油27、汕油71的亲缘关系最近,其次是粤油116、粤油367,亲缘关系最远的是印度花皮。     

花生品种根瘤菌固氮酶活性的鉴定评价

对花生品种根瘤菌固氮酶活性进行了初步鉴定,并提出鉴定评价标准。鉴定筛选出高固氮酶活性的花生品种粤油55、粤油86和粤油20三份。     

花生品质的初步分析

一、引言 花生是我省当前的主要食油作物之一,其种仁除含有很高的油分外,还含有丰富的蛋白质。在“以粮为纲,全面发展”方针的指引下,各主要花生产区通过引种和培育,推广了一批花生优良品种,对花生增产起了一定的促进作用。为了进一步了解花生品质和搞好花生育种工作,落实“备战、备荒、为人民”的战略方针,我们初步分析了闽南地区目前大面积种植的花生品种(狮头企、桠2241、粉红、晋油2号、龙油9号、东油11号)和新引进的一些花生品种(粤油551、战斗2号、69—194、69—608、化油14、恩平白肉等)春、秋植种子的含油量和蛋白质、可溶性糖、淀粉的含量,为生产上推广新品种,合理选择育种亲本,科学地确定收获时期以及开展花生综合利用提供依据。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

Present Situation and Consideration of Seed Processing and Testing Theory and Technology

Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。