家畜早期胚胎性别鉴定的研究进展

家畜早期胚胎的性别鉴定是家畜胚胎移植的重要内容,对实现动物性别的人为控制具有重要意义。近年来随着性别鉴定技术的不断发展,出现了许多鉴定方法。本文对性别决定基因、动物性别决定机理、早期胚胎性别鉴定的方法等作一简要综述。     

家畜早期胚胎性别鉴定的研究进展

家畜早期胚胎的性别鉴定是家畜胚胎移植的重要内容,对实现动物性别的人为控制具有重要意义。近年来随着性别鉴定技术的不断发展,出现了许多鉴定方法。本文对性别决定基因、动物性别决定机理、早期胚胎性别鉴定的方法等作简要综述。     

基因扩增技术在牛早期胚胎性别鉴定中的应用

家畜早期胚胎性别鉴定是近年来胚胎工程领域研究的重点，而基因扩增技术在胚胎性别鉴定的应用为实现家畜性别的人为控制带来了新的希望。目前用于牛胚胎性别鉴定的基因扩增方法主要有PCR法和LAMP法等。文章对SRY基因、动物性别决定的生物学机理和用于牛早期胚胎性别鉴定的基因扩增技术作一简要综述。     

家畜早期胚胎性别鉴定方法综述

家畜早期胚胎的性别鉴定在动物生产实际中具有重要意义。随着科学技术的不断进步,动物早期性别鉴定方法也在不断发展,目前已研究出了许多家畜早期胚胎性别鉴定方法。本文主要对家畜性别决定机理、早期胚胎性别鉴定常见的方法做一综述,特别对生产实用的PCR法及非电泳PCR法做一介绍,旨在为相关人员提供参考。     

家畜早期胚胎性别鉴定

家畜早期胚胎性别鉴定对畜牧业生产具有重要的现实意义,目前,应用于家畜早期胚胎性别鉴定的技术主要有：细菌遗传学方法,生物化学方法,免疫学方法和分子生物学方法等,本文对几种方法的研究现状,主要优缺点和发展前景作一系统介绍。     

家畜早期胚胎性别鉴定技术的应用

家畜早期胚胎性别鉴定技术是家畜性别控制和胚胎移植技术的一项重要内容,对畜牧业生产具有重要意义。随着胚胎性别鉴定技术的不断发展,出现了很多新的方法。笔者对有关早期胚胎性别鉴定方法、存在问题及前景进行了综述。     

家畜早期胚胎性别鉴定方法在畜牧业中的应用

家畜早期胚胎性别鉴定对畜牧业生产具有重要意义。目前，应用于家畜早期胚胎性别鉴定的方法主要有：细胞遗传学方法，生物化学方法、免疫学方法和分子生物学方法等。本文对这几种方法的研究现状、主要优缺点及在畜牧业中的应用作一综述。     

家畜胚胎性别鉴定的分子生物学方法及现状

家畜胚胎的早期性别鉴定技术是家畜性别控制技术的一个重要途径,也是家畜胚胎移殖技术的一项重要内容,随着胚胎冷冻,切割及核移殖技术等的发展,家畜的性别控制技术愈来愈显得重要。它一直是畜牧生产和科研关注的热点。本文就家畜胚胎性别鉴定的意义、分子生物学方法及研究现状等方面加以综述。1性别控制的意义通过家畜胚胎早期性别鉴定实现性别控制,一方面能大大提高畜牧业的经济效益、由于人工授精技术的普及,公畜的需要量越来越少。因此,奶牛、奶山羊、犬、兔,都以雌性价值高。而在实际生产中,根据生产的实际需要,也需人为地控…     

应用PCR技术鉴定牛早期胚胎性别的研究

应用ＰＣＲ技术鉴定牛早期胚胎性别的研究吕碧文俞颂东金水仙（浙江省农科院畜牧兽医所,杭州,３１００２１）家畜胚胎的早期性别鉴定技术,是家畜胚胎移植技术的一项重要内容,其实质就是Ｙ染色体或存在于Ｙ染色体上的性别决定基因（即ＳＲＹ基因）的检测技术。ＰＣＲ...     

家畜性别决定的机制及其控制的研究进展

家畜性别决定的分子机理以及通过实施精子分离和早期胚胎性别鉴定来进行性别控制的进展。     

哺乳动物胚胎性别鉴定技术的研究进展

性别控制是通过人为方法使雌性成年动物按照人们的意愿生产特定性别后代的动物繁殖新技术。早期胚胎鉴定是性别控制的一条重要途径，近年来取得了长足进展，尤其是聚合酶链式反应技术。本文综述了胚胎性别鉴定的基本原理、鉴定方法以及研究概况，并阐述了该技术存在的问题及发展前景。     

哺乳动物胚胎玻璃化冷冻研究进展

近40年来,利用冷冻保存技术将哺乳动物胚胎长期保存起来,建立"胚胎库"是保护物种资源和拯救濒危动物的有效手段,同时也是加快家畜品种改良、建立动物基因库和实施胚胎移植产业化的重要组成部分,也可以为克隆、转基因等现代生物技术提供丰富的试验材料,使胚胎的供给不受时间和空间的限制。胚胎冷冻保存技术在人类辅助生殖方面也具有广阔的应用前景。本文主要介绍了玻璃化冷冻过程中胚胎冷冻主体承载工具特点和应用,并展望未来哺乳动物胚胎冷冻发展的方向。     

