酮病奶牛血清中NO含量及NOS活性变化的研究

为了深入研究酮病的发生机理，选择荷斯坦奶牛作实验动物，应用酮粉法和改良式水杨醛比色法随机检测分组，Ⅰ组为10头阳性牛、Ⅱ组为10头对照牛。应用硝酸还原酶法测定血清中一氧化氮(NO)含量和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性。实验结果表明对照组奶牛血清中的NO含量及NOS活性均显著大于阳性组。由此可知，酮病可导致奶牛血清中NO含量降低、NOS活性下降。     

酮病奶牛血清中钙、磷含量变化的研究

为深入研究酮病的发生机理,选择荷斯坦奶牛作试验动物,应用酮粉法和改良水杨醛比色法随机检测分组,Ⅰ组为10头阳性牛,Ⅱ组为10头对照牛。分别应用甲基麝香草酚蓝比色法测定血清中钙和无机磷的含量。结果表明,对照组和阳性组钙、磷含量差异不显著。由此可知酮病对奶牛血清中钙、磷含量影响不明显。     

奶牛酮病红细胞膜上ATP酶活性变化的研究

为了深入研究酮病的发生机理,选择荷斯坦奶牛作为实验动物,应用酮粉法和改良式水杨醛比色法随机检测分组,Ⅰ组为10头对照牛、Ⅱ组为10 头阳性牛。应用试剂盒比色法测定红细胞膜上ATPase 的活性变化。结果表明,阳性组和对照组相比,红细胞膜上ATPase的活性显著下降(P <0.05)。说明奶牛酮病影响红细胞膜上ATPase的活性变化。     

自由基氧化损伤与奶牛乳房炎关系的研究

研究乳房炎奶牛血清中自由基含量的变化,探讨奶牛乳房炎与氧化损伤的关系.将14头奶牛分为健康对照组和乳房炎组,分别在泌乳的不同时期静脉采血,分离血清,测定血清中活性氧(ROS)、丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)含量和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性.结果表明,患病奶牛血清中ROS、MDA、NO含量极显著高于对照组(P＜0.0...     

荷斯坦奶牛酮病对抗氧化系统影响的研究

为了探讨酮病对抗氧化系统的影响 ,以荷斯坦奶牛为实验动物 ,应用酮粉法和改良式水杨醛比色法随机检测结果 ,一组为 1 0头阳性牛 ,另一组为 1 0头对照牛。应用DTNB显色法测定血清中GSH Px活力 ,应用黄嘌呤氧化法测定血清中T SOD活力 ,应用硫代巴比妥酸法测定血清中MDA含量。结果表明 ,酮病奶牛血清中GSH Px活力极显著降低 (P <0 .0 1 )、T SOD活力显著降低 (P<0 .0 5) ,血清中MDA含量显著增高 (P <0 .0 5)。因此酮病影响奶牛抗氧化系统 ,这一结论对揭示奶牛酮病的发生机理具有重要的意义     

一氧化氮在硒缺乏致鸡脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡中的作用

本文旨在研究一氧化氮(NO)在硒缺乏致鸡脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡中的作用.选择1日龄健康海蓝褐雏鸡80只,随机分为对照组和缺硒组2个组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只鸡,对照组鸡饲料中硒含量为0.282 mg/kg,缺硒组鸡饲料中硒含量为0.032 mg/kg.分别于30、45、60和75日龄每组随机抽取10只鸡采样,测定脾脏和血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性、NO含量、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性以及脾脏和全血中硒含量的变化;检测脾脏中诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)mRNA表达量变化和淋巴细胞的凋亡情况.结果表明,与对照组比较,缺硒组鸡脾脏和全血中硒含量降低;脾脏和血清中GSH-Px活性降低;NO含量、NOS活性及iNOS mRNA表达量升高;脾脏淋巴细胞DNA出现降解,呈现梯形条带,电镜下细胞核皱缩,核染色质边聚、固缩,线粒体肿胀,嵴溶解甚至消失,内质网排列紊乱、肿胀等呈现典型的细胞凋亡现象.本试验结果提示硒缺乏可引起鸡脾脏及血清NO代谢发生改变,导致脾脏淋巴细胞发生凋亡,表明NO在硒缺乏致鸡脾脏淋巴细胞凋亡中具有重要作用.     

