DIARRHOEA IN PIGLETS INOCULATED WITH ROTAVIRUS

A rotavirus isolated from a field outbreak of diarrhoea in artificially reared piglets was purified, filtered and administered orally to gnotobiotic and conventional piglets. Four successive passages of the virus in gnotobiotic piglets produced severe diarrhoea within 20 to 24 hours of administration. The diarrhoea lasted several days causing dehydration, emaciation, loss of body weight and some deaths. Virus was demonstrated in the faeces of the infected piglets by electron microscopy. Conventionally reared piglets developed little or no diarrhoea when given virus, whereas artificially reared piglets developed moderate to severe diarrhoea which lasted from 3 to 8 days with some deaths. No clinical disease was obvious in surviving piglets following challenge with the virus 10 or 17 days after initial infections.     

CHANGES IN INTESTINAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF NEONATAL CALVES INFECTED WITH REOVIRUS-LIKE AGENT AND ESCHERICIA COLI

Measurements of villus/crypt length ratio and mucosal beta-galactosidase activity were made on calves less than 3 weeks of age which had diarrhoea associated with reovirus-like agent and E. coli. In calves with diarrhoea, the villus/crypt length ratios at all sites examined along the small intestine were less than in normal calves of similar age. This was attributed to a reduction in length of vili in calves infected with the reovirus-like agent. The activity of mucosal beta-galactosidase in the intestine of calves with diarrhoea was less than in normal calves, at all sites examined. A relationship existed between beta-galactosidase activity in vitro and lactose hydrolysis in vivo. It was concluded that calves with diarrhoea associated with reovirus-like agent, have a reduced ability to utilize dietary lactose.     

断奶日龄对仔猪胰腺和肠道中胰蛋白酶活性的影响

将12窝三元杂交仔猪随机分为4组即第一、二、三和四组 ,分别于17、21、28和35日龄断奶 ,测定断奶前后胰腺组织和十二指肠、空肠、回肠的食糜及粘膜中胰蛋白酶的相对活性、比活和总活性。结果发现在哺乳期胰腺胰蛋白酶的活性比较稳定 ,断奶后除了第四组外 ,相对活性均降低。其中第一组在降低后3周内无回升 ,第二组在降低后2周开始回升 ,第三组在降低后1周开始回升。胰蛋白酶的比活在断奶后除了第一组降低外(P>0.05) ,其它各组均不降低。断奶前后胰腺胰蛋白酶总活性均随日龄增加(P<0.05)。空肠胰蛋白酶活性在哺乳期较为稳定 ,其断奶后的动态变化表明 :断奶日龄早于28日龄时 ,断奶后1周这种酶的活性降低 ,而28、35日龄断奶 ,断奶后这种酶的活性不受影响 ,而且断奶日龄越早 ,降低后恢复的时间越长。日龄和断奶对十二指肠和回肠胰蛋白酶的活性无明显影响。     

饲粮蛋白质水平对早期断奶仔猪大肠蛋白质腐败作用和腹泻的影响

选５７头２８日龄断奶仔猪（平均体重约４．５ｋｇ），研究饲粮粗蛋白质（ＣＰ）水平对早期断奶仔猪大肠蛋白质腐败作用和腹泻的影响。结果显示：（１）饲粮ＣＰ水平分别与仔猪的ＣＰ、未消化ＣＰ日摄入量，结肠内容物中大肠杆菌、挥发性盐基氮（ＶＢＮ）和氨氮（ＡＮ）含量，以及腹泻指数之间存在显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）或极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）的正相关。（２）结肠内容物中ＶＢＮ和ＡＮ含量分别与仔猪腹泻指数呈显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）的正相关。（３）饲粮ＣＰ水平分别与盲肠内容物中ＶＢＮ和ＡＮ含量之间的相关关系不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。（４）随着饲粮ＣＰ水平的升高，仔猪结肠组织病理变化亦增加。（５）与ＣＰ２０．４％的全植物蛋白型饲粮和ＣＰ１９．２％的复合蛋白型饲粮比较，低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮（ＣＰ１６．５％）可有效地降低仔猪结肠内容物中ＶＢＮ和ＡＮ含量及腹泻指数。试验表明，饲粮ＣＰ水平对结肠蛋白质腐败作用可产生显著的影响。随着饲粮ＣＰ水平的升高，结肠内蛋白质腐败、结肠组织病理变化和仔猪腹泻指数均有增加。平衡饲粮氨基酸使ＣＰ水平降低可减少结肠内蛋白质的腐败和仔猪断奶后腹泻。     

