鸽的病毒性感染（续完）

上期回顾:上期从疾病的临床症状、病变、诊断、预防和控制等角度介绍了鸽消化系统疾病中的副粘病毒、腺病毒和A群轮状病毒。     

一起犊牛病毒性腹泻病毒与轮状病毒混合感染的诊治

犊牛腹泻是犊牛的常见病、多发病,多见于出生后几天的犊牛。临床上以腹泻、脱水、电解质失衡为特征。发病率为60%~90%,死亡率有时高达100%。2006年9月济南周边一规模牛场3~6月龄犊牛发生急性腹泻,50多头犊牛发病,死亡3头,送检腹泻病料6份,血液样本2份,结合临床症状经实验室检验     

一起保育猪感染圆环病毒的报道

1发病情况内蒙古东部地区某猪场,存栏母猪1200头左右,2002年3月开始在保育舍60日龄的仔猪发病,死淘率明显高于正常的情况,随病情发展,发病仔猪的日龄逐渐减小,后波及到30日龄的仔猪。对发病猪肌注丁胺卡那、土霉素等抗菌素治疗,只能延长寿命,不能治愈,送很多地方检验,结果不一致。2临床症状主要危害5～16周龄的猪,但最常见于6～9周龄的猪,哺乳猪很少发生。临床表现生长发育不良、进行性消瘦、贫血、皮肤苍白、肌肉衰弱无力、呼吸急促、咳喘、被毛粗乱。有时还可见皮肤、可视黏膜黄疸,腹泻。发病率30%左右,多数猪病程较长,也有几天内死亡,致…     

青海省部分地区3种牛病毒性腹泻病原的感染情况调查

为了解青海省部分牛群中牛病毒性腹泻病毒（bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV）、牛轮状病毒（bovine rotavirus,BRV）和牛冠状病毒（bovine coronavirus,BCV）3种牛病毒性腹泻病原的感染现状,本研究采用RT-PCR方法首次对2012～2013年青海省部分地区的32份具有腹泻症状的临床病料及152份健康牛粪便样品进行了BVDV、BRV、BCV的核酸检测与分析。结果显示,32份腹泻牛病料样品中BVDV、BRV、BCV的阳性率分别为65.63%（21/32）、18.75%（6/32）、34.38%（11/32）,且存在2种或3种病原的混合感染;152份健康牛粪便样品中BVDV、BRV、BCV的阳性率分别为3.95%（6/152）、1.97%（3/152）、0（0/152）。该结果表明青海省部分牛群中普遍存在BVDV、BRV、BCV的感染,且混合感染现象严重,需进一步加强青海省地区牛病毒性腹泻病原的综合防控。     

冬春季猪常见病毒性腹泻的防治

猪的流行性腹泻、传染性胃肠炎和轮状病毒感染是由病毒引起的高度接触传染性肠道疾病 ,其临床症状很相似 ,主要特征为呕吐与严重水样腹泻、脱水 ,而且有时呈混合性感染 ,合称为猪病毒性腹泻。1　流行病学及临床症状( 1 )猪流行性腹泻。主要发生在冬季 ,也可发生在春秋季节 ,各种猪都可感染发病 ,但传播速度比传染性胃肠炎慢 ,病程较短 ,死亡率低。其传染源为病猪和带毒猪 ,通过粪便、唾液等排泄物、分泌物排出大量病毒污染环境 ,易感猪通过摄入被污染的饲料、饮水而引起发病。有些猪呕吐 ,随即发生腹泻 ,呈灰色或黑色水样 ,精神欠佳 ,厌食 ,…     

中草药在兽医临床上的应用

随着工厂化养猪的不断发展，猪病也愈趋复杂化，尤其是近年来，随着圆环病毒感染的不断加重及其与篮耳病或猪瘟或三者同时混合感染的出现，使得猪病的防治难度越来越大：在西药无法控制这些病毒性疾病的同时，中草药可谓是异军突起，中草药在猪病防治中的作用越来越受到业界人士的关注。笔者在临床实践中经过几年的不断摸索和总结，发现中草药不但对各种急慢性猪病和疑难杂症具有很好的疗效，而且对各种猪病的预防也起到了很好的效果，尤其是病毒件疾病。     

病毒性混合感染猪病的防治措施

以病毒为主因的多种病毒细菌混合感染已成为目前猪病的普遍现象。所谓的“高热病”也是如此。不同的是：全国各省各地区甚至于各猪场发生的情况都有所区别，有的是以猪瘟为主，有的是以蓝耳病为主等。对于目前全国流行的所谓的“高热病”，专家们的看法也不一致，众说纷纭。众所周知，猪瘟、口蹄疫、蓝耳病、圆环病毒病、[第一段]     

