不同化学激活方法对绵羊孤雌生殖胚体外发育的影响

本研究利用常规化学激活剂离子酶素(Ionomycin)和乙醇分别与6-二甲基氨基嘌呤(6-Dimethylaminoputine,6-DMAP)和细胞松弛素B(CB)的不同组合对绵羊卵母细胞的激活后体外发育效果进行了比较。结果表明:在桑囊胚率上,Ionomycin联合6-DMAP与联合6-DMAP CB差异不显著(40.4%vs46.0%),而与联合CB组差异显著(40.4%、46.0%vs 29.5%,p<0.05),与单独Ionomycin激活差异极显著(40.4%、46.0%vs 15%,p<0.01);乙醇联合6-DMAP CB与联合6-DMAP、CB差异显著(46.9%vs 34.2%、36.2%,p<0.05),而与单独乙醇激活差异极显著(46.9%vs 21%,p<0.01)。     

不同培养液及血清浓度对绵羊孤雌生殖胚胎发育的影响

体外成熟的绵羊卵母细胞，经5 μmol/L A23187 5 min和2 mmol/L 6-DMAP 4 h激活后，分别在SOFaa、M-199两种培养液中进行培养，试验比较了SOFaa、M-199液分别添加BSA和不同浓度（10%、20%）胎牛血清对绵羊孤雌生殖胚体外发育的影响。M-199+FCS组的卵裂率显著低于SOFaa+BSA和SOFaa+FCS组（P<0.05），SOFaa+BSA组的囊胚率显著低于M-199+BSA、SOFaa+FCS、M-199+FCS三组（P<0.05）；SOFaa+10% FCS与SOFaa+20% FCS组的卵裂率及囊胚率均无显著差异，M-199+10% FCS和M-199+20% FCS组的卵裂率及囊胚率间均无显著差异。结果表明：SOFaa比M-199更适合绵羊孤雌生殖胚体外发育，此外添加10%的FCS即可达到较好的培养效果。     

牛孤雌生殖胚与体外受精胚体外发育比较

从卵巢采集的卵丘-卵母细胞复合体(COCs)经体外成熟培养24 h后,随机分为2组分别用于孤雌激活与体外受精.在相同培养条件下,比较孤雌生殖胚与体外受精胚的发育率和发育速度.结果表明将牛孤雌生殖胚与体外受精胚分别置于mSOFaa和mBECMaa培养液中培养,卵裂率(89.3%vs.80.1%;83.2%vs.82.5%)、囊胚发育率(27.5%vs.24.0%;28.9%vs.21.9%)和孵化率(58.7%vs.56.7%;51.5%vs.53.3%),均无显著差异(P＞0.05);孤雌生殖胚与体外受精胚在体外发育的速度基本相同.对孤雌生殖胚胎进行培养可以代替体外受精胚胎筛选最佳体外培养系统.     

绵羊裸卵与卵丘-卵母细胞共培养对体外成熟及孤雌发育的影响

本研究探讨了在绵羊卵母细胞体外成熟过程中裸卵(DO)与卵丘-卵母细胞复合体(COCs)共培养对成熟质量及后期发育的影响。试验分3组:对照组(COCs);COCs与DO共培养组(CODO)和裸卵组(DO)。结果表明:对照组中COCs与CODO组中COCs的活率和极体排出率差异均不显著(P>0.05),而CODO组中COCs的极体排出率却显著高于该组中的裸卵(P<0.05);CODO组中裸卵与DO组中裸卵在极体率方面差异不显著(P>0.05),但在活率方面CODO组中的裸卵却显著高于DO组(P<0.05)。虽然3组卵裂率之间差异均不显著(P>0.05),而就囊胚率而言,对照组中COCs与CODO组中COCs之间囊胚率差异不显著(P>0.05),但都显著高于CODO和DO 2组中的裸卵(P<0.05);此外,DO组裸卵的囊胚率显著低于CODO组中的裸卵(P<0.05)。总之,在体外成熟共培养过程中,裸卵对COCs的成熟和后期发育影响不大;而COCs则可以显著提高裸卵的成熟率和后期发育潜力。     