荷斯坦奶牛蹄病与血清自由基代谢的关系

选择患蹄病的荷斯坦奶牛12头为试验组,并根据产奶量、胎次和泌乳期均相近的原则选择健康奶牛12头为对照组,检测了血清中一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量和超氧歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活力和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)等。结果表明:患蹄病奶牛血清中的MDA、NO显著高于健康牛(P<0.05),SOD、CAT显著低于健康牛(P<0.05),T-AOC也低于健康牛,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05),说明患蹄病的奶牛体内自由基代谢紊乱,其抗氧化能力已经不能有效地清除代谢产生的过量的自由基。     

亚临床酮病奶牛血清中微量元素代谢水平的研究

本试验旨在研究荷斯坦奶牛亚临床酮病对血清中微量元素的影响,选择40头产后1～15 d的荷斯坦亚临床酮病奶牛,通过应用原子吸收光谱法测定血清中Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn、Se、Co含量,应用分光光度计和比色法测定血清中GSH-Px、T-AOC、T-SOD活力及MDA含量。结果显示,阳性组血清中Cu、Zn、Se、Co的含量在整个检测过程中均极显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);阳性组血清中Mn的含量在第1、5天的检测中显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),第10、15天极显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);阳性组血清中Fe的含量与对照组相比差异不显著（P＞0.05）;阳性组血清中GSH-Px、T-SOD、T-AOC的活性均极显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);阳性组血清中MDA的含量极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01)。结果表明,亚临床酮病直接影响奶牛抗氧化系统GSH-Px、T-AOC、T-SOD的活性,间接地影响血清中微量元素Cu、Mn、Se、Zn的含量。Co是维生素B₁₂的重要组成部分,维生素B₁₂在肝脏内的浓度下降,从而导致亚临床酮病血清中Co的含量降低。亚临床酮病奶牛肝脏和氧化酶受损,破坏Fe的结合,机体内贮存的Fe则可以释放出来,维持机体的需要,血清中Fe的含量没有显著的变化。     

高铜对雏鸡脑组织一氧化氦含量和一氧化氮合酶活性的影响

1日龄艾维菌肉鸡健雏360羽,随机分为6组,分别喂以对照组日粮(10.89 mg/kg Cu)和高铜日粮(100 mg/kg Cu,高铜Ⅰ组;200 mg/kg Cu,高铜Ⅱ组;400 mg/kg Cu,高铜Ⅲ组;600 mg/kg Cu,高铜Ⅳ组;800 mg/kg Cu,高铜Ⅴ组)6周,观察高铜对雏鸡脑组织和血清一氧化氮(N0)含量及一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性变化的影响,探讨高铜对雏鸡脑组织的损伤机理.高铜Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组脑组织和血清NO的含量较对照组显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01).NOS的活性随日粮铜含量的升高而升高,各高铜组脑组织NOS的活性较对照组极显著升高(P<0.01);高铜Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ组血清NOS的活性较对照组显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01).日粮铜水平在200 mg/kg及以上时,脑组织和血清NO的含量和NOS的活性随日粮铜的含量升高而升高,脑组织因氧化而受损.     

青蒿素与青蒿水提液对感染柔嫩艾美耳球虫肉鸡的疗效评价

为评价青蒿素和青蒿水提液抗球虫的效果,选择体重相近20日龄黄羽肉鸡120只,随机分为健康组,病理组,青蒿组和青蒿素组4组.测定血清中一氧化氮(NO)和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)含量.结果表明,病理组抗球虫指数为52.7,青蒿组为172.6,青蒿素组为145.4;青蒿和青蒿素能够降低血清中NO和NOS含量.说明青蒿水提液和青...     