一例鸽新城疫与大肠杆菌混合感染的诊治

鸽新城疫接触、败血性传染病,在鸽群中有时呈流行性暴发,有时则零星发生。本病病原是鸽Ⅰ型副粘病毒与新城疫毒类似,不同年龄、品种的鸽都易感染,一年四季都可发生。感染途径是消化道、呼吸道、泌尿生殖系统和眼结膜及创伤。2011年10月5日,某鸽场饲养的1200只肉鸽,     

猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型感染与防治

猪圆环病毒Ⅱ是上世纪末新发现的一种以断奶仔猪衰弱、新生仔猪先天性颤抖,母猪繁殖障碍和引起感染猪只淋巴细胞免疫抑制的一种多系统损害综合症群的一种新的病毒性传染病,通过ELISA进行血清学调查,人的血清中阳性高达30%、小鼠阳性69%、牛阳性35%,多种动物血清学阳性标明此病毒除可感染猪以外,还可能感染其它动物,但除猪有临床症状外,尚末有发现其它动物有临床症状表现,但也应引起重视.     

鹅副粘病毒感染的研究

１９９７年以来,在江苏省苏南、苏北许多县、市的鹅群中发生一种具有高度发病率和死亡率的鹅病,已造成一定损失,威胁着养鹅业的健康发展。经流行病学调查,各种年龄鹅均具有易感性,年龄越小发病率和死亡率越高。这种以消化系统为主要临床症状和病变为特征的鹅病,经病毒分离及主要特性和形态学等方面的研究,已确定本病为副粘病毒所致的鹅的一种新病。为了尽快解决生产上的问题,在研究病原的同时,进行防制手段的研究,已研制出了防制本病的生物制剂。１　流行病学调查１９９７年７月至１９９８年１２月先后调查江都、仪征、邗江、高邮…     

Viral infections in pigeons

This review provides a current update on the major viral diseases of the domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica), based on scientific reports and clinical experience. Paramyxovirus 1, adenovirus, rotavirus, herpesvirus 1, poxvirus and circovirus infections are described according to common clinical signs and target tissues. Since pigeons are sometimes treated as if they were poultry, the review also summarises the common viral infections of poultry for which pigeons are considered resistant. It is hoped that the review will provide a useful reference for veterinarians and others and offer advice on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the major infectious diseases of pigeons.     

鸽的病毒性感染

上期回顾:上期从疾病的临床病状、病变、诊断、预防和控制等角度介绍了鸽消化系统疾病中的副粘病毒、腺病毒和A群轮状病毒. 3 呼吸系统疾病 呼吸系统疾病是信鸽比赛性能低下的首要原因.早先,在鸽疱疹病毒Ⅰ型的重要作用被证实之前(Vindevogel等,1981b),鸽呼吸疾病的病因被错误地认为是白喉样细菌或衣原体(Chlamydial)感染(Volkert和Christensen,1954;Prip,1971).鸽的pAMPV-1感染病例临床呼吸道症状不明显或完全没有.     

Experimental Streptococcus bovis infections in pigeons.

Thirty pigeons were experimentally infected with Streptococcus bovis using an intravenous infection model. Ninety percent of the inoculated pigeons developed clinical disease. Disease signs included acute death, inability to fly, lameness, inappetence, emaciation, polyuria, and the production of slimy, green droppings. At necropsy, the septicemic character of the disease was evident. Typical lesions included extensive well-circumscribed areas of necrosis in the pectoral muscle, tenosynovitis of the tendon of the Musculus pectoralis profundus, and arthritis of the stifle, tibiotarsal, or shoulder joints. Focal myocardial necrosis also was seen. Meningitis and encephalitis occurred in the cerebrum and the cerebellum. Disease signs and lesions described here after experimental infection were similar to those in naturally occurring cases of S. bovis septicemia.     

Viral encephalomyelitis of pigeons: pathology and virus isolation

A previously unrecorded nervous disease in pigeons was investigated. The disease, characterized by paresis, paralysis of the extremities, head-shaking, and torticollis, is contagious and spreads slowly. The mortality rate of affected pigeons was very high. The disease appeared to spread among pigeon flocks in spring and summer. The predominant gross change in most cases examined was congestion of the visceral organs. Some cases had grayish spots on the pancreas and kidneys. The histologic changes are characterized by neuronal and myelin degeneration with mononuclear cell infiltration and perivascular cuffing. Degeneration of the parenchyma and marked congestion are prominent in the visceral organs. The causal agent, found to be a virus, produced pock lesions on chorioallantoic membranes of developing chick embryos and failed to aagglutinate chicken RBCs. Antisera against Newcastle disease virus and avian encephalomyelitis virus did not neutralize the isolated virus. The virus produced typical signs in experimentally inoculated pigeons.     

