Effects of spray-dried animal plasma and immunoglobulins on performance of early weaned pigs

Five experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) and spray-dried bovine plasma (SDBP) and their various molecular weight fractions on performance of pigs weaned at approximately 14 or 21 d of age. In addition, the efficacy of various levels of the immunoglobulin G (IgG)-rich fraction of SDPP and SDBP were evaluated. Experiment 1 evaluated the dietary addition of SDPP and three of its fractions (IgG-rich, albumin-rich, and low molecular weight fractions). Pigs fed SDPP grew faster and consumed more feed than the controls during the first week (P < 0.05). The IgG-rich fraction resulted in improvements in ADG and ADFI that were similar to those of pigs fed SDPP. The albumin-rich fraction had no effect on growth rate, but the low molecular weight fraction decreased feed intake as well as growth rate. Experiments 2 and 3 evaluated SDPP and graded levels of its IgG-rich fraction in pigs weaned at 21 or 14 d, respectively. In Exp. 2, pigs fed SDPP grew faster and consumed more feed than the controls during the first week (P < 0.05). Pig performance was enhanced with the addition of the IgG-rich fraction that provided 80% of the amount of IgG in the SDPP diet. In Exp. 3, there was no response to SDPP during the first week, but a positive growth response to SDPP (P < 0.01) occurred by the end of wk 2 (0 to 14 d). Feeding the IgG-rich fraction increased growth rate compared with controls (P < 0.05). Over the entire experiment, the greatest ADG occurred with the IgG-rich fraction that provided 128% of the amount of IgG provided by SDPP (quadratic; P < 0.05). Two additional experiments assessed feeding SDBP and bovine IgG-rich fractions to early weaned pigs. In Exp. 4, SDPP was superior to SDBP in stimulating growth and feed intake, but this difference did not occur in Exp. 5. In both experiments, the IgG fraction of bovine plasma seemed to be as effective at improving growth as SDPP and more effective than SDBP. The results indicate that both porcine and bovine plasma are beneficial to young pig performance during the first week after weaning and that the IgG fraction of plasma is the component that is responsible for the enhancement in growth rate and feed intake.     

日粮纤维素水平及饲养环境对断奶猪生长性能、养分消化及肠道健康的影响

文章旨在评估日粮添加不同水平的纤维素及不同饲养环境对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及小肠绒毛形态的影响.试验将1296头24?d断奶、平均体重无显著差异的仔猪随机分为4组,每组324头,每组6个重复(54头/重复).将T1和T2组断奶仔猪饲养在环境条件良好的圈舍中,在断奶后前2周分别饲喂纤维素水平为0％和2％的日...     

黄芪多糖(APS)对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液生理生化指标及菌群多样性的影响

通过对断奶仔猪生长性能及血液生理生化指标的测定筛选出黄芪多糖(APS)的最适添加量,同时分析最适宜添加量的APS组对盲肠菌群多样性的影响。将40头(杜×长×大)28日龄断奶仔猪根据初始体质量相近原则分为5组,每组8头,Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ组添加150mg/kg金霉素,Ⅲ~Ⅴ组分别添加200,400,800mg/kg APS,试验期28d。测定断奶仔猪生长性能,血液生理生化指标及盲肠的菌群多样性。在整个试验期,与对照组相比,日粮中添加200mg/kg APS使肉料比显著升高(P0.05);添加200mg/kg APS提高了血清中总蛋白、白蛋白、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶的含量,降低了血清尿素氮和葡萄糖的含量(P0.05);日粮中添加抗生素和APS均能显著提高血液中淋巴细胞数和血小板数(P0.05),除添加200mg/kg APS的试验组外,其余各组均可显著提高血液中白细胞和红细胞数量(P0.05),添加200mg/kg APS后盲肠菌群丰富度高且优势条带明显。     

Effect of spray-dried plasma and lipopolysaccharide exposure on weaned pigs: II. Effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis of weaned pigs

