应用胶体金免疫层析法测定牛奶中的磺胺类药物残留

应用胶体金免疫层析法对牛奶中的磺胺类药物残留进行检测,研究该方法的灵敏度、假阳性率、假阴性率及特异性。结果表明,用胶体金免疫层析法测定牛奶中的磺胺类药物,检测限分别为磺胺嘧啶60μg/L、磺胺二甲基嘧啶20μg/L、磺胺喹噁啉80μg/L、磺胺氯哒嗪30μg/L、磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶50μg/L、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶50μg/L、磺胺甲噁唑80μg/L、磺胺苯酰50μg/L、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶30μg/L、磺胺异噁唑10μg/L、磺胺甲氧哒嗪70μg/L、磺胺多辛70μg/L,假阳性率为2%,假阴性率为0;方法的特异性较好,对其他抗生素无交叉反应;检测实际样本的结果与液相色谱-质谱/质谱法基本一致。可见,该方法简便、快速、准确、稳定,适用于牛奶中磺胺类药物残留的现场快速检测。     

本地屠宰场猪肉磺胺类抗生素的测定及分析

为了解本地屠宰场猪肉中磺胺类抗生素药物残留情况,采用高效液相色谱法,对65头生猪里脊肉中磺胺类抗生素含量进行了定量检测,结果显示,磺胺类抗生素的检出率和超标率分别为2.5%和0。在检测的8种磺胺类药物中检出率最高的是磺胺间甲氧嘧啶,为7.7%,其次是磺胺甲基嘧啶,为3%,其他磺胺喹口恶啉、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲口恶唑、磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶均为1.5%,检出最高值为磺胺间甲氧嘧啶19.16μg/kg。结果表明,本次测定的猪里脊肉磺胺类抗生素含量检出率较低,超标率为零,全部在限量范围内。针对检出的残留,潜在的威胁仍不能忽视,监管部门应继续加强管理,科学指导养殖业抗生素的合理使用。     

高效液相色谱—紫外法对13种磺胺类药物的同步检测

本研究旨在建立同步测定多种磺胺类药物残留的高效液相色谱—紫外法。通过对磺胺嘧啶(SD)、磺胺醋酰(SA)、磺胺喹噁啉(SQ)、磺胺氯丙嗪(SUL)、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(SMM)、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶(SMD)、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶(SDM')、磺胺异噁唑(SIZ)、磺胺噻唑(ST)、磺胺噻唑钠(ST-Na)、酞磺胺噻唑(PST)、磺胺甲噁唑(SMZ)、琥珀酰磺胺噻唑(SST)等13种磺胺类药物进行紫外波长扫描分析,选择色谱检测的波长为270 nm。由于磺胺类药物的酸碱度不同及结构差异,在经过多种组合比较后,选择乙腈和乙酸水溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,建立的条件可将这些药物分开,13种药物可以分离得到10个色谱峰,ST-Na、PST和ST 3种成分重叠,SDM'和SMZ重叠。用乙腈—氯仿作样品提取并抽提,杂质干扰较少,回收率80%以上,分析用时相对较短。     

高效液相色谱法测定鸡肉中的磺胺类药物残留

采用高效液相色谱法分离鸡肉中的磺胺嘧啶(SD)、磺胺二甲嘧啶(SM2)。磺胺甲氧嗪(SMP)、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(SMM),磺胺甲恶唑(SMZ)、磺胺地索锌(SDM)和磺胺喹恶啉(SQ)等七种磺胺类药物残留。所用分离柱为Kromasil C18、流动相为乙腈和0．017mol／L磷酸溶液。七种磺胺类药物残留在30min内得到有效分离,峰形对称且尖锐。     

牛肉中磺胺类药物残留的检测分析

为建立用高效液相色谱法同时测定牛肉中6种磺胺类药物(磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲噁唑、磺胺异噁唑、苯酰磺胺、磺胺二甲氧哒嗪)残留的方法。牛肉样品经均质匀浆、乙酸乙酯提取后,用MCX柱净化,洗脱液洗脱,6种磺胺类药物以0.1%甲酸-乙腈为流动相,在C18色谱柱上(100 mm×4.6 mm)分离。结果表明:6种磺胺药物浓度在0.01~5.00μg/m L范围内,其标准曲线的相关系数(R~2)在0.999 1~0.999 8范围内,加标回收率为67.6%~73.8%,相对标准偏差RSD为2.56%~7.12%(n=3),检出限为0.004~0.017μg/m L。所检测的样品中无磺胺类药残检出。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测鸡蛋中5种磺胺类药物和甲氧苄啶残留量