不同胚胎类型对绵羊胚胎移植效果的影响

为了进一步提高并稳定绵羊胚胎移植的效率,本文对影响绵羊胚胎移植效果的胚胎因素进行了分析。结果表明:三种类型胚胎的移植妊娠率,分别为鲜胚组59.46%、自制冻胚组21.43%、进口冻胚组35.48%,鲜胚组与两冻胚组妊娠率差异均显著(P0.05),两冻胚组差异不显著(P0.05)。在绵羊胚胎移植中,原核胚的移植效果远远低于囊胚移植效果。     

白细胞介素和干扰素γ对绵羊体外受精胚胎体外发育影响的研究

利用SOFM 0．8％BSA 1mM谷氨酰胺作为绵羊胚胎的培养液，分别添加LIF、IL—1β、IL—2、IL—6及IFN—γ，以研究LIF、IL—1β、IL—2、IL—6及IFN—γ对绵羊早期胚胎发育的影响。结果说明，LIF促进2—8细胞胚胎发育至桑椹胚，同时也能够促进桑椹胚向扩大囊胚和孵化囊胚发育。但IL—1β、IL—2、IL—6及IFN—γ对绵羊早期胚胎的发育无显著影响。     

成熟液和时间对绵羊体外孤雌胚发育的影响

颗粒细胞在卵母细胞体外成熟和体外受精进程中具有重要的作用,能显著提高卵母细胞体外成熟和体外受精率;但也有研究发现,颗粒细胞存在与否并不影响卵母细胞体外成熟和体外受精率,甚至还可显著降低其体外成熟率和体外受精率.     

氨基酸和半胱胺对绵羊胚胎体外发育的影响

将从绵羊卵巢采集的卵母细胞成熟培养22-24h;成熟卵母细胞去除颗粒细胞,选择排出第一极体的卵母细胞,用5μmol／LA23187（5min）联合2mmol／L 6-DMAP（4h）进行孤雌激活;激活后的卵母细胞在培养液中进行培养。研究氨基酸和半胱胺对绵羊胚胎早期体外发育的影响。结果显示：（1）氨基酸能促进胚胎体外发育,0-24h培养添加抑制卵母细胞的卵裂,24h后培养添加比全过程培养添加更能促进胚胎体外发育;（2）24～72h培养添加必需氨基酸（EAA）,能促进胚胎体外发育;（3）半胱胺添加量0～100μmol／L,随浓度增高各项发育指标呈增高趋势,添加100～200μmol／L,随浓度增高各项发育指标呈下降趋势。     

氨基酸和半胱胺对绵羊胚胎体外发育的影响

将从绵羊卵巢采集的卵母细胞成熟培养22~24h;成熟卵母细胞去除颗粒细胞,选择排出第一极体的卵母细胞,用5μmol/L A23187(5min)联合2mmol/L 6-DMAP(4h)进行孤雌激活;激活后的卵母细胞在培养液中进行培养。研究氨基酸和半胱胺对绵羊胚胎早期体外发育的影响。结果显示:(1)氨基酸能促进胚胎体外发育,0~24h培养添加抑制卵母细胞的卵裂,24h后培养添加比全过程培养添加更能促进胚胎体外发育;(2)24~72h培养添加必需氨基酸(EAA),能促进胚胎体外发育;(3)半胱胺添加量0~100μmol/L,随浓度增高各项发育指标呈增高趋势,添加100~200μmol/L,随浓度增高各项发育指标呈下降趋势。     

Effect of follistatin on pre‐implantational development of pig parthenogenetic embryos