Streptococcus gallolyticus infections in racing pigeons, a literature review

S. gallolyticus, formerly known as S. bovis is known since 1988 as a facultative pathogen of racing pigeons. Important clinical signs include acute mortality, inability to fly, lameness, weight loss and slimy green diarrhea. A pathognomonic sign at post mortem examination is the presence of well circumscribed areas of necrosis in the pectoral muscle. Furthermore tenosynovitis of the supracoracoid muscle and arthritis of the knee, shoulder and hock can be observed. In one study S. gallolyticus septicaemia was diagnosed in 10% of necropsied pigeons. Since S. gallolyticus was also isolated from nearly 40% of clinical healthy pigeons it is regarded as a facultative pathogen. Various biotypes, serotypes and culture supernatant phenotypes can be distinguished. Supernatant phenotypes are identified on the basis of the presence of either a T1, T2 or T3 protein triplet and the presence or absence of an extracellular A protein. S. gallolyticus strains with A protein are highly virulent, while strains with only T3 or T2 protein are of moderately or low virulence respectively. Fimbriae are only seen in highly virulent and some of the moderately virulent strains. Possible virulence factors include survival in macrophages, adhesion to cells and toxin production. Infection with serotype 1 and 2 induces some degree of protection against re-infection with serotype 1, which offers perspectives for the development of a vaccine. Experimentally ampicillin, doxycycline and erythromycin have shown therapeutic effects. For the treatment of clinical cases the use of ampicillin is advocated, together with hygienic measures, such as the use of grid floors and avoiding overcrowding.     

Prevalence of pigeon circovirus infections in feral pigeons in Ljubljana, Slovenia

Pigeon circovirus (PiCV) was detected by real-time PCR in cloacal swabs, pharyngeal swabs, and serum samples taken from 74 feral pigeons (Columba livia var. domestica) that were caught at various locations in the city of Ljubljana, Slovenia. PiCV infections were detected in the majority of the tested birds. The highest (74.3%) detection rate was observed in the cloacal swabs and the lowest (31.1%) in serum samples. PiCV DNA was more readily detected in the cloacal swabs, pharyngeal swabs, and serum samples of birds younger than 1 yr. Molecular analysis of partial open reading frame V1 sequences showed that PiCV strains detected in feral pigeons share high nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities with PiCV strains detected in ornamental, racing, meat, and feral pigeons.     

Viral intestinal infections of animals and man

The extensive use of negative staining techniques and electron microscopy in diagnostic centers has resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of reported viral enteric infections in man and animals in the last 10 yr. Enteric infection due to adenoviruses, astroviruses, coronaviruses, paramyxoviruses, parvoviruses, picornaviruses (caliciviruses), rotaviruses as well as some unidentified viral particles are described. The brief literature review on each of these virus families is supplemented with clinical cases submitted to the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory. Comparative aspects of viral infections between different animal species as well as man are discussed wherever possible.     

Viral infections and bovine mastitis: a review

This review deals with the role of viruses in the aetiology of bovine mastitis. Bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine herpesvirus 4, foot-and-mouth disease virus, and parainfluenza 3 virus have been isolated from milk from cows with clinical mastitis. Intramammary inoculations of bovine herpesvirus 1 or parainfluenza 3 virus-induced clinical mastitis, while an intramammary inoculation of foot-and-mouth disease virus resulted in necrosis of the mammary gland. Subclinical mastitis has been induced after a simultaneous intramammary and intranasal inoculation of lactating cows with bovine herpesvirus 4. Bovine leukaemia virus has been detected in mammary tissue of cows with subclinical mastitis, but whether this virus was able to induce bovine mastitis has not been reported. Bovine herpesvirus 2, vaccinia, cowpox, pseudocowpox, vesicular stomatitis, foot-and-mouth disease viruses, and bovine papillomaviruses can play an indirect role in the aetiology of bovine mastitis. These viruses can induce teat lesions, for instance in the ductus papillaris, which result in a reduction of the natural defence mechanisms of the udder and indirectly in bovine mastitis due to bacterial pathogens. Bovine herpesvirus 1, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bovine immunodeficiency virus, and bovine leukaemia virus infections may play an indirect role in bovine mastitis, due to their immunosuppressive properties. But, more research is warranted to underline their indirect role in bovine mastitis. We conclude that viral infections can play a direct or indirect role in the aetiology of bovine mastitis; therefore, their importance in the aetiology of bovine mastitis and their economical impact needs further attention.