A study was conducted with 20 weaned barrows (14 d, 4.98 +/- 0.21 kg) to determine the effect of feeding spray-dried plasma (SDP) after weaning on the pig's stress response to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. After weaning, pigs were fed a diet containing 0 or 7% SDP for 7 d. On d 6 after weaning, all pigs were nonsurgically fitted with a jugular catheter. On d 7 after weaning, the pigs were given i.p. injections of either saline or LPS (150 microg/kg BW) followed by serial blood collection every 15 min for a 3-h period. Following the 3-h blood collection, all pigs were killed and tissue was collected for mRNA analysis. Pig weight on d 7 after weaning was not affected by dietary treatment (P > 0.21). Pigs fed the diet with SDP had lower (P < 0.05) levels of hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) mRNA, pituitary gland CRH receptor mRNA, and adrenal gland adrenocorticotropin-releasing hormone (ACTH) receptor mRNA. Dietary treatment did not affect pituitary gland proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA. No effect of LPS treatment was observed in any of the mRNA levels examined. For both serum ACTH and cortisol, there was a significant diet x LPS treatment interaction (P < 0.01) such that both the ACTH and cortisol responses to the LPS challenge were greater in the pigs fed the diet with SDP than in the pigs fed the diet without SDP. For pigs given the saline injection, diet did not affect basal serum cortisol concentration; however, basal serum ACTH concentration was lower in those pigs fed the diet with SDP (P < 0.0001). A diet x LPS treatment interaction (P < 0.024) was observed for adrenal gland mRNA expression for steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein such that the LPS-induced increase in StAR mRNA was greater in the pigs fed SDP than in pigs fed the diet without SDP. These results demonstrate that pigs fed a diet with SDP have an increased activation of the pituitary-adrenal axis following an LPS challenge compared to pigs fed a diet without SDP.     

Effect of spray-dried plasma and lipopolysaccharide exposure on weaned pigs: I. Effects on the immune axis of weaned pigs

A study was conducted with 20 weaned barrows (14 d, 4.98 +/- .21 kg) to determine the effect of spray-dried plasma (SDP) on the pig's immune response to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. After weaning, pigs were fed a diet containing 0 or 7% SDP for 7 d. On d 6 postweaning, all pigs were fitted with a jugular catheter. On d 7 postweaning, the pigs were given an i.p. injection of either saline or LPS (150 microg/kg BW) followed by a 3-h blood collection every 15 min. Following blood collection, all pigs were killed and tissue was collected for mRNA analysis. Additionally, the small intestine was collected for measurement of villus height, crypt depth, and villus height:crypt depth ratio (VCR) at three sites (25, 50, and 75% of the total length). Feeding SDP resulted in reduced (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) mRNA in the adrenal gland, spleen, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and liver. Additionally, expression of IL-6 mRNA was reduced (P < 0.05) in the spleen and pituitary gland for pigs fed SDP. For pigs fed the diet with SDP, LPS administration did not affect (P > 0.10) cytokine mRNA expression, whereas LPS reduced expression of TNF-alpha mRNA in the spleen and IL-1beta mRNA in the adrenal gland, spleen, and thymus for pigs fed the diet without SDP. For pigs fed the diet with SDP, LPS caused serum TNF-alpha to increase 150-fold compared to a 60-fold increase for pigs fed the diet without SDP. Similarly, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) increased 110-fold for pigs fed the diet with SDP compared to a 16-fold increase for pigs fed the diet without SDP. For pigs fed the diet with SDP, LPS caused major villus atrophy, whereas for pigs fed the diet without SDP, LPS had no effect on intestinal morphology. These results demonstrate that the basal activation of the immune system appears to be less for pigs fed the diet with SDP compared to pigs fed the diet without SDP after weaning. Additionally, for pigs fed the diet with SDP, there appeared to be an overresponse of the immune system following LPS administration, which resulted in major damage to the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract.     

乳化脂肪粉对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

试验旨在研究乳化脂肪粉对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。选择21日龄的断奶仔猪,按体重相近原则随机分栏成为两个对照组(基础日粮)和一个试验组:试验组在基础日粮中添加20 kg/t的乳化脂肪粉,每个处理2个重复(♀和♂各一栏),每个重复15头,试验期为10 d。研究结果表明:试验组和对照组的平均日采食量分别为0.239 kg、0.257 kg和0.240 kg;平均日增重分别为0.144 kg、0.129 kg和0.131 kg;平均料肉比分别为1.66、1.99和1.80。试验组的平均日采食量和平均料肉比均比两个对照组的低,而试验组的平均日增重比两个对照组高。研究结果表明:在本次试验中,乳化脂肪粉可以增加断奶仔猪的日增重、降低料肉比、提高饲料利用率,乳化脂肪粉对断奶仔猪的生长性能可以产生正面影响。     