The present study was designed to explore effects of follistatin (FST) on pre‐implantational development of parthenogenetically activated embryos (PAEs) in pigs. First, we investigated the FST messenger RNA expression level and dynamic FST protein expression patterns in porcine oocytes and PAEs. Then, PAEs were placed in embryo culture medium supplemented with 10 ng/mL of FST‐288, FST‐300, and FST‐315. Next, PAEs were cultured with 0, 1, 10 and 100 ng/mL of FST‐315 protein throughout the in vitro culture (IVC) duration. Further, 10 ng/mL of FST‐300 was added from the start of IVC in which PAEs were treated for 30, 48 and 60 h. The results showed that 1 ng/mL FST‐315 could significantly increase the total cell numbers of blastocyst and trophectoderm cell number in PAEs. Exogenous FST‐300 supplementation could significantly promote the early cleavage divisions and improve the blastocyst formation rate of porcine embryos. FST‐300 appeared to affect early embryonic development before activation of the embryonic genome. In all, the study confirmed for the first time that FST plays a role in promoting early embryonic development in pigs, which differed with different FST subtypes. FST‐300 could facilitate the initial cleavage time and improve the blastocyst formation rate, and FST‐315 could improve the blastocyst quality.     

培养液及血清浓度对山羊孤雌胚胎体外培养的影响

试验比较了在SOFaa，CRlaa，mCRlaa3种培养液中添加不同浓度的成年山羊血清(NGS)对山羊孤雌胚胎进行体外培养的效果。结果表明：在3种培养液中，添加10％的NGS对山羊孤雌胚胎的体外发育效果较好，囊胚率分别可达62．79％(81／129)、53．52%(38／71)、13．64％(12／88)；mCRlaa组囊胚发育率和囊胚细胞数显著低于SOFaa组和CRlaa组，SOFaa组优于CRlaa组．但SOFaa组和CRlaa组间无显著差异。在现有试验条件下，以在SOFaa培养液中．山羊孤雌胚胎的体外培养的第72小时时加入10％的NGS的发育效果较好，囊胚率可达62．79％。     

Effects of activation methods on DNA synthesis and development of parthenogenetic porcine embryos

This study investigated the timing of DNA synthesis and patterns of pronuclear (PN) formation during the first cell cycle, and its influence on developmental competence, velocity and proliferation index of porcine parthenote blastocysts produced by different activation treatments. Oocytes were activated as follows: electrical stimulation (EST), EST combined with 7.5 μg/ml cytochalasin B (EST + CCB), 10 μg/ml cycloheximide (EST + CHX) and 1.9 mm 6-dimethylaminopurine (EST + 6-DMAP) for 3 h. DNA synthesis and PN formation were evaluated using 1 mm 5'bromo-2'deoxy-uridne (BrdU) at 2 h intervals from 1 to 13 h or 5 to 13 h of post-activation (hpa), respectively. In EST, DNA synthesis started at 3 hpa, reached the peak at 11 hpa and decreased at 13 hpa. Treatment with 6-DMAP resulted in an early increase of DNA synthesis at 3 hpa, whereas CCB delayed DNA synthesis for 2 h. In EST and EST + 6-DMAP, most of the eggs showed 1PN, whereas, incidence of 2PN in EST + CCB was higher than 1PN. EST + CHX was observed with 1PN, 2PN and multiple PN. Blastocyst rate in EST + CCB and EST + 6-DMAP were significantly (p<0.05) higher than EST + CHX. But, the developmental velocity was not different among groups. Proliferation index of blastocysts, as indicated the number of blastomere at S-phase of the cell cycle was low in all groups. In conclusion, CCB, CHX and 6-DMAP used for producing porcine parthenogenetic embryos induced different onset of DNA synthesis and PN, but they did not affect the subsequent embryo development.     