建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定鸡蛋中5种磺胺类药物(磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺二甲嘧啶、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺喹噁啉、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶)和甲氧苄啶的残留量的方法。样品经乙腈提取2次, 95%乙腈溶液进行溶解后,过Alumina B Cartridges柱,30%乙腈洗脱,滤膜过滤后滤液用于超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪测定,外标基质标准曲线法定量。在0.5～100μg/kg的浓度范围内5种磺胺类药物和甲氧苄啶色谱峰面积与浓度呈良好线性相关,相关系数均大于0.99;方法检测限0.5μg/kg、定量限为1.0μg/kg;鸡蛋样品中5种磺胺类药物和甲氧苄啶在1.0～100.0μg/kg添加水平内的平均回收率在66.3%～97.5%之间,批内、批间相对标准偏差在1.4%～11.4%之间。该方法回收率满足残留检测要求,且方法的重现性良好,满足国内外兽药残留相关法规规定。     

猪肉中磺胺类药物残留检测操作要点

目前我国磺胺类药物残留检测对象主要是猪肉,使用的检测方法是(以下简称方法).该检测方法用于测定动物可食性组织中磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(SMM)、磺胺二甲基嘧啶(SM2)、磺胺甲恶唑(SMZ)、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶(SDM)、磺胺喹恶啉(SQ)单个或混合物的残留量.     

鸡蛋中磺胺类药物残留检测方法研究

试验建立了高效液相色谱法(HPLC)同时测定鸡蛋中磺胺二甲嘧啶(SM_2)、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(SMM)、磺胺甲噁唑(SMZ)、磺胺间二甲氧嘧啶(SDM)、磺胺喹噁啉(SQ)5种常用磺胺类药物的新方法。该方法以固相萃取与高效液相色谱联用,XBridge-C_(18)柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),柱温为30℃,流动相为乙腈-甲醇-水-乙酸(2∶2∶9∶0.2,v/v),流速1.0 m L/min,紫外检测器,检测波长为270 nm。在最优试验条件下,该方法测定5种磺胺类药物残留的线性范围宽,线性相关系数良好(R0.999),检出限为7.5~20.0μg/kg,回收率达到75.9%~96.5%,相对标准偏差小于3.9%。该方法操作简单,准确度高,为监控鸡蛋品质和日常大批量快速分析提供了有效检测手段。     

高效液相色谱法检测饲料中磺胺类药物的方法研究

磺胺类药物具有抗菌谱较广、性质稳定、使用简便等特点,所以在畜牧养殖业被用作治疗动物的肠道感染等疾病;但是如果以预防为目的在饲料中长期添加使用,会使致病菌产生耐药性,长期使用会使磺胺类药物残留在动物的肌肉等组织中,人食用后会影响身体健康。建立对磺胺类药物的检测方法有利于对违禁药物使用进行有效的监控,本文以高效液相色谱法(HPLC)对饲料中6种磺胺类药物同时进行检测,经试验:磺胺嘧啶离散系数(CV值)≤1.04%,回收率≥90.32%,回收率标准偏差≤0.94%;磺胺二甲基嘧啶离散系数≤1.35%,回收率≥87.93%,回收率标准偏差≤0.49%;磺胺间甲氧嘧啶离散系数≤0.94%,回收率≥88.17%,回收率标准偏差≤0.78%;磺胺甲噁唑离散系数≤0.79%,回收率≥88.73%,回收率标准偏差≤0.72%;磺胺二甲氧嘧啶离散系数≤1.07%,回收率≥89.67%,回收率标准偏差≤0.48%;磺胺喹噁啉离散系数≤1.37%,回收率≥88.08%,回收率标准偏差≤0.59%。此方法具有操作简单,回收率较高,重复性好等特点;且6种药物可以同时检测,所用时间短,适合对饲料样品的大批量检测。     

HPLC法同时测定禽肉中氯羟吡啶和多种磺胺类药物残留

建立了用于禽肉中氯羟吡啶和磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲基嘧啶、磺胺二甲基嘧啶、磺胺甲氧嘧啶、磺胺-6-甲氧嘧啶、磺胺甲基异噁唑、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺喹噁啉等残留测定的高效液相色谱法。样品以乙腈-氯仿提取,正己烷脱脂净化,以Symmetry C18 5μm(4.6 mm×150 mm)色谱柱进行分离,二极管阵列检测器检测,梯度洗脱测定氯羟吡啶和8种磺胺。回收率在71.7%~99.7%,相对标准偏差为1.5%~3.8%,最低检测限除磺胺二甲氧嘧啶、磺胺喹噁啉为0.02 mg/kg外,其余都可达到0.01 mg/kg。该方法已成功应用于禽类样品多兽药残留的检测。     

