黄牛柞树叶中毒的调查报告

柞树又称栎树,为壳斗科(Fagaceae)栎属(Genus Quercus)植物,俗称玻璃棵子,广泛分布于我县山区。根据文献记载,这类植物生在气候温暖地区,一般于三月下旬开始发芽。早春放牧时由于采食柞树幼嫩枝叶,而引起中毒。我县于86年5月中旬先后发生两起散     

柞树的结实与分类

<正>柞树属山毛榉科(壳斗科Fagaceae),麻栎属(Quercus),其名在我国并不普遍,仅局限于陇海路以北地区.长江上游及以南地区,称柞树为青杠、橡树、槲树;长江中下游及以南地区称柞树为栎树,这些名字共同的涵义都不是指一个树种,更不是一个品种,而是指在该地区所有的本属植物.但果实的名字各地都称橡实,种子称橡子,壳斗     

关于柞蚕的动物分类阶元“科”的名称及在国民行业归口的考证

柞蚕是大型的泌丝昆虫。关于柞蚕在动物分类阶元“科”的名称,不同的文献说法不同,有的称之为天蚕蛾科（Saturniidae）．有的称之为大蚕蛾科（Saturniidae）。对上述分类阶元名称的考证结果认为：柞蚕在动物分类阶元“科”上应归为天蚕蛾科。对柞蚕业在国民经济行业中归口考证认为,柞蚕业应归属于畜牧业。     

柞树的实用分类

<正> 柞树属于壳斗科(Fagaceae)栎属(Quercus),本属种类很多,分布面积很广,世界上有300余种,我国有60余种,还有很多自然杂交种和变种,《中国树木志》将其分为五组,即高山栎组、巴东栎组、沼生栎组、槲组与栎组。其叶子有常绿、半常绿和落叶三类,第一组为常绿类、第二、三组为常绿类,少数为半常绿类,只有槲类、栎类两组为落叶栎类。一般常绿叶呈甘质,坚韧异常,蚕不能咬啮,需经修剪重发嫩叶,才能在短时间内放蚕;半常绿叶,冬季叶虽枯凋,但发芽早,老硬快,不适蚕用;只有落叶栎,叶质柔软多汁,适宜放蚕。本文重点讨论落叶栎。     

牛青冈叶中毒的认识与防治

青冈叶中毒是由于家畜过食山毛举科栎属的几种植物,如槲栎、麻栎、大叶栎、白栎、短柄抱栎、栓皮栎等的花、叶、而发生泌尿、消化系统机能性和器质性病变为特征的地区季节性中毒性疾病。我县是一个栎属植物广泛的山区县,牛青冈叶中毒每年春季时有发生,曾有年因该病致死的牛     

山西省古稀柞树资源的调查

壳斗科栎属树种统称为柞树,山西省有许多的柞树资源。调查了与柞蚕有紧密关联的8个树种14个不同地点22株古稀树木,介绍了这些树木的遗存及生长情况。     

耕牛青杠叶中毒辩证施治初步探讨

青杠叶中毒是我省耕牛在农历谷雨前后常见的疾病,该病是由于耕牛过食山毛榉科(Fagaceae)栎属(Quercus)的几种植物,如槲栎(Quercus aliene Bl.)麻栎(Quercus acutissima Carr)、柞栎(Quercus de-ntata Thunb.)等(群众一般称为青杠树),而致发生以泌尿、消化系统机能性和器质性病变为特征的地区季节性中毒疾病。     

柞树资源化利用现状及展望

目前,中共中央、国务院办公厅发布了《粮食节约行动方案》,要求饲料粮减量代替,寻求新型饲料成为当下畜牧业发展的需求。柞树在我国广泛分布,柞叶产量大,可以作为畜禽饲料进行利用。本文对柞树资源化利用现状及前景进行综述,以期为深入研究提供参考。一、柞树简介柞树是壳斗科栎属经济植物的总称,又名栎树、橡树,抗寒耐旱、生命力强,在我国广泛分布。从海南到黑龙江都有柞林,在黑龙江五大连池市有柞林21.7万亩。据有关数据,每年用作放养柞蚕的不到6%。     

2例水牛青冈叶中毒的诊治及体会

青冈叶中毒是一种具有季节性和地域性特点的家畜中毒性疾病。清明节前后的4—5月间山毛举科栎属的几种植物，如槲栎、麻栎、大叶栎、白栎、短柄抱栎、栓皮栎等开始逐渐开花，家畜在放牧过程中过量食人了该属植物的花、叶后，所导致的以泌尿、消化系统机能障碍和器质性病变为主的中毒性疾病。     

牛羊青杠树叶中毒病的发生与防治

青杠树为壳斗科栎属的多年生乔木或灌木,又称橡树、柞树、栎树、槲树。我国有140多种。主要分布在东北、华北、华中、华南、西南及陕、甘、宁的山区,是用途广泛的经济树种。该树根深叶茂、抗土壤贫瘠能力强,既耐旱又抗涝,河北省主要有蒙古栎、河北栎、辽东栎、每年春     

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica-like strains isolated from diseased animals in Denmark.