Effects of ghrelin on in vitro development of porcine in vitro fertilized and parthenogenetic embryos

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of addition of ghrelin to in vitro culture medium on preimplantation development of porcine in vitro fertilized and parthenogenetic embryos. In Experiment 1, we sought to compare the in vitro developmental competence of IVF and parthenogenetic embryos. No significant (P<0.05) differences were detected for cleavage rate or blastocyst rate between the in vitro fertilization (IVF)- and parthenogenetic activation-derived embryos. In Experiment 2, parthenogenetic embryos were cultured in Porcine Zygote Medium-3 containing various concentrations of ghrelin. The blastocyst rate was remarkably (P<0.05) increased when 5 ng/ml (PA-5) and 500 ng/ml (PA-500) of ghrelin was added to in vitro culture medium compared with the other groups. Total cell number per blastocyst was slightly promoted in the ghrelin treatment groups compared with the controls. However, the ratio of inner cell mass (ICM) cell number/total cell number was significantly reduced in the PA-50 group compared with the controls (P<0.05). In Experiment 3, we cultured in vitro fertilized embryos in Porcine Zygote Medium-3 supplemented with ghrelin at different dosages. The rate of blastocyst formation was markedly (P<0.05) elevated when 500 ng/ml ghrelin was added to culture medium (IVF-500) compared with the controls. Increased total cell numbers (P<0.05) were observed when in vitro fertilized embryos were cultured in IVF-50 and IVF-500 compared with the controls. However, the ratio of ICM cell number/total cell number was decreased in the ghrelin treatment groups compared with the controls (P<0.05). Taken together, the results suggest that ghrelin can enhance blastocyst formation of porcine in vitro fertilized and parthenogenetic embryos while exerting a negative effect on the structural integrity of the blastocysts.     

Ghrelin对水牛体外受精和孤雌激活胚胎体外发育的影响

本研究的目的是探讨Ghrelin对水牛体外受精和孤雌激活胚胎体外发育的影响.体外成熟的水牛卵母细胞经体外受精或离子霉素孤雌激活后.分别在舍0,0.5,5,50和500 μg/L Ghrelin的培养液中进行体外培养,观察各组胚胎的卵裂率和囊胚率.结果显示,在培养液中添加不同浓度的Ghrelin对体外受精和孤雌激活胚胎的卵裂率均无显著影响(P>0.05),但添加500 μg/L的Ghrelin显著提高体外受精胚胎的囊胚发育率(33.5% vs 13.7%,P<0.05),50 μg/L或500 μg/L的Ghrelin均显著提高孤雌激活胚胎的囊胚发育率(32.4%和34.6% vs 14.5%,P<0.05).结果表明,培养液中添加Ghrelin对胚胎的早期卵裂没有影响,但可促进水牛体外受精和孤雌激活胚胎囊胚的形成.     

四种培养液对牦牛孤雌胚胎发育的影响

为探讨不同培养液对牦牛早期胚胎发育的影响,本试验将经过孤雌激活后的牦牛卵母细胞分别置于m SOF,G1/G2,CR1aa和CR1aa颗粒细胞共培养四种体外培养液中进行体外培养。结果表明,四种培养液对胚胎的卵裂率影响差异不显著,CR1aa和CR1aa颗粒细胞共培养组的囊胚率显著高于m SOF和G1/G2组,CR1aa和CR1aa颗粒细胞共培养组的囊胚率之间没有显著差异,但是CR1aa颗粒细胞共培养组的囊胚孵化率显著高于CR1aa组,说明CR1aa颗粒细胞共培养可作为较为合适的牦牛早期胚胎培养液。     