乳清粉含量对刚断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

研究不同水平的乳清粉 (5 %、10 %、20 % )对刚断奶仔猪生产性能的影响 ,结果表明 :随乳清粉水平的增加 ,仔猪生产性能随着增加 ,尤其是刚断奶后2周 ,各组间日增重差异显著 (P<0.05) ,日采食量20 %乳清粉组较5 %和10 %乳清粉组分别提高15.96 %和19.71 %,饲料增重比随乳清粉水平的增加呈现降低趋势。在整个试验期 ,各组间日增重达显著水平 (P=0.02) ,日采食量接近显著水平 (P=0.08) ,饲料增重比10 %和20 %乳清粉组较5 %乳清粉组分别降低15.71 %和22.82 %。从经济效益上分析 ,以20 %乳清粉组最佳。     

日粮消化能与可消化赖氨酸水平对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

本文旨在研究日粮不同消化能与可消化赖氨酸水平对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响.采用2×3因子设计,以消化能(3500 kcal/kg 与3400 kcal/kg)与可消化赖氨酸水平(1.10%、1.25%和1.40%)为两个主效应.选用288头23日龄断奶健康的杜X长X大三元杂交仔猪[初始体重(6.64±0.39)kg],公母各半,随机分为6个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复8头猪,试验期14 d.结果表明:在本试验条件下,与低消化能水平相比,高消化能组显著提高了仔猪日增重(4.6%)和饲料转化率(8.9%)(P＜0.01),降低了日采食量(5%)(P＜0.01).日粮消化能水平对腹泻率无显著影响(P＞0.05).随着日粮赖氨酸水平的提高.断奶仔猪日增重也相应提高(P=0.04).高赖氨酸比低赖氨酸组日增重提高12.4%,饲料转化率也提高5.3%(P＜0.01).日粮赖氨酸水平对日采食量和腹泻率影响并不显著.消化能与赖氨酸互作对试验猪日增重、日采食量、饲料转化率及腹泻率交互作用不明显.综合考虑,日粮消化能水平为3500 kcal/kg,可消化赖氨酸水平为1.25%时,断奶仔猪发挥最大的生长性能,日增重最大,饲料转化率最佳.     

不同膳食纤维来源对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响

文章旨在评价饲粮中不同纤维来源对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响。试验选择84头体重接近的28日龄断奶仔猪,随机分为4组,分别饲喂对照组饲粮以及添加5%玉米纤维(CB)、小麦纤维(WB)、大豆纤维(SB)的饲粮,处理28d。试验结果:相比于对照组,CB、WB组料肉比(FCR)分别下降8.5%、7.9%(P<0.05);CB组仔猪总能量(GE)、有机物(OM)、干物质(DM)消化率分别降低2.1%、2.1%、2.9%(P<0.05),粗纤维(CF)、磷(P)消化率分别增加7.8%、29.3%(P<0.05);WB组仔猪GE、OM、DM消化率较对照组分别降低1.8%、3.9%、3.4%(P<0.05),CF、P消化率分别增加8.8%、19.3%(P<0.05);此外,SB组CF、OM、P消化率分别增加9.9%、5.1%、4.5%(P<0.05)。表明,饲粮中纤维显著影响仔猪生长,不同纤维源对仔猪生长性能及养分消化率的影响不同。     

Effects of a whey protein product and spray-dried animal plasma on growth performance of weanling pigs

