Sex pheromone traps for monitoring the honeydew moth,Cryptoblabes gnidiella: Effect of pheromone components,pheromone dose,field aging of dispenser,and type of trap on male captures

The effects of pheromone components, pheromone dose in the dispenser, aging of dispenser in the field, and trap type on trapping efficiency of males of the honeydew moth,Cryptoblabes gnidiella (Mill.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), were investigated. At dosages of 2 or 0.2 mg, a binary blend containing (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11–16: Aid) and (Z)-13-octadecenal (Z13–18:Ald) (1:1) was as effective in attracting males as a quaternary blend containing Zll-16:Ald, (E)-11-hexadecenal (Ell-16:Ald), Z13–18:Ald and (E)-13-octadecenal (E13–18:Ald), (10:1:10:1). Within the range of 20 to 2000 μg pheromone/dispenser, response of males increased positively with the pheromone dose; however, a load of 10 or 20 mg/dispenser was significantly less attractive to males than 2 mg/dispenser. The effect of aging of the dispenser in the field on trapping efficiency was significant. Captures in traps baited with 3- and 4-week-old septa were lower than those in traps baited with 1- or 2-week-old septa. The gradual loss of attractancy exhibited by rubber septa indicates that septa should be renewed within 2-3 weeks. The release rate of the pheromone was measured in a flow system and monitored with Zl1– 16:Ald only. The emission was almost constant for 18 days and then decreased gradually until the 34th day. The nonsticky IPS trap was as effective in capturing honeydew moth males as the sticky Pherocon 1C trap. The possibility of using the nonsticky, non-saturating and easy-to-handle IPS traps may lead to better and easier monitoring of honeydew moth populations.     

Sex pheromone traps as a potential means of improving control programs for the spiny bollworm,Earias insulana

Pheromone traps were reliable for detection and estimation ofEarias insulana (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) adult populations in cotton fields. Due to the aggregated distribution in traps, estimates of moth populations were more accurate at low than at high population levels. The relationship betweenE. insulana male catch and larval density could not be assessed because of the numerous chemical treatments applied to the cotton fields. However, when chemical applications were avoided, an increase in male catch was followed by an increase in larval density. SinceE. insulana eggs are difficult to detect and the larvae penetrate the cotton bolls soon after hatching and are therefore hard to control, pheromone traps are particularly useful as a warning device for potential larval infestation.

     

二化螟性诱剂和诱盆设置技术的研究

通过对二化螟性诱剂水盆诱捕器及其设置高度比较研究,结果表明：诱捕器的口径大小以２４ｃｍ为佳,绿色水盆的诱蛾量比其他颜色的要大;在越冬代诱捕中,诱盆的高度在２０ｃｍ左右效果较好;性诱剂离水面的高度对二化螟雄蛾的诱捕有一定影响,其高度在０.５～１.０ｃｍ的诱蛾量最高。     

Sex attractant for the honeydew moth,Cryptoblabes gnidiella

A mixture of (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11–16: Ald), (E)-11-hexadecenal (E11–16: Ald), (Z)-13-octadecenal (Z13–18: Ald), and (E)-13-octadecenal (E13–18: Ald) on rubber septa (100∶10∶100∶10 μg, respectively) was superior to virgin females in attracting maleCryptoblabes gnidiella Mill. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to traps. A dichloromethane extract of 200 female ovipositors was separated into fractions by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) on OV-101 and Hi-Eff 8BP. Two fractions had significant electroantennogram (EAG) activity, and had the retention times ofZ11–16∶Ald andZ13–18∶Ald on each GLC column. These fractions contained insufficient material for further chemical work. SyntheticZ11–16∶Ald andZ13–18∶Ald had the greatest EAG activity of a series of monounsaturated 12?, 14?, 16?, and 18-carbon alcohols, acetates, and aldehydes. Various ratios ofZ11–16∶Ald andZ13–18∶Ald were tested in traps, and a 1∶1 mixture was the most attractive. Addition of small amounts of the correspondingE isomers significantly increased trap catches.     