猪肝中β-受体激动剂残留检测能力验证研究

为了解我国食品检测实验室的β-受体激动剂检测能力,CNAS于2010年委托中国兽医药品监察所组织实施了猪肝中克仑特罗、沙丁胺醇和莱克多巴胺三种β-受体激动剂残留检测的能力验证工作。全国22个省、市、自治区的共68个实验室参加了本次能力验证,采用的测试方法主要是液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）和气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）。结果显示：克仑特罗、沙丁胺醇和莱克多巴胺的实验室满意结果率分别为77.8%、89.6%和92.2%,可疑结果率分别为11.1%、4.17%和0,不满意结果率分别为11.1%、6.25%和7.84%,说明参加能力验证的绝大多数实验室可以准确检测以上三种β-受体激动剂残留。     

猪肉中氯霉素残留量测定能力验证分析

为了解我国食品检测实验室的氯霉素残留检测能力,CNAS于2012年委托中国兽医药品监察所组织实施了猪肉中氯霉素残留量测定的能力验证工作.全国21个省、市、自治区的66家实验室参加了本次能力验证,采用的测试方法主要是液相色谱-串联质谱法和气相色谱-质谱法.结果显示:参加实验室满意结果率为80.3％,可疑结果率为9.09％,不满意结果率为10.6％,说明参加能力验证的绝大多数实验室可以准确检测猪肉中氯霉素残留情况.     

In vitro antimicrobial activity of sulfonamides against some porcine pathogens

The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of sulfonamides were determined against Bordetella bronchiseptica (n = 10), Pasteurella multocida (n = 10), Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae (n = 20), and Streptococcus suis (n = 10) strains isolated from pigs with atrophic rhinitis, pneumonia, or meningitis. Sulfonamides tested in an agar dilution method were sulfachloropyridazine, sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethazine, sulfadoxine, sulfisoxazole, sulfamerazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfanilamide, sulfatroxazole, and sulfisomidine. Results indicated that monotherapy of S suis infections with sulfonamides should not be encouraged because the MIC50 of all sulfonamides investigated was greater than 32 micrograms/ml. The MIC50 of the sulfonamides against B bronchiseptica ranged from 0.5 to 8 micrograms/ml, against P multocida from 2 to 32 micrograms/ml, and against H pleuropneumoniae from 8 to 64 micrograms/ml. The MIC50 of sulfachloropyridazine, sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamerazine, and sulfamethoxazole for the gram-negative bacteria did not exceed 16 micrograms/ml. Among these compounds, sulfamethoxazole had the highest activity. The frequently prescribed sulfamethazine had an overall low antimicrobial activity.     

猪肉和牛奶中10种磺胺类药物残留检测超高效液相色谱法研究

建立了猪肉和牛奶中磺胺嘧啶（SD）、磺胺噻唑（ST）、磺胺二甲嘧啶（SM2）、磺胺甲氧嗪（SMP）、磺胺氯哒嗪（SPD）、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶（SMM）、磺胺甲基异嗯唑（SM2）、磺胺氯吡嗪（Esb3）、磺胺地索辛（SDM）和磺胺喹嗯啉（SQ）共10种磺胺类药物残留检测的超高效液相色谱（UPLC）法。色谱条件：色谱柱为Acquity UPLC BEH C18柱（2．1mm×50mm,1．7μm）;流动相为50％甲醇乙腈溶液-2％乙酸水溶液,梯度洗脱;紫外检测波长270nm;柱温30℃;进样量4μL;外标法定量。结果表明：10种组分在20～1000ng／mL浓度范围内,呈良好线性关系,相关系数R^2均大于0．998;方法检出限为20ng／g,定量限为50ng／g;在猪肉和牛奶中添加浓度分别为50、100、200ng／g时,平均回收率为75．1％～99．8％,批内、批间平均RSD均小于13．2％。     

Determination of the activity of pyrimethamine, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, and combinations of pyrimethamine and sulfonamides against Sarcocystis neurona in cell cultures.

Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is a neurologic syndrome in horses from the Americas and is usually caused by infection with the apicomplexan parasite, Sarcocystis neurona. The activities of pyrimethamine, trimethoprim, sulfachloropyridazine, sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethazine, and sulfathiazole were examined against developing S. neurona merozoites in bovine turbinate cell cultures. A microtiter plate host cell lesion based assay was used to determine the effects of agents on developing merozoites. A cell culture flask assay was used to determine if selective concentrations of the agents killed or only inhibited development of S. neurona. Pyrimethamine was coccidiocidal at 1.0 microg/ml and trimethoprim was coccidiocidal at 5.0 microg/ml. None of the sulfonamides had activity when used alone at 50.0 or 100.0 microg/ml. Combinations of sulfonamides (5.0 or 10.0 microg/ml) with 0.1 microg/ml pyrimethamine demonstrated improved activity.     