Five experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of a high-protein, whey protein product (WPP; 73% CP, 6.8% lysine, 12.8% fat, and 5% lactose) and spray-dried animal plasma (SDAP) on growth performance of weanling pigs. In all experiments, pigs were fed experimental diets from d 0 to 14 after weaning in a pelleted form and then a common diet in meal form for the remainder of the experiment. Dietary treatments were established by substituting WPP or SDAP for dried skim milk (Exp. 1) or soybean meal (Exp. 2, 3, 4, and 5) in the control diet. In Exp. 1, we maintained a constant level of lactose in all diets by adjusting the amount of added crystalline lactose. The amount of lactose in diets used in Exp. 2 through 5 varied slightly by the addition of WPP. In Exp. 1 and 2, 180 weanling pigs (initially 5.8 kg and 19 +/- 1 d of age or 5.5 kg and 17 +/- 1 d of age, respectively) were used. Treatment diets contained SDAP (2.5 and 5%) or WPP (2.7 and 5.4% in Exp.1, and 2.5 or 5.0% in Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, from d 0 to 7 after weaning, ADG and ADFI increased with increasing SDAP (linear, P < .01). No other treatment effects were observed during the d 0 to 14 period. In Exp. 2, from d 0 to 14 after weaning, ADG and G:F increased (linear, P < .04) with increasing SDAP or WWP. In Exp. 3, 305 weanling pigs (initially 4.1 kg and 12 +/- 1 d of age) were used. The control diet contained 2.5% SDAP. The experimental diets were similar to the control diet but contained an additional 2.5 or 5.0% SDAP or 2.5 or 5.0% WPP. From d 0 to 14 after weaning, ADG, ADFI, and G:F increased (quadratic, P < .05) with increasing SDAP up to 5.0%. Increasing WPP increased ADG (quadratic, P < .07) and ADFI (linear, P < .09). In Exp. 4 and 5, 329 and 756 weanling pigs (initially 4.1 kg and 12 +/- 1 d of age and 5.2 kg and 18 +/- 1 d of age, respectively) were fed diets in which WPP was substituted for 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% (Exp. 4) or 0, 50, and 100% (Exp. 5) of the SDAP in the control diet. In Exp. 4 and 5, from d 0 to 14 after weaning, pigs fed a 1:1 blend of each protein source had better ADG (quadratic, P < .04) than those only fed SDAP. In conclusion, WPP can be used in combination with or as a total replacement for SDAP in diets for weanling pigs without reducing performance.     

日粮中添加啤酒酵母水解物对保育仔猪生长性能和免疫指标的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加啤酒酵母水解物对保育仔猪生长性能和免疫指标的影响。试验选用同一批次体重相近[(12.00±0.50)kg]的健康杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪96头,按体重和性别随机分为4个处理组,每个处理4个重复,每个重复6头猪(公、母各半)。分别饲喂以下4种日粮:(A)对照组(基础日粮);(B)基础日粮+2.5 kg/t啤酒酵母水解物;(C)基础日粮+5 kg/t啤酒酵母水解物;(D)基础日粮+10 kg/t啤酒酵母水解物。预饲期3 d,正饲期28 d。研究结果表明:在第一周、前两周、前三周的试验中,与A组相比,D组(添加10 kg/t)能显著的降低仔猪的料重比,分别降低6.00%、7.29%、16.24%(P0.05);从全期来看,与A组相比,D组(添加10 kg/t)能显著降低仔猪料重比,降低了5.40%(P0.05),对仔猪的平均日采食量和平均日增重无显著影响(P0.10)。与对照组相比,添加啤酒酵母水解物后能显著提高保育仔猪血清中免疫球蛋白IgG的含量(P0.05),增强仔猪的免疫力。     

Effects of increasing dietary L-carnitine on growth performance of weanling pigs

Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing graded levels (0 to 100 ppm) of L-carnitine to the diet of weanling pigs on growth performance during a 34- to 38-d experimental period. A fifth experiment was conducted to determine the effects of addition of L-carnitine to diets with or without added soybean oil (SBO) on growth performance. In Exp. 1, 128 pigs (initial BW = 5.5 kg) were allotted to four dietary treatments (six pens per treatment of four to six pigs per pen). Dietary treatments were a control diet containing no added L-carnitine and the control diet with 25, 50, or 100 ppm of added L-carnitine. In Exp. 2, 3, and 4, pigs (4.8 to 5.6 kg of BW) were allotted to five dietary treatments consisting of either a control diet containing no added L-carnitine or the control diet with 25, 50, 75, or 100 ppm of added L-carnitine. All diets in Exp. 1 to 4 contained added soybean oil (4 to 6%). There were seven pens per treatment (four to five pigs per pen) in Exp. 2, whereas Exp. 3 and 4 had five and six pens/treatment (eight pigs per pen), respectively. In general, dietary carnitine additions had only minor effects on growth performance during Phases 1 and 3; however, dietary L-carnitine increased (linear [Exp. 1], quadratic [Exp. 2 to 4], P < 0.03) ADG and gain:feed (G:F) during Phase 2. The improvements in growth performance during Phase 2 were of great enough magnitude that carnitine addition tended to increase ADG (linear, P < 0.10) and improve G:F (quadratic, P < 0.02) for the entire 38-d period. In Exp. 5, 216 weanling pigs (5.8 kg of BW) were allotted (12 pens/treatment of four to five pigs per pen) to four dietary treatments. The four dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial with main effects of added SBO (0 or 5%) and added L-carnitine (0 or 50 ppm). Pigs fed SBO tended (P < 0.07) to grow more slowly and consumed less feed compared with those not fed SBO, but G:F was improved (P < 0.02). The addition of L-carnitine did not affect (P > 0.10) ADG or ADFI; however, it improved (P < 0.03) G:F. Also, the increase in G:F associated with L-carnitine tended to be more pronounced for pigs fed SBO than those not fed SBO (carnitine x SBO, P < 0.10). These results suggest that the addition of 50 to 100 ppm of added L-carnitine to the diet improved growth performance of weanling pigs. In addition, supplemental L-carnitine tended to be more effective when SBO was provided in the diet.     

