天津部分地区副猪嗜血杆菌病血清学调查

为了解天津部分地区副猪嗜血杆菌病感染情况,采集天津宁河区、宝坻区、武清区、静海区规模化猪场及个体养殖户的母猪、保育猪、哺乳仔猪、生长育肥猪未做副猪嗜血杆菌菌苗的猪血清共420份进行调查。结果表明:天津部分地区均存在不同程度副猪嗜血杆菌病感染,统计结果为天津地区有效防治副猪嗜血杆菌病提供了参考依据。     

宁夏部分地区副猪嗜血杆菌病的血清学调查

<正>为了解宁夏地区副猪嗜血杆菌病感染情况,白刚(2010)等采用间接血凝法对银川市永宁县、石嘴山市平罗县、吴忠市盐池县及中卫市中宁县403份血清进行调查。结果表明,宁夏地区副猪嗜血杆菌阳性率25.31%(102/403),其中永宁县11.76%     

平顶山市中小规模养猪场户副猪嗜血杆菌病及其混合感染的血清学调查

为了解平顶山市养猪场户副猪嗜血杆菌病流行现状及其混合感染情况。采用ELISA方法首先对8个乡镇22个养殖场户562份血清进行副猪嗜血杆菌病检测,其中384份为副猪嗜血杆菌病阳性,然后对此384份副猪嗜血杆菌病阳性血清进行H1N1亚型猪流感病毒病、猪支原体肺炎、猪圆环病毒病2型、猪链球菌病2型、猪传染性胸膜肺炎抗体检测。结果表明,猪场副猪嗜血杆菌病群体流行率为72.73%(16/22),副猪嗜血杆菌病个体流行率为68.32%(384/562),384份副猪嗜血杆菌阳性血清中,H1N1亚型猪流感、猪支原体肺炎、猪圆环病毒病2型、猪链球菌病2型和猪传染性胸膜肺炎阳性率分别为35.42%(136/384)、47.39%(182/384)、54.17%(208/384)、38.54%(148/384)和48.96%(188/384)。平顶山市养猪场户副猪嗜血杆菌病及其混合感染情况比较严重,应引起当地兽医部门的高度重视。     

青海省副猪嗜血杆菌病的血清学调查

采用间接血凝(IHA)试验,对来自青海省3个规模化猪场的209份血清,进行了副猪嗜血杆菌病的血清抗体检查.结果表明,检出51份阳性血清,阳性率为24.40%,表明青海省部分猪场中存在副猪嗜血杆菌的感染.     

江西省部分地区副猪嗜血杆菌血清学调查

为了明确江西省部分地区猪场的副猪嗜血杆菌感染率,采用副猪嗜血杆菌间接血凝方法对江西不同区域(赣东、赣南、赣西、赣北、赣中)猪群进行血清学调查,共提取到278份猪血清样品,经过检测发现平均阳性率为33.1%,其范围从15.0%～45.0%,表明该地区猪场有副猪嗜血杆菌不同程度的感染。     

阿莫西林对猪副嗜血杆菌病的疗效观察

为了观察阿莫西林对猪副嗜血杆菌病的疗效,在同一地区选择四十头己感染副嗜血杆菌病的猪随机分成四组,每组十头,分别为阿莫西林肌注组、恩诺沙星肌注组、头孢拉定口服组、不治疗对照组,以及十头健康猪对照.感染猪疗程均为一周,实验结果表明,在该地区阿莫西林对猪副嗜血杆菌病治疗效果优于恩诺沙星和头孢拉定,治愈率在80％以上.所以在该地区治疗猪副嗜血杆菌病应优先选用阿莫西林进行治疗.     

广东部分猪场副猪嗜血杆菌病的流行病学调查

为了解副猪嗜血杆菌病(Haemophilus parasuis,HPS)在广东省部分地区的流行情况,通过针对副猪嗜血杆菌外膜蛋白P2(OMPP2)的间接ELISA法对广东省部分猪场的376份猪血清样本进行了抽样检测。结果显示,副猪嗜血杆菌的阳性率为23.8%,其中母猪阳性率高达31%;保育仔猪为29%,育肥猪为33.6%,育肥猪阳性率显著高于母猪和保育仔猪;冬季(11～1月)副猪嗜血杆菌抗体阳性检出率最高为31.4%、秋季(8～10月份)的阳性检出率最高为18.7%,冬季比秋季高出12.7%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。     

仔猪副猪嗜血杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性检测

为了了解海南藏族自治州共和县规模化猪场中仔猪副猪嗜血杆菌分离株的流行情况及对常用抗菌药的耐药情况。本试验于2022—2023年采集海南藏族自治州共和县规模化猪场中患疑似副猪嗜血杆菌病的仔猪鼻拭子、关节液、胸腔积液、肺脏等病料,共计283份。采用细菌分离鉴定、PCR方法对采集的病料进行副猪嗜血杆菌分离鉴定,采用人工感染小鼠试验验证分离株的致病性,采用纸片扩散法(Kirby-Bauer,简称K-B法)检测致病性副猪嗜血杆菌分离株对临床中常用抗菌药的耐药性。结果显示：从采集的283份病料中分离到128株副猪嗜血杆菌,通过致病试验显示,91株副猪嗜血杆菌能引起小鼠不同程度发病与死亡,为致病性菌株;分离的91株致病性副猪嗜血杆菌对磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、阿莫西林、氨苄西林等6种药物的耐药率为85.7%以上,对其他药物的耐药率为3.3%～25.3%,本研究为该地区仔猪副猪嗜血杆菌合理用药及防控提供参考。     

2020—2021年河北省部分地区副猪嗜血杆菌流行情况调查及耐药性分析

为调查河北省部分地区副猪嗜血杆菌（Hps）流行情况,研究于2020—2021年从河北邢台及周边地区采集疑似副猪嗜血杆菌病感染组织样品共2 844份,采用荧光定量PCR法检测样品Hps感染率;对部分阳性样品进行平板划线法,其后对分离菌株耐药性进行分析。结果表明,共887份样品检测为Hps核酸阳性,平均阳性率为31.19%(887/2 844);共分离获得34株Hps。药敏试验结果表明,大部分菌株对头孢曲松、氟苯尼考、米诺沙星和头孢噻肟等抗菌药敏感,但对卡那霉素和复方新诺明等存在较高的耐药性。以上研究结果提示：当前河北省猪场副猪嗜血杆菌流行情况较为严重,且血清型复杂,应引起足够重视。     

副猪嗜血杆菌病病原菌的分离鉴定

更有效地控制和防治副猪嗜血杆菌病,本试验从山西省晋中市疑似猪嗜血杆菌病感染的一个大型规模化猪场采集病料,选择改良巧克力琼脂培养基,从9头有关节炎、胸膜炎、腹膜炎等症状的疑似副猪嗜血杆菌病的临床病例中分离到5株疑似副猪嗜血杆菌菌株。生长特性观察发现分离株为多形性、革兰氏阴性小杆菌,生长缓慢(24～48h)。菌落呈光滑露珠样,不溶血。葡萄糖、树胶醛糖、乳糖、甘露醇、蜜三糖发酵和脲酶实验呈阴性,过氧化氢酶实验阳性,该结果符合副猪嗜血杆菌的生化特性,表明该分离菌株为副猪嗜血杆菌。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。