日粮添加谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪小肠酶的影响

选用大长北仔猪40头 ,21日龄断奶 ,随机分为试验组和对照组。按等氮等能的原则配制日粮 ,试验组日粮添加1.2 %的谷氨酰胺。分别在35日龄和49日龄每组屠宰5头性别相同的仔猪 ,以研究日粮添加谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪小肠酶的影响。试验结果表明 ,日粮添加谷氨酰胺可缓解仔猪49日龄时小肠乳糖酶活性的降低 ;可显著增加35日龄和49日龄十二指肠粘膜和组织中亮氨酰氨基肽酶的活性 ;35日龄时试验组仔猪空肠亮氨酰氨基肽酶的活性也明显增加 ,但与对照组相比差异不显著 ;49日龄时试验组仔猪空肠亮氨酰氨基肽酶的活性与对照组无明显差异 ;仔猪回肠亮氨酰氨基肽酶的活性无论在35天和49天都无显著的变化。日粮添加谷氨酰胺可增加肠道亮氨酰氨基肽酶的活性 ,对乳糖酶和碱性磷酸酶活性无明显的影响     

断奶日龄对仔猪肠道黏膜水解酶及其上皮间淋巴细胞和杯状细胞数的影响

本研究选用了12窝0～56天仔猪,随机等分成17、21、28、35天断奶4个处理组(处理1、2、3和4),每处理3个重复,每重复1窝仔猪。试验期间,实行三阶段饲养,7天开始补饲,7～28、29～42、42～56天分别采食日粮I、II、III。处理1、2、3、4分别于18、22、28、36,22、28、36、43,28、36、43、50和18、22、28、36、43、50天剖杀,每次每个重复1头,共计54头。剖杀取得的十二指肠、空肠前段、空肠后段和回肠样品用于测定仔猪肠黏膜水解酶、糖原和上皮间淋巴细胞(IEL)、杯状细胞(GC)数。结果表明:处理1、2仔猪小肠黏膜碱性磷酸酶活性低于处理3、4同周龄仔猪;随着周龄增加,仔猪小肠黏膜α-醋酸萘酯酶活性增强,至5周龄时达到高峰;断奶越早,仔猪十二指肠腺及肠腺糖原阳性反应较弱。仔猪小肠各段IELs处理3显著高于其它3组(P<0.05),而处理2则显著低于其它3组(P<0.05)。断奶越早、日龄越小的仔猪肠GCs显著升高(P<0.05)。     

结症马的血流动力学初探

用无创伤性血流动力学方法对患结症的马进行了探讨,结果表明病马有不同程度的血流动力学异常。表现在SV、SI、VPE、LVWI、PP、FEK、MHR的明显降低(p<0.01～0.05)和PAWP、TPR、MPT的明显升高(0.01～0.05),说明患结症的马存在着心脏功能的异常和血液循环障碍。     

断乳前后乳猪消化道(胰、小肠内容物)几种消化酶活性变化的研究

测定乳猪胰脏、小肠内容物中淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶的活性以观察年龄对其影响。10头乳猪从21、28、35、42、49日龄分别被屠宰，乳猪在28日龄断奶。胰、小肠内容物中的淀粉酶，胰蛋白酶和胰凝乳蛋白酶的总活性从21日龄至35日龄均呈逐渐上升趋势；35日龄后出现下降，断奶可能会造成多数消化酶的活性降低。但随着进食刺激则酶活会很快恢复并呈上升趋势。     