Trehalose-negative strains of the Pasteurella haemolytica complex have recently been transferred to a new genus, Mannheimia. This genus presently consists of five named species: M. haemolytica, M. glucosida, M. granulomatis, M. ruminalis and M. varigena. The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of these species and lesions associated with these isolates in Denmark. In all 106 M. haemolytica-like strains isolated from pathological material from cattle, sheep, pigs and hares submitted to the Danish Veterinary Laboratory between 1994 and 1998 were investigated. Phenotypic characterization and ribotyping were used for identification in addition to sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes for selected strains. The species allocation was determined by comparison to results from a previous polyphasic taxonomic study. Seventy-one percent of the strains belonged to M. haemolytica, 18% to M. varigena and 8% to unnamed groups within the genus Mannheimia. Single isolates identified as M. glucosida and P. trehalosi, respectively, were detected. Two isolates belonged to M. granulomatis. Forty-three percent of the strains belonged to serotype 1, 41% were untypeable, while the rest belonged to serotypes 2, 7, 9, and 16. The present investigation also showed that a simplified phenotypic characterization using Diatabs Diagnostic Tablets (Rosco, Denmark) represents a useful method for obtaining a quick and reliable species identification. Finally, the investigation confirmed that serotyping does not represent a reliable method for species identification. The heterogeneity of species associated with bovine "pasteurellosis" should be considered in future studies to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of pneumonic disease.     

苜蓿属植物分类研究进展分析

回顾了近百年世界苜蓿属(Medicago L.)植物分类的不同结果和演变历程,重点讨论了中国和西方学者对苜蓿属植物分类系统的主要分歧。依据中国学者的分类系统,苜蓿(Medicago sativa Linn)、胡卢巴(Cermmon Fe-nupreek)、扁蓿豆(Huthenian medica)、黑荚豆(Medicago varia Martyn)等植物种被分别归属于苜蓿属、胡卢巴属(Trigonella L.)、扁蓿豆属(Melissitus Medik.)和黑荚豆属(Turucania),按照西方学者的分类系统,均被列入苜蓿属,并提出紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)复合体的概念,将紫花苜蓿、黄花苜蓿(Medicago falcata)、杂花苜蓿(Medi-cago Httyenica(Lnn.)Trautv)同归为紫花苜蓿亚种。文章建议为了充分挖掘中国苜蓿种质资源的优势,发挥优异基因的改良作用,有必要对中国目前的遗传资源基因库的现状和分类系统在分子水平上进行复核和探讨。     

Progress on the taxonomic classification of Medicago species北大核心CSCD

This review investigates the disordered status of the classification of Medicago genus,both domestically and internationally. Several definitions of a taxonomic species were considered and the names and characteristics of 13 Medicago species in China are reported,together with a detailed summary of the names,life forms,chromosome numbers,pollination methods and natural distribution of about 90 Medicago species worldwide,including the classification of 14 sections and 10 subsections in Medicago. The molecular evolutionary relationships between different species,and the geographical origin of Medicago are discussed,and the genetic relationships between different subspecies in the alfalfa complex are further explained. This study puts forward a method of identifying Medicago species on the basis of deep understanding of the concept of species. A wide collection of global Medicago germplasm resources,aiming to further clarify the evolutionary relationship among different sections and different species by molecular evolution methods is proposed. This review provides a reference framework for future Medicago classification and alfalfa cross breeding. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

A “taxonomic affidavit”: Why it is needed?

Imprecise and faulty taxonomic identification of the biological objects of many ecological and experimental studies renders these studies irreproducible. Incomplete identification to the species level and excessive use of vernacular species names are additional problems. Good science must be able to be falsified. I recommend that publications and granting agencies use and mention the names of the zoologists or botanists who identified the species. Voucher specimens should be marked and deposited in scientific museums for future checking.     