雏鸭感染鸭肝炎病毒后血液中一氧化氮和一氧化氮合酶的变化

用不同毒力株鸭肝炎病毒人工感染雏鸭，测定雏鸭血浆一氧化氮（NO）和一氧化氮合酶（NOS）的含量，研究NO在鸭病毒性肝炎发病过程中的作用。结果表明：雏鸭感染不同毒力株鸭肝炎病毒后第1天血浆一氧化氮和一氧化氮合酶含量就开始上升，第3天显著或极显著高于对照组，并持续至实验结束。揭示一氧化氮同雏鸭病毒性肝炎的发生发展过程有关。     

感染传染性支气管炎病毒后雏鸡血液中一氧化氮合酶和一氧化氮的动态观察

80只14日龄SPF鸡随机均分为实验组和对照组，实验组用鸡传染性支气管炎病毒M41株人工感染，感染后1、3、5、7、11、15天分别测定感染组及对照组血清中一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和一氧化氮(NO)的含量，研究NO在鸡传染性支气管炎发病过程中的作用。结果表明：实验组血清NOS含量自攻毒后第3天上升，一直持续至鸡群恢复期，但与对照组无显著差异。实验组血清NO含量在攻毒后第3天也开始上升，攻毒后第5、7、11天血清NO含量显著高于对照组，此后血清中NO含量上升趋势有所减缓。提示NO可能参与调节了传染性支气管炎的发生发展过程。     

Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine, symmetric dimethylarginine, l-arginine, and nitrite/nitrate concentrations in cats with chronic kidney disease and hypertension

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension have been associated with decreased bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial dysfunction. Increased concentrations of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) are implicated. HYPOTHESIS: Plasma ADMA concentration is increased in cats with CKD and systemic hypertension corresponding to a decrease in total plasma nitrate/nitrite (NOx) availability. Decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and proteinuria during treatment of hypertension with amlodipine besylate may be associated with increased NOx availability. ANIMALS: Sixty-nine client-owned normotensive and hypertensive cats with variable azotemia. METHODS: Plasma ADMA, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), and l-arginine were measured simultaneously by hydrophilic-interaction liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry in cats from 6 groups: normotensive nonazotemic (n = 10), normotensive mildly azotemic (n = 10), hypertensive mildly azotemic with hypertensive retinopathy (n = 20), hypertensive mildly azotemic without hypertensive retinopathy (n = 10), normotensive moderately azotemic cats (n = 10), and hypertensive nonazotemic cats (n = 9). Plasma NOx concentrations were measured. RESULTS: A moderate correlation between plasma creatinine and ADMA (n = 69, r= .608, P < .001), SDMA (n = 69, r= .741, P < .001), and NOx concentrations (n = 69, r= .589, P < .001) was observed. There was no association among plasma ADMA, SDMA, and NOx concentrations and SBP. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Plasma ADMA and SDMA concentrations are increased in cats with CKD and correlate with plasma creatinine concentration. This may imply the presence of endothelial dysfunction in cats with CKD. Plasma ADMA concentrations were not associated with systemic hypertension. Treatment of systemic hypertension with amlodipine besylate did not affect plasma ADMA or NOx concentrations.     

一氧化氮／一氧化氮合酶与血吸虫感染

一氧化氮合酶（NOS）家族中诱生型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）在细胞因子或脂多糖刺激下,催化合成的一氧化氮（N0）对多种寄生虫具有杀伤作用。因此,认识一氧化氮在抗血吸虫感染中的作用,有着重要的理论意义和潜在的临床应用价值。本文就一氧化氮的生物学特性、生物合成、作用机制以及近年来一氧化氮／一氧化氮合酶在血吸虫学研究中的应用作一综述。     

Subclinical mastitis causes alterations in nitric oxide, total oxidant and antioxidant capacity in cow milk

The aim of this study was to investigate total antioxidant (TAC), and oxidant capacity (TOC) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in milk of cows with subclinical mastitis. Brown Swiss and Holstein breed cows were screened with California Mastitis Test (CMT) to determine mammary glands with subclinical mastitis. Moreover, somatic cell counts (SCC) were determined electronically in all milk samples. Mammary quarters were classified as healthy (n = 25) or subclinical mastitis (n = 35) based on CMT scores and somatic cell count (SCC: ?200,000/ml or >200,000/ml) in milk. Nitric oxide, TOC and SCC levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001, p < 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively) in milk from mammary quarters with subclinical mastitis compared to those from healthy mammary quarters. In conclusion, subclinical mastitis results in higher NO concentrations, TOC and SCC, and NO and TOC were positively correlated with SCC. Moreover, alterations in NO levels and TOC in milk could be used as an alternative diagnostic tool to screen for subclinical mastitis.     