槐小卷蛾性信息素载体对诱蛾活性的影响

通过林间诱蛾试验 ,研究了性信息素载体的材料、颜色以及散发面积对槐小卷蛾雄蛾诱蛾活性的影响。结果表明 ,天然橡胶诱芯、乳胶管诱芯和硅橡胶诱芯的诱蛾活性有明显差异 ,越冬代和第一代成虫发生期 ,天然橡胶诱芯的诱蛾活性明显高于乳胶管诱芯的诱蛾活性。散发面积为 8.7cm²的天然橡胶诱芯的诱蛾活性明显高于6.9cm²和4.8cm²的诱蛾活性。相同散发面积下 ,蓝颜色的天然橡胶诱芯的诱蛾活性明显高于红颜色和绿颜色的诱蛾活性。因此 ,在槐小卷蛾性信息素监测与防治系统中 ,以蓝颜色的天然橡胶作为合成性信息素的载体最为适宜     

草地贪夜蛾性诱监测诱捕昆虫种类及雄蛾特征鉴别

草地贪夜蛾种群监测预报是指导防治的基础工作.在使用性信息素进行成虫种群监测过程中发现了劳氏黏虫、莴苣冬夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾3种非靶标鳞翅目昆虫.对诱捕到的3种非靶标鳞翅目昆虫的比例统计发现,劳氏黏虫最为常见,其次为莴苣冬夜蛾,二者占非靶标鳞翅目昆虫的98％以上,斜纹夜蛾数量较少.非靶标昆虫的比例与调查时期有关,5月至10月诱...     

Optimum timing of insecticide applications against diamondback moth Plutella xylostella in cole crops using threshold catches in sex pheromone traps

Field trials were conducted in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata), cauliflower (B oleracea var botrytis) and knol khol (B oleracea gongylodes) crops at two different locations in Karnataka State (India) to optimize the timing of insecticide applications to control the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, using sex pheromone traps. Our results indicate that applications of cartap hydrochloride as insecticide during a 12–24 h period after the pheromone traps had caught on average 8, 12 and 16 males per trap per night in cabbage, cauliflower and knol khol, respectively, were significantly more effective than regular insecticide sprays at 7, 9, 12 or 15 days after transplantation. This was demonstrated by estimation of the mean number of eggs and larvae per plant, the percentage of holes produced, as well as the marketable yield of the three crops at each location. A good correlation between the immature stages, infestation level, the estimated crop yield and the number of moths caught in pheromone traps was also found, indicating the usefulness of pheromone‐based monitoring traps to predict population densities of the pest. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

性诱盆与频振灯对甘蔗条螟监测效果的比较

2009年在大新县硕龙镇进行了性信息素水盆诱捕器(性诱盆)和频振式杀虫灯(频振灯)对甘蔗条螟成虫诱捕效果的对比试验。结果表明,在门村和岩应村2个监测点,每日每只性诱盆和频振灯的平均诱蛾量分别为12.54头和7.33头,性诱盆比频振灯多5.21头,差异极显著(P0.01),但两者诱到的成虫数量消长规律基本一致。综合考虑经济性、简便性和可靠性等因素,作者认为利用性诱盆对甘蔗条螟成虫的诱捕效果更好,监测灵敏度更高。     

性信息素诱捕器与频振杀虫灯对甜菜夜蛾发生监测作用的比较

通过甜菜夜蛾两种性信息素诱捕器与频振杀虫灯对甜菜夜蛾诱捕效果比较表明,两种性信息素诱捕器与频振式杀虫灯所诱到的成虫消长规律基本一致。通过SAS统计分析,干式性信息素诱捕器、水盆性信息素诱捕器和频振杀虫灯的平均诱虫量变化趋势紧密相关,相关系数分别为r₁=0.950 36,r₂=0.934 55,r₃=0.853 20。但两种性信息素诱捕器的诱蛾量高于频振杀虫灯,干式诱捕器与频振灯诱蛾量差异显著(p<0.05)。     

Effects of pheromone loading, dispenser age, and trap height on pheromone trap catches of the oriental fruit moth in apple orchards

The effects of field aging (0–28 days) and pheromone loading rate on the longevity of red rubber septa loaded with the sex pheromone blend of the oriental fruit mothGrapholita molesta (Busck), were evaluated in North Carolina apple orchards in 2002. Separate field tests examined the influence of trap height and pheromone loading rate of rubber septa on trap catches of adultG. molesta males in an abandoned orchard. The loss of the major pheromone component, (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate (Z8–12:OAc), from red rubber septa over a 4-week period exhibited a relatively constant release rate with 30, 100 and 300 μg pheromone. Trap catch was significantly higher in pheromone traps placed in the upper canopy than in those in the lower canopy. Pheromone traps baited with 100μg lures caught more moths compared with those loaded with 300 μg. There was no apparent relationship between pheromone trap catch and septa age, with trap catch appearing to be primarily a function ofG. molesta population density. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 14, 2006.     