Effects of composite antimicrobial peptide on growth performance and health in weaned piglets

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of composite antimicrobial peptide (CAP) on growth performance and health status in weaned piglets. Over 28 days, 36 weaned piglets (body weight, 10.58 ± 0.99 kg) underwent three treatments: negative control (NC, basal diet), positive control (PC, basal diet + 20 mg/kg colistin sulphate + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin), and CAP treatment (CAP, basal diet with 400 mg/kg CAP). Average daily gain of piglets fed the CAP diet was greater (P < 0.05) than that of piglets fed the PC or NC diet during days 1–7, 8–14 and 15–21. Diarrhea rates of piglets fed the CAP or PC diet were lower (P < 0.05) than those of NC‐fed piglets during days 1–7. Apparent total tract digestibility for dry matter and crude ash in CAP‐fed piglets was greater (P < 0.05) than that of NC‐fed piglets. In the CAP group, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts were greater (P < 0.05) and Escherichia coli counts were lower (P < 0.05) than numbers for the NC group. Our results indicate that dietary CAP had beneficial effects on growth performance and health status in weaned piglets.     

复合微生态添加剂对断奶仔猪生产性能与血液生理生化指标的影响

试验通过以蜡样芽孢杆菌、乳酸杆菌和酵母菌等多种益生菌制成的猪用复合微生态饲料添加剂,进行60d仔猪饲喂试验,观察其对断奶仔猪生产性能与血液生理生化指标的影响。试验结果表明:猪用复合微生态饲料添加剂能显著提高断奶仔猪日增重(23.2%),明显降低料耗(6.8%)和腹泻发生率(84.6%),提高仔猪血液中淋巴细胞转化率(7.06%)和血清中ALP(碱性磷酸酶)活性(20.61%),对仔猪血清中ALT(谷丙转氨酶)、AST(谷草转氨酶)活性分别降低4.46%和24%,对仔猪血液中TP(血清总蛋白)、GLB(血清球蛋白)和WBC(白细胞数)等生化指标的含量无明显影响。表明猪用复合微生态饲料添加剂可明显提高断奶仔猪生产性能和抗病力,是一种可以替代抗菌促长剂的安全无公害饲料添加剂。     

复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响研究

试验选用体重和断奶日龄相近的"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪(平均体重为9.08kg)60头以研究复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。试验猪按完全随机区组设计分为4个处理,每处理设3个重复,每个重复5头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮(玉米/豆粕型),试验一、二、三组在基础日粮中分别添加0.05%、0.10%和0.15%的复合酶制剂。结果表明:日粮中添加0.05%、0.10%和0.15%的复合酶制剂,断奶仔猪的平均日增重分别提高8.82%(P0.05)、15.06%(P0.05)和11.53%(P0.05);料重比分别降低6.77%(P0.05)、10.53%(P0.05)和8.27%(P0.05);日粮中添加0.05%、0.10%和0.15%的复合酶制剂,仔猪饲料纤维和磷的消化率得到显著改善(P0.05),添加0.10%的复合酶制剂,仔猪饲料蛋白质消化率显著提高(P0.05)。因此,在断奶仔猪玉米-豆粕型日粮中,添加含酸性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶、糖化酶、β-葡聚糖酶、β-甘露聚糖酶及木聚糖酶的复合酶制剂,可促进饲料养分的消化,显著提高仔猪的日增重,降低料重比,减少腹泻的发生。复合酶制剂的添加量以0.10%效果最佳。     

Effects of dietary supplementation with essential oils and protease on growth performance,antioxidation, inflammation and intestinal function of weaned pigs

This experiment evaluated the impacts of essential oils(EO) and protease(PRO), independently or in combination, on growth performance, antioxidation, inflammation and intestinal function of weaned pigs.One hundred and sixty weaned pigs(21 d of age, BW of 6.74 ± 0.20 kg) were randomly divided into 4treatments with 8 replicate pens of 5 pigs per pen. Dietary treatments included the following: 1) control diet(CON), 2) CON with 300 mg/kg essential oils(EO), 3) CON with 500 mg/kg protease(PRO), 4) CO...     