NO对胎盘功能和胎儿生长发育的影响

一氧化氮(NO)化学结构简单,性质活跃,广泛参与机体的生理、病理调节。在妊娠期,NO可降低血管对加压物质的反应性,降低外周阻力及血压。目前认为,NO产生减少是妊娠高血压征合征发病的重要原因,是导致母体妊娠期心血管系统发生血容量增加、血压下降、血液重新分布等生理性改变的重要因素,胎盘局部NO及其相关因子对胎盘功能和胎儿的生长发育有直接的影响作用。     

Lung toxicity of nitrogen mustard may be mediated by nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in rats

Nitric oxide (NO) has previously been shown to be responsible for nitrogen mustard (NM)-induced tissue toxicity. Excessive amounts of NO are known to be able to produce peroxynitrite, an important reactive nitrogen compound, by reacting with superoxide. Previous studies reported that NO synthase inhibitors are able to prevent NM toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether peroxynitrite is also responsible for NM-induced lung tissue damage in rats. Wistar rats were divided into four groups. NM was injected intratracheally and was treated with the selective inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor aminoguanidine (AG) (intraperitoneal) or the peroxynitrite scavenger ebselen (intragastric). Control animals were exposed to saline only. NM injection caused both oxidative and nitrosative stress, reflected by dramatically increased levels of the lipid peroxidation end product malondialdehyde (MDA), iNOS activation and urine nitrite-nitrate (NOx) values. Histopathological evaluation demonstrated lung damage with NM exposure. AG blocked iNOS activation and decreased urine NOx levels, and resulted in less histopathological changes in the lung. Although the histopathological outcome was found to be similar to AG, ebselen did not change urinary NOx or lung iNOS levels. Furthermore, ebselen was more able than AG to protect against MDA accumulation. In conclusion, the ability of ebselen to prevent against lung damage without blocking NO synthesis suggests that peroxynitrites may have an important role in the pathogenesis of NM toxicity in addition to NO.     

Endometrial nitric oxide production and nitric oxide synthases in the equine endometrium: Relationship with microvascular density during the estrous cycle

Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in angiogenesis and in the regulation of the blood flow. This study was carried out to investigate (i) the effects of endogenous estrogens and progestins and exogenous progesterone (P₄) (5 ng/ml or 1 μg/ml) or estradiol 17β (E₂β) (50 pg/ml or 1 μg/ml) on in vitro endometrial NO synthesis; (ii) the presence of different isoforms of NO synthase; (iii) and their relationship to microvascular density in the equine endometrium during the estrous cycle. NOS expression was also evaluated in the myometrium. Expression of endothelial and inducible forms of NOS in the uterus was assessed by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Vascular density in endometrial tissue was determined on histologic sections. In the luteal phase, compared to the follicular phase, endometrial NO production increased without exogenous hormones and with exogenous E₂β (1 μg/ml). Although immunocytochemistry revealed iNOS and eNOS expression in the endometrium, no positive signal for iNOS was detected by Western blot. Endothelial NOS was observed in endometrial glands, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, blood and lymphatic vessels. Endometrial eNOS expression was the highest in the follicular and mid-luteal phases while it was found to be the lowest in the early luteal phase. In the follicular phase, hyperplasia of endometrial tissue with respect to myometrium was detected. No difference in vascular density was present between phases. All together, NO may play some roles in both proliferative and secretory phases of endometrial development in the mare.     

一氧化氮供体硝普钠降低肉鸡肺动脉压试验研究

AA肉鸡100羽，随机等分为对照组、试验组、试验组肉鸡自8日龄起给予含0．2％的钠离子的饮水以诱发肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征，按常规方法饲养。并通过右心导管法观察血管内注入硝普纳（Sodium Nitroprusside,SNP)前后两组肉鸡肺动脉平均压（Mean pulmonary arterial pressure,mPAP)变化，与此同时，还观察一氧化氮（Nitric Oxide,NO)与肉鸡肺动脉压间的关系。结果发现试验组肉鸡mPAP高于对照组（P＜0．01），注入SNP后试验组和对照组肉鸡血浆NO水平都显著升高（P＜0．01），而mPAP都显著降低（P＜0．01），试验组肉鸡mPAP降压幅度大于对照组（P＜0．05）。表明SNP可通过释放NO降低肉鸡mPAP。