细胞松弛素B对水牛体细胞核移植效果的影响

以水牛耳皮成纤维细胞为供体细胞,采用电融合方法,探讨细胞松弛素B(CB)对水牛体细胞核移植效果的影响.体外成熟培养22～24 h的水牛卵母细胞去核后.将经0.1 mg/L Aphidicolin(APD)+0.5%FBS培养2～9 d的水牛耳皮成纤维细胞注射到卵周隙中再经电融合(100 V/mm,15μs,电脉冲3次)构建核移植重构胚.重构胚经化学激活后(5 μmol/L)离子霉素5 min,2 mmol/L 6-DMAP 3 h)培养,7～9 d评定其胚胎发育能力.结果显示,在含CB(3 mg/L)的融合液中进行电融合后,核移植的融合率、重组胚的存活率、卵裂率和囊胚率与对照组(不含CB)相比均无显著差异(P>0.05);核移植重组胚激活前用含CB(6 mg/L)的培养液培养1 h,其激活后的存活率(97.52%)和体外囊胚发育率(22.09%)均显著地高于未经CB处理的重组胚的存活率(93.87%)和囊胚率(13.25%,P<0.05);重组胚经离子霉素激活5 min后,在6-DMAP+CB中培养3 h的分裂率明显低于放在6-DMAP中培养3 h的分裂率(65.37% vs 78.92%,P<0.05),但囊胚发育率无显著差异(11.19% vs 10.96%,P>0.05).这表明水牛体细胞核移植电融合时,融合液中不添加CB,而核移植重组胚激活前经CB培养处理后,有利于胚胎的进一步发育,但激活后用CB培养处理会降低胚胎的发育率.     

黄淮白山羊孤雌胚胎的体外培养

采用离子霉素和6-DMAP对黄淮白山羊体外成熟卵母细胞进行联合激活,分别在不同的培养体系进行体外培养,观察孤雌胚胎的发育情况。培养体系分别为:无共培养条件下,M199(10?S)、CR1aa和HTF P1;颗粒细胞共培养条件下,CR1aa、HTF P1和SOFaa。结果发现,无共培养条件下,CR1aa和HTF P1组孤雌胚胎的卵裂率显著高于M199组(P<0.05),但3组均未有囊胚;共培养条件下,HTF P1组的卵裂率显著高于CR1aa和SOFaa组(P<0.05),而CR1aa组的囊胚率却显著高于其他2组(P<0.05)。综合试验结果说明,CR1aa联合颗粒细胞共培养能够获得较好的培养效果,适用于山羊孤雌胚胎的体外培养。     

胎牛血清对猪孤雌胚早期体外发育的影响

探讨了在猪孤雌胚体外发育的第3、4、5、6天分别添加胎牛血清(FCS)对孤雌胚发育能力的影响.结果,在体外培养的第5,6天添加10%FCS组得到的囊胚率和囊胚孵化率最高,第5天添加FCS组的囊胚细胞数最多.结果表明,FCS可以促进猪孤雌胚胎的早期体外发育.     

不同激活方法对小鼠卵母细胞孤雌发育及二倍体形成的影响

卵母细胞的孤雌激活是研究哺乳动物受精机制和发育机理的有效方法,也是细胞核移植、显微注射受精技术、孤雌胚胎干细胞等研究内容中的重要环节。本试验分别用乙醇、SrCl2、钙离子载体A23187对小鼠卵母细胞进行单独孤雌激活,并分别与6-DMAP联合运用,对小鼠卵母细胞进行联合孤雌激活。结果显示：（1）不同激活剂单独或联合激活,对卵母细胞的激活率有显著影响（P〈0.05）,SrCl2组的激活率最高（92%～94%）;（2）相同激活剂对卵母细胞孤雌囊胚的发育率在单独激活组（SrCl2组,18%）和联合激活组（SrCl2＋6-DMA组,53%）中存在显著差异（P〈0.05）;（3）相同激活剂对卵母细胞二倍体率在单独激活组（钙离子载体A23187组,21%）和联合激活组（钙离子载体A23187＋6-DMA组,77%）中均存在显著差异（P〈0.05）。结果表明：（1）SrCl2可以对小鼠卵母细胞进行有效的孤雌激活;（2）联合激活法可以显著提高孤雌卵母细胞的囊胚发育率;3、6-DMAP可以抑制第二极体排出,显著提高孤雌激活卵母细胞的二倍体率。