利用性信息素诱捕器监测木槿曼粉虱

木槿曼粉蚧(Maconellicoccus hirsutus)是一种多食性刺吸害虫,其寄主范围很广,包括林木、果树、蔬菜及粮食等农作物;该虫现分布于亚洲热带地区、中东、非洲、澳大利亚中美州和美国南部.我们从美国农业部引进了木槿曼粉蚧性信息素及其诱捕器,对上海、广州、广西和海口的港区进行了诱捕试验,结果没有诱到木槿曼粉蚧.说明这些设置诱捕器的具体地点尚没有被入侵.根据资料,本文还介绍了该虫的生活史.     

应用性诱剂对福建甘薯蚁象的监测与防治研究

为了明确甘薯蚁象的发生情况,2009、2010年采用性诱剂诱集的方法对福建福州和莆田甘薯蚁象的发生情况进行了监测,2011年对性诱剂的诱捕器和放置密度进行了比较研究。结果表明,不同年份甘薯蚁象的发生高峰期不尽相同,总体上以7-10月为发生最严重的时期;在连年种植、管理粗放的甘薯田块蚁象发生严重。商品黄色塑料筒诱捕器的诱集效果优于自制漏斗型瓶装诱捕器;但是自制漏斗型瓶装诱捕器较为实用;不同厂家的诱芯田间诱虫效果差异不明显;每667 m 2放置3个诱芯可以有效地诱集蚁象。性诱剂诱捕区与非诱捕区相比,危害明显减轻,甘薯产量明显增加,因此,采用性诱剂诱捕的措施可以减轻甘薯蚁象的危害。     

Optimizing components of pheromone-baited trap for the management of red palm weevil,Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in date palm agro-ecosystem

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier), is managed in date palm groves, inter alia, with food-baited pheromone traps. Laboratory...     

Use of pheromone traps for the proper timing of fumigation in the storage environment1

We have broadly divided the methods of storage insect manipulation into curative and preventive measures. Sex and aggregation pheromoncs combined with additional sensory stimuli in adhesive bait traps can be utilized as a preventive measure which may lead to insectistasis (a state wherein the insect population density is diminished to the extent of allowing storage without significant impairment). Insectistasis can be readily achieved by continual supervision of store rooms, use of adhesive bait traps in combination with a limited number of curative measures (e.g. gaseous or contact insecticides) timed according to the extent of trap catches. The sensory stimuli causing male storage moths (Phycitinae) to fly towards these bait traps involve, in sequence, a circadian rhythm, increasing or decreasing light (intensity approximately 1–10 Lux), an air current, a vertical rectangular figure and the main pheromone component. The antennae of male Anagasta kuehniella, Ephestia elutella and Plodia interpunctella comprise two types of receptor cells, of which one is selectively responsive to (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (TDA) and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (TA), while the other responds to (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-l-ol (TDO).     

Night observations on the cotton leafworm,Spodoptera littoralis: Reliability of pheromone traps for population assessment and efficacy of widely separated pheromone dispensers for mating disruption

Night observations on the cotton leafworm,Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), were conducted in pheromone-treated and untreated plots in which males, females, mating pairs on plants, and males caught in traps were collected. Results indicated that emergence of a new population was rapid (8-9 days) and that the number of virgin females and of mating pairs on plants reached a peak 5–6 days prior to that of males captured in pheromone traps. Males responded to pheromone traps most actively when the actual virgin female popution had already declined considerably. Dispensers adsorbed with(Z,E)-9,11-tetradecadienyl acetate and located 25 m apart, effectively reduced male captures in traps. However, the number of native mating pairs observed in the treated field during the night was not reduced. Few releasers at wide spacing, even with high amounts of the major pheromonal component, were ineffective in causing mating disruption ofSpodoptera littoralis.     

二化螟诱捕器在有机稻生产上的应用效果

水稻二化螟是灌阳县水稻的主要害虫,一年发生4代,在水稻分蘖期为害,造成枯鞘、枯心,在大胎、破口抽穗期为害,造成"白穗"或"虫伤株".历年来都是采取化学防治方法,于二化螟孵化至低龄幼虫发生期施用农药进行防治.