不同高羊茅品种夏季高温季节的坪用性状研究

比较不同高羊茅品种在南京地区越夏期间坪用性状的变化,结果表明：高羊茅在高温胁迫期间叶片变窄,叶色值降低,盖度、密度下降,表观质量降低;供试的14个高羊茅品种可以分为三类：第一类是TF07、TF08、TF10和TF18四个品种,耐热性弱;第二类是TF06、TF11、TF12、TF13、TF14、TF16和TF19,耐热性中等;第三类是TF01、TF03和TF05,耐热性强。     

牛中华泰勒虫新种(梨形虫亚目:泰勒虫科)2.分子分类学研究

分离自我国甘肃中部地区土种黄牛的一种形态特异的泰勒虫，采用传统分类学研究鉴定为新种，被定名为中华泰勒虫（Theileria sinensis sp.nov）。又利用对泰勒虫属特异的PCR引物（92/93）对该种基因组DNA扩增，结果表明该种属泰勒虫属原虫确定无疑，并对代表虫种进化和分类的18S rRNA基因序列进行了测定，对已测出该基因1067bp长片断序列与基因库中9种巴贝斯虫，7种已知牛泰勒虫的相应序列进行比较、分，建立起系统发生树。树图表明，瑟氏泰勒虫和水牛泰勒虫的亲缘关系非常近， 中华泰勒虫与这两个种的亲缘关系较近，与附膜泰勒虫、小泰勒虫、环形泰勒虫、斑羚泰勒虫、突变泰勒虫差异较大。     

Labeling of ethnic food in the Prato Chinese community

Ethnic food consumption is a quickly growing reality within Chinese communities, which have a well-organized “internal” food market for both Asian and ethnic foods produced in the European Union. The main problems associated with these markets are related to hygienic conditions, certifications of accomplishment, and personnel management. Moreover, controls and identification of the products are difficult because of cultural and linguistic barriers. In this study, five markets managed by the Chinese were visited, and the conformity of the reported label information found on different kinds of food (prepackaged or loose) was assessed by a collaboration between the Local Authorities of Control of the Prato territory, which hosts the largest Chinese community in Italy, and of native speakers of Chinese. All visited markets presented products (n = 75) with non-conformities: lack of translation (6%) and incomplete/mistaken translation of the commercial name (72%) and place of production (12%). In addition to the legal implications of the observed non-compliances, certain sanitary issues were taken into consideration. In fact, a number of the products that belong to risk categories could be misclassified in a non-risk category. Lastly, missing ingredients or complete alteration of their commercial names may represent health threats in cases of allergen ingestion by allergic or intolerant consumers.

     

Study on some molecular characterization of Babesia orientalis

The study on buffalo babesiosis indicated that its pathogen was different from other Babesia on many aspects such as morphology, transmission and pathogenicity. Therefore, it was named as a new species—Babesia orientalis. In order to prove the validity of this taxon, molecular taxonomic study on the pathogen was done in this experiment. The complete 18S rRNA gene sequence of B. orientalis was determined by PCR. It was sequenced and blasted. The results indicated that the classification of the parasite belonged to the genus Babesia. The 1700 bp complete sequence was compared with 15 other Babesia sp. available in GenBank. The data were analyzed and a phylogenetic tree was established. The results indicated that the hereditary distance of the parasite was close to that of Babesia sp. from South Africa and Babesia ovis, and the hereditary distance was far from Babesia bigemina and B. bovis.     

Molecular taxonomic relationships of Psoroptes and Chorioptes mites from China based on COI and 18S rDNA gene sequences

In this present study, the mitochondrial DNA gene cytochrome coxidase subunit I (COI) and the small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rDNA) gene were used to determine the taxonomic relationships of Psoroptes and Chorioptes mites from China. The neighbor-joining and maximum-parasimony approach were used to evaluate the evolutionary relatedness among different hosts in the genera Psoroptes and Chorioptes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Psoroptes cuniculi and Psoroptes natalensis may be two different species within the genus Psoroptes, and Chorioptes texanus and Chorioptes panda are different species within the genus Chorioptes.     

布鲁菌进化和分类学研究进展

布鲁菌属革兰氏阴性兼性胞内寄生菌,能感染多种宿主动物和人。该属可分为6个典型种,包括羊种、牛种、猪种、沙林鼠种、绵羊附睾种以及犬种布鲁菌等。此分类是基于其致病性以及宿主偏好性的差异划分。尽管6个种通过传统表型试验能区分,但布鲁菌种内采用DNA-DNA杂交证明DNA同源性高度一致（相似性大于90%）。因此有人提议布鲁菌由单一种组成,即布鲁菌属中只有羊种布鲁菌,其他种都是羊种菌的生物亚型之一。然而基于其他分子技术的基因分型表明其DNA多态性表现明显,说明目前对这个种的分型还是比较准确。而最近分离的海洋种布鲁氏菌分离株（鳍型和鲸型）采用传统分型标准和一些特异的分子标记也证明这种分型比较正确。本文对目前布鲁菌种属进化和分类学进行综述,希望对研究其进化和分类有所帮助。