大豆酶解蛋白改善断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道健康的研究

为了探明大豆酶解蛋白替代仔猪饲粮中血浆蛋白粉、肠膜蛋白或鱼粉的功效。研究选择28 d断奶三元杂交(杜×长×大)仔猪320头,随机分为4个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复20头。分别饲喂:处理1组:3%血浆蛋白+3%肠膜蛋白+3%鱼粉日粮;处理2组(无血浆蛋白质):9%大豆酶解蛋白+3%肠膜蛋白+3%鱼粉日粮;处理3组(无肠膜蛋白):4%大豆酶解蛋白+3%血浆蛋白+3%鱼粉日粮;处理4(无鱼粉):3.5%大豆酶解蛋白+3%血浆蛋白+3%肠膜蛋白日粮。试验期28 d,于试验14 d直肠取粪便测定微生物,28 d采集血液测定血清抗体水平。研究结果证明:与常规的血浆-肠膜-鱼粉日粮相比,9%大豆酶解蛋白+3%肠膜+3%鱼粉的无血浆蛋白粉日粮,可以获得完全相同的增重和腹泻率(P0.05),但是,采食量和料重比显著降低(P0.05);4%大豆酶解蛋白+3%血浆+3%鱼粉的无肠膜蛋白日粮处理提高了日增重,降低了料重比和腹泻率(P0.05);3.5%大豆酶解蛋白+3%血浆+3%肠膜的无鱼粉日粮处理获得了最高的试验期末体重、日增重和采食量,显著降低了料重比和腹泻率(P0.05)。仔猪成活率处理之间均没有显著影响(P0.05)。4%大豆酶解蛋白+3%血浆+3%鱼粉的日粮组获得了最低的大肠杆菌总数;9%大豆酶解蛋白+3%肠膜+3%鱼粉组获得了最高的乳酸菌总数。无大豆酶解蛋白日粮组的大肠杆菌总数最多,乳酸菌总数最少。9%大豆酶解蛋白+3%肠膜+3%鱼粉组获得了最高的IgA和IgM抗体水平(P0.05)。由此证明,使用9%的大豆酶解蛋白可以替代日粮中3%的血浆蛋白粉,4%的大豆酶解蛋白可以替代日粮3%的肠膜蛋白质,3.5%大豆酶解蛋白可以替代日粮中3%的鱼粉。大豆酶解蛋白替代血浆蛋白粉可以改善断奶仔猪的生长性能,调节肠道菌群,增加免疫力。     