北美水貂源沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及耐药性检测

为调查秦皇岛地区北美水貂沙门氏菌的检出率及耐药情况,对65份水貂样品中的细菌进行分离纯化,采用细菌的鉴定培养、革兰氏染色、生化鉴定和16S rDNA鉴定分离菌,采用小鼠致病性试验研究分离菌株的致病性,采用KB纸片法检测分离菌的耐药性。结果显示,经鉴定共计分离出9株沙门氏菌,分离率13.85%(9/65);9株沙门氏菌均可致小鼠发病死亡,死亡率20%—100%;9株沙门氏菌分别对5—11种抗生素药物耐药,氟苯尼考、替米考星、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、磺胺二甲氧嘧啶和复方新诺明的耐药率高达100%,土霉素敏感率最高,为88.89%(8/9)。上述研究结果表明,秦皇岛地区从水貂分离到的沙门氏菌均具有一定的致病力和多重耐药性,为该地区水貂沙门氏菌病的防治提供参考。     

甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸检测能力验证样品制备及其应用效果评价

为考核实验室检测甲型H1N1流感病毒的能力,设计和实施了“CNAS T0459甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸检测能力验证计划”.利用甲型H1N1流感病毒(2009)和经典H1N1猪流感病毒核酸标准物质制备6组能力验证阳性样品,经实验室检测分析,所制备的样品均匀性和稳定性均达到中国合格评定国家认可委员会对能力验证样品的要求.将6组阳性样品和1组阴性样品编号后下发54家参试实验室,共有50家实验室报送了有效数据,其中完全达到能力验证要求的实验室共34家,满意率达68％,其余16家为不满意实验室,包括8家实验室检测经典H1N1猪流感病毒满意,但甲型H1N1流感病毒(2009)特异性检测不满意.本次能力验证为整体提升我国甲型H1N1流感病毒的检测水平和评估各级实验室检测能力具有重要意义.     

HPLC测定复方磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠可溶性粉含量

建立复方磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠可溶性粉中磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠（以磺胺间甲氧嘧啶计）和甲氧苄啶含量的HPLC检测方法,采用Inertsil C18色谱柱（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）,以乙腈：0.017mol/L磷酸液（20：80）（按1‰的比例加入三乙胺）为流动相,流速为1mL/min,检测波长为230nm。在该色谱条件下,两种药物分离很好,磺胺间甲氧嘧啶在24.89～248.9μg/mL之间,甲氧苄啶在5～50μg/mL之间,线性良好（r〉0.99999）,添加回收率在97.46%～100.45%之间。该方法快速简便,准确可靠,能够满足实际样品的检测要求。     

Transference of Dietary Veterinary Drugs into Eggs

Twelve veterinary drugs, bacitracin (BC), chloramphenicol (CAP),chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC), tylosin (TS), amprolium (APL), furazolidone (FZD), nicarbazine (NCZ), ormetoprium (OMP), sulfadimidine (SDD), sulfadimethoxine (SDM) and sulfamonomethoxine (SMM) were fed to laying hens for 14 days, each at a dietary concentration of 500 mg/kg. The concentrations of the drugs in the eggs from these birds were determined at 2-day intervals for 14 days after the start of feeding. The relationship between the concentrations of the drugs (mg/kg) in the eggs and the number of days after the start of feeding was analysed by regression and covariance analyses. The concentrations of the drugs in the eggs became constant after 4 days for OTC, TS, FZD and all the sulfonamides, and after 6 days for CAP, APL, NCZ and OMP. No BC or CTC was detected in the eggs. The transfer rates of the 10 drugs (excluding BC and CTC) from the feed to eggs varied from 0.005% for TS up to 1.540% for SDD.     

Tissue sulfonamide concentration and correlation in turkeys

Nineteen hen turkeys (10 to 12 kg each) were used in a feeding study to determine sulfadimethoxine and sulfaquinoxaline concentrations in blood serum, liver, and skeletal muscle, as well as the respective ratios at selected withdrawal intervals. Two feeds were prepared by use of premixes to achieve 60 mg of sulfadimethoxine/kg and 100 mg of sulfaquinoxaline/kg, respectively. Each of the medicated feeds was given to 9 turkeys for 7 days. The turkeys were then fed nonmedicated feed at intervals from 24 to 56 hours and were slaughtered. One turkey was used as control. The serum/liver and serum/muscle ratios for sulfaquinoxaline were 60 to 70% higher than for sulfadimethoxine. However, the liver/muscle ratio for both sulfonamides was equivalent, approximately 3. Disposition of both sulfonamides approximated first-order pharmacokinetics. The calculated half-life of sulfadimethoxine was half that of sulfaquinoxaline, approximately 16 vs 30 hours. The coefficients of variation in the serum/tissue ratios for both sulfonamides were between 13% and 25% for serum/liver and less than 15% for serum/muscle, indicating excellent potential for using serum as a predictor of actionable concentrations of sulfonamide residues.