仔猪伪狂犬病的病理学研究

实验用三周龄健康哺乳仔猪18头,随机分为三组,以三种接种途径(脑内注射、滴鼻和肌肉注射)、不同剂量感染三株伪狂犬病毒株(PrV-S、Pry-闽A和PrV-Shope)。发病仔猪于体温升高至41～12℃后反复出现神经症状。尸体剖检除脑膜充血水肿外,一些病例肺和肝出现小的坏死灶。病理组织学变化主要为淋巴细胞性脑膜脑脊髓炎和神经节的神经元广泛变性坏死。在大脑、神经节、扁桃体、肺和淋巴结发现核内包涵体。     

不同毒力的猪轮状病毒感染仔猪后肠道病理学观察

用通过MA104细胞培养,经不同代次后,两种毒力不同的猪轮状病毒细胞毒,口服感染未吮初乳的1日龄仔猪,于29.5或48小时后宰杀,作消化道病理学及电镜超微结构变化的比较观察,结果证明,两种细胞毒,毒力虽不同,但都能侵入肠上皮细胞生长繁殖,而所引起的病理变化,则有不同。MA86F23细胞毒(强毒)能引起小肠段大量绒毛变形、脱落,绒毛固有层充血、出血、有嗜中性白细胞浸润,粘膜下水肿和充血等炎症反应。而口服MA86F90细胞毒(弱毒)的乳猪,其小肠绒毛大部分还保持完整,仅有少部分脱落,肠粘膜及肠腺分泌亢进,此外,在粘膜下见有多个淋巴细胞呈结节状增生。所设健康对照猪,基本无变化。     

MULTICENTRIC LYMPHOMA WITH INTESTINAL INVOLVEMENT IN A DOG

A 5-year-old, male German shepherd dog was evaluated for a 5-week history of vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and weight loss. In abdominal radiographs, there was an unusual corrugated appearance within a loop of intestine. Sonographically, this loop also had a similar corrugated appearance with alternating hyperechoic and hypoechoic bands. Lymph nodes within the abdomen and thorax were enlarged, and a thoracic mass was also detected. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirates of the mesenteric lymph nodes were highly suggestive of lymphoma. After postmortem examination, a diagnosis of multicentric lymphoma with involvement of the gastrointestinal tract was made.     

EX VIVO CORRELATION OF ULTRASONOGRAPHIC SMALL INTESTINAL WALL LAYERING WITH HISTOLOGY IN DOGS

Canine ultrasonographic intestinal layers have been reported to correlate with histological layering. However, discrepancies have been reported in people, and additional layers visualized. The aim of this method comparison study was to describe ex vivo canine small intestinal layering and correlate it with histology. Small intestinal samples of 12 adult dogs euthanized for reasons unrelated to gastrointestinal disease were resected immediately following euthanasia, pinned on a Petri dish, and transverse ultrasonographic images acquired in a water bath, using a high‐frequency linear transducer. Transverse histological sections were obtained at the same level. Measurements of the intestinal layers were performed on the ultrasonographic and histological images. No significant statistical differences were noted between the ultrasonographic and histological measurements and strong to very strong (r > 0.7) positive correlation was observed for all layers, except for the serosa, which had a low moderate positive correlation (r = 0.479). In addition to the five established layers, a dual mucosal echogenicity was consistently observed, with seven samples presenting an additional inner mucosal severe hyperechogenicity. Histologically, this dual echogenicity was attributed to the intestinal villi (mildly echogenic) and lamina propria (hypoechoic). The additional inner mucosal severe hyperechogenicity observed in seven samples was attributed to mild‐to‐moderate lacteal dilation histologically. In 4/12 ileal samples, an additional hyperechoic mucosal line was also observed parallel to the submucosa, corresponding histologically to prominent Peyer's patches. Finally, a hyperechoic line was observed within the muscularis of all samples, corresponding histologically to the interface between the muscularis longitudinal and circular layers .