Genetic diagnosis of claudin-16 deficiency and sex determination in bovine preimplantation embryos

Renal tubular dysplasia is an autosomal recessively inherited disorder in Japanese black cattle that is due to deletion mutations in the claudin-16 gene and causes chronic renal failure and death of affected animals. Here, we report a multiplex-PCR procedure to determine the genotype for claudin-16 deficiency in preimplantation embryos. The presence or absence of the wild-type and mutant allele(s) was precisely detected with the multiplex-PCR using as little as 5 pg of genomic DNA from leukocytes. When biopsied embryo cells were examined for claudin-16 deficiency, 97.2% of genotypes were consistent with the PCR results obtained for the corresponding embryos. In addition, sexing of embryos by PCR was performed using an aliquot of DNA extracted from biopsied embryo cells, and determination of claudin-16 genotype and sex was successfully achieved with an efficiency of 91.7% for claudin-16 genotyping and 83.3% for sexing. The production of a 100-day fetus that was male and homozygous for claudin-16 deficiency, as expected from the analysis of biopsied embryo cells, gave evidence of the reliability and applicability of this procedure for preventing the transmission of this disease and for enabling advances in animal breeding.     

哺乳动物早期胚胎性别鉴定研究进展

性别控制技术已经成为繁殖生物学中重要的研究课题和研究方向,哺乳动物的性别控制是指通过对精子或胚胎的性别鉴定以达到调控子代性别的目的。目前,哺乳动物性别控制的方法很多,主要有精子控制法和早期胚胎性别控制法等。文章主要介绍了早期胚胎性别鉴定方法的基本原理、研究现状、优缺点及在畜牧业中的应用,为进一步探讨哺乳动物的性别控制提供参考。     

超排技术及其在家养鹿中应用的研究进展

超数排卵(简称超排)可诱导大量卵泡成熟排卵,增加可移植胚胎的数量,在家畜胚胎移植中起着至关重要的作用,同时也是进行转基因动物生产和动物克隆等研究的基础手段之一。作者介绍了几种常用超数排卵方法和特点及影响超排效果的影响因素,就超数排卵技术在反刍动物(牛羊和鹿科动物)中的最新应用进行了概括论述并提出了存在的问题和发展前景。     

Application study of developmental engineering for livestock production

This paper describes several technical improvements in developmental engineering for livestock production, including their practical utility in the field. The artificial production of monozygotic twins via embryo splitting is shown to increase embryo productivity, while embryo sexing capability provides added value without compromising offspring productivity, with both techniques being adequate for practical field applications. It is also shown that: (1) the development of nuclear transfer utilizing oocytes collected from slaughtered ovaries and matured in vitro enables producing a large number of cloned embryos, (2) the intracytoplasmic injection of somatic cell improves the productivity of nuclear transplantation, and (3) the injection of sperm increases the rate of normal oocytes with male and female pronuclei allowing further preimplantation development. Finally, the removal of cytoplasmic lipid droplets from embryos following centrifugation alters an embryo's intrinsic sensitivity to low temperature allowing long-term preservation. Collectively, these techniques have clearly provided improvements in developmental engineering for livestock production.     

家畜性别控制技术的研究进展

在畜牧生产中,人为控制出生家畜的性别可以降低生产成本,提高经济效益。随着科技的进步和研究的不断深入,家畜性别控制技术也在不断的完善。作者综述了X、Y精子的分离和胚胎性别鉴定这两项家畜性控技术的发展历程和研究现状,并对其今后的研究方向及应用前景进行了展望。     

Pregnancies from bovine oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro

Production of transgenic animals and embryo cloning are only a few examples of new biotechnological methods applied to animal embryos. All these techniques require large amounts of oocytes and early embryos. In many laboratory animals, embryos matured and fertilized in vivo are easily obtained, but with larger domestic species it requires laborious surgical procedures and the number of embryos obtained remains relatively small (Bracken et al. 1982). The in vitro maturation of follicular oocytes derived from slaughterhouse ovaries and their in vitro fertilization provides large numbers of oocytes and embryos with considerably less effort. The final proof of the success in the in vitro maturation and fertilization procedure is the birth of healthy progeny. Also the normal preimplantation development of the embryos gives useful information about the efficiency of the method employed.     

Sexing of pre-implantation ovine embryos through polymerase chain reaction-based amplification of GAPDH,SRY and AMEL genes

The ability to identify the sex of embryo and control of sex ratio has a great commercial importance to livestock industry. Prediction of embryonic sex could be useful in the management decisions of sex selection in breeding programs. Several methods have been attempted to determine the sex but the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based sexing method is generally favoured, as it is cost effective, simple and reliable. The aim of the present study was to identify sex of sheep embryos produced in vitro through amplification of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), sex-determining region Y (SRY) and amelogenin genes present in genomic DNA (gDNA) of embryos through PCR. To avoid false interpretation of the result by no amplification of SRY in female embryos, a duplex PCR was approached to amplify combinedly SRY and GAPDH genes. Sex-specific blood was used in PCR as positive control. In vitro sheep embryos were produced as per standardized protocol of laboratory. Sexing of sex-specific blood and in vitro produced embryos were approached though PCR to amplify the respective genes using gDNA present in the sample without its traditional isolation. The accuracy of sex prediction for embryos was 100% by this procedure.