Effect of liquid feeding weaned pigs on growth performance to harvest

Four experiments were undertaken to examine the effect of feeding postweaning diets as dry pelleted feed, fresh liquid feed, acidified liquid feed, and fermented liquid feed on pig performance from weaning (26 d) to harvest. In Exp. 1 (n = 12 replicates) and 2 (n = 10 replicates), the treatments were 1) dry pelleted feed and 2) fresh liquid feed. In Exp. 1, 2 kg of starter diet (16.7 MJ of DE/kg and 1.6% lysine) per pig and 5 kg of transition diet (16.7 MJ of DE/kg and 1.5% lysine) per pig followed by a weaner diet (14.0 MJ of DE/kg and 1.36% lysine) were offered to 27 d after weaning. In Exp. 3 (n = 8 replicates), the treatments were 1) dry pelleted feed, 2) fresh liquid feed, and 3) acidified liquid feed. In Exp. 4 (n = 8 replicates), the treatments were 1) dry pelleted feed, 2) acidified liquid feed, and 3) fermented liquid feed. In Exp. 2, 3, and 4, 3 kg of starter diet (16.1 MJ of DE/kg and 1.74% lysine) per pig and 6 kg of transition diet (15.3 MJ of DE/kg and 1.5% lysine) per pig followed by a weaner diet (14.0 MJ of DE/kg and 1.36% lysine) was offered to 27 d after weaning. All treatments were balanced for boars and gilts and diets were offered for ad libitum consumption. Acidified liquid feed was produced by adding lactic acid to the liquid feed so that its pH was decreased to 4.0. Fermented liquid feed was produced by adding an inoculum of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris 303 (1.3%, vol/wt) to the first mix. In Exp. 1, ADG from weaning to d 27 after weaning was 338 and 286 g/d (SEM = 10; P < 0.01) and DM gain/feed in the same period was 888 and 594 g/kg (SEM = 23.1; P < 0.001) for dry pelleted feed and fresh liquid feed, respectively. In Exp. 2, ADG was 391 and 352 g/d (SEM = 6.4; P < 0.01) and DM gain/feed was 856 and 642 g/kg (SEM = 9.9; P < 0.001) for dry pelleted feed and fresh liquid feed, respectively, during the period from weaning to d 27 after weaning. In Exp. 3, ADG was 408, 416, and 433 g/d (SEM = 12.7; P > 0.05) and DM gain/feed was 865, 755, and 789 g/ kg (SEM = 14.5; P < 0.001) for dry pelleted feed, fresh liquid feed, and acidified liquid feed, respectively. In Exp. 4, ADG was 361, 389, and 347 g/d (SEM = 13.2; P = 0.11) and DM gain/feed was 888, 749, and 733 g/ kg (SEM = 15.8; P < 0.001) for dry pelleted feed, acidified liquid feed, and fermented liquid feed, respectively, during the period from weaning to d 27 after weaning. It is concluded that although feeding acidified liquid feed may have some merit in the first 27 d after weaning, this benefit is lost in the subsequent period. No benefit arose from feeding fresh liquid feed or fermented liquid feed. Growth performance from d 28 after weaning to harvest was not improved by any liquid feed treatment.     

日粮蛋白质水平对断奶仔猪氮代谢的影响

试验研究了日粮不同蛋白质水平对断奶仔猪氮代谢的影响。试验采用完全随机设计,将72头35日龄断奶的仔猪分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复6头。4个组分别饲喂24%、22%、20%、18%蛋白水平的日粮。结果表明:粪氮排泄随日粮蛋白水平的升高而增加,24%蛋白组粪氮排泄量显著高于其它3组(P<0.05),尿氮变化不显著;22%、20%、18%蛋白组氮表观消化率无显著差异,24%蛋白组氮表观消化率显著低于其它3组(P<0.05);氮代谢率随蛋白水平上升而下降;血清总蛋白浓度与日粮蛋白水平无显著的相关性;血清尿素氮浓度随日粮蛋白水平的降低而降低。总之,考虑到仔猪生长和氮排出,仔猪日粮蛋白水平应以20%~22%为好,18%的日粮蛋白水平影响仔猪日沉积氮量。     

饲粮添加果寡糖和复合益生素对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

试验研究饲粮添加不同水平的果寡糖(FOS)和复合益生素(CPP)对断奶仔猪生长性能及生化指标的影响。选择21日龄左右断奶、体重约7.2 kg的健康杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪240头,随机分为6组,每组设2个重复,每个重复20头,公母各半。1组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,2组为抗生素组,在基础饲粮中添加0.10%的金霉素(AP),3、4、5、6组为分别在基础饲粮中添加0.05%CPP、0.10%FOS、0.20%FOS、0.10%FOS+0.05%CPP。进行为期35 d的饲养试验。结果显示:(1)与对照组相比,饲粮中联合添加0.10%FOS+0.05%CPP,断奶仔猪平均日增重提高13.77%(P0.05);料重比降低了7.41%(P0.05);仔猪腹泻率降低了94.63%(P0.05),比0.10%抗生素组降低了62.86%(P0.05)。(2)断奶仔猪饲粮中单独或者联合添加FOS和CPP能一定程度提高饲粮粗纤维等养分的表观消化率,与0.10%抗生素效果无显著差异(P0.05)。(3)饲粮中单独或者联合添加FOS和CPP对断奶仔猪血清总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮、胆固醇、甘油三酯、谷丙转氨酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶和血糖等生化指标无显著影响(P0.05)。综上所述,FOS和CPP能改善断奶仔猪生长性能,提高仔猪健康水平,促进饲料养分的消化吸收,其效果与抗生素无显著差异;其中以添加0.10%FOS+0.05%CPP效果最佳。