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8种杀菌剂防治葡萄霜霉病田间药效试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
比较了8种杀菌剂对葡萄霜霉病的防治效果。结果表明:烯酰吗啉.甲霜灵30%水分散粒剂600倍液、烯酰吗啉40%悬浮剂600倍液、甲霜.锰锌72%水分散粒剂400倍液、嘧菌酯25%悬浮剂1 500倍液以及氯化十二烷基苄基铵10%水剂1 000倍液对葡萄霜霉病的防治效果良好,显著优于传统药剂三乙膦酸铝80%水分散粒剂500倍液、代森锰锌80%可湿性粉剂800倍液、丙森锌70%可湿性粉剂400倍液。其中,烯酰吗啉.甲霜灵30%水分散粒剂600倍液效果尤佳。 相似文献
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1 黄瓜病虫害1.1 霜霉病 百菌清烟剂(发病前使用),72%霜脲锰锌(克霜氰、克露)可湿性粉剂600~800倍液,72.2%普力克水剂800~1000倍液,90%疫霜灵可湿性粉剂600~800倍液,77%可杀得可湿性粉剂500~600倍液,25%瑞毒霉可湿性粉剂600~800倍液,58%瑞毒霉锰锌可湿性粉剂600~800倍液,50%甲霜铜可湿性粉剂600~700倍液,50%代森铵水剂800~1000倍液等。1.2 灰霉病 速克灵烟剂及百菌清烟剂(发病前使用),65%甲霉灵可湿性粉剂1000倍液,50%多霉灵可湿性粉剂1000倍液,50%速克灵可湿性粉剂1000倍液,50%扑海因可湿性粉剂1000倍液,50%克霉灵可湿性粉剂1… 相似文献
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试验表明50%烯酰吗啉等九种杀菌剂对马铃薯晚疫病发病初期均有好的防效,药后7d防效均在81.5%以上。在马铃薯晚疫病初期施药,各药剂防效差异明显。第2次用药后7d,50%烯酰吗啉水分散粒剂、70%丙森锌可湿性粉剂、60%吡唑醚菌酯/代森联水分散粒剂、72%霜脲·锰锌可湿性粉剂对马铃薯晚疫病防治效果在83%以上,且最后增产效果均在40%以上。而70%甲基硫茵灵可湿性粉剂等其它5种药剂的防病效果只在70%左右,增产幅度也低。各药剂对马铃薯安全,无药害表现。建议向农民首推50%烯酰吗啉水分散粒剂防治马铃薯晚疫病,其次是72%霜脲·锰锌可湿性粉剂、70%丙森锌可湿性粉剂和60%吡唑醚菌酯/代森联水分散粒剂。 相似文献
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近年,在云南省瑞丽市柠檬上发生一种严重的苗期新病害,该病害主要危害柠檬苗的嫩叶、嫩梢和茎,症状表现为褐色叶斑,枝梢枯,严重时植株叶片全部脱落,甚至整株干枯而死。本研究从柠檬苗的病叶和茎上分离得到23株菌株。对病原菌的培养性状、形态特征的观察表明,这些菌株都属于疫霉属棕榈疫霉。致病性测定证明,该菌为柠檬苗疫病的病原菌。采用生长速率抑制法测定了7种杀菌剂对该病菌的菌丝生长抑制作用,并测定其中4种杀菌剂对该病菌的毒力。结果表明:68%精甲霜.锰锌水分散粒剂、50%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂和68.75%氟吡菌胺.霜霉威悬浮剂3种杀菌剂对病菌菌丝生长的抑制效果较好,抑菌率在90%左右。毒力测定结果表明,68%精甲霜.锰锌水分散粒剂、68.75%氟吡菌胺.霜霉威悬浮剂、50%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂和64%噁霜.锰锌可湿性粉剂的有效中浓度(EC50)分别为121.372、133.392、133.833mg/L和814.071mg/L,其中68%精甲霜.锰锌水分散粒剂有效中浓度最低,相对抑制效果最好。4种药剂的相关系数均在0.92以上,表明药剂浓度与抑制作用呈现较高的相关性。 相似文献
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[目的]为对比化学杀菌剂、木霉及杀菌剂与木霉组配制剂对辣椒疫病的防控效果.[方法]通过田间药效试验,测试了50%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂、687.5 g/L氟菌·霜霉威悬浮剂两种杀菌剂,木霉及两杀菌剂分别与木霉的复配制剂对辣椒疫病的防控效果及持效性.[结果]烯酰吗啉与氟菌·霜霉威药后7 d对辣椒疫病的防治效果显著高于木霉,药后21 d的防治效果与木霉无显著差异.烯酰吗啉、氟菌·霜霉威分别与木霉复配后,其药后7 d对辣椒疫病的防治效果与两种杀菌剂单剂无显著差异,药后21 d的防治效果显著高于两种杀菌剂单剂及木霉.[结论]烯酰吗啉、氟菌·霜霉威分别与木霉复配能显著提高对辣椒疫病持效性且未降低其速效性,因此可以在辣椒疫病防治中推广应用. 相似文献
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1 试验目的
明确氢氧化铜77%可湿性粉剂、霜霉威盐酸盐72.2%可湿性粉剂、霜脲·锰锌72%可湿性粉剂、精甲霜·锰锌68%水分散粒剂、氟菌·霜霉威687.5g/L悬浮剂、甲霜·锰锌58%可湿性粉剂对马铃薯晚疫病的防治效果及对作物的安全性.为大田生产提供依据。 相似文献
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Christopher D. Keating Lindy M. Holden-Dye Robert J. Walker 《Pest management science》1996,46(3):263-266
The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway. 相似文献
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为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。 相似文献
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Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
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棉花黄萎病菌致病型的AFLP分析 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
选用41个棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)代表菌系,在温室条件下,对4个棉花品种鄂荆1号(感)、中棉所12(耐)、文-5(抗)和唐棉2号(抗)进行致病性测定,结果可将供试菌系分为落叶型与非落叶型2类。选取8对AFLP引物PCR扩增的结果中,统计带型稳定、清晰且有多态性的条带,共169条作系统聚类分析,将上述菌系分为2大类,第一类为非落叶型菌系,包括10个非落叶型菌系和1个过渡菌系;第二类为30个落叶型菌系。根据聚类分析建立树状图,发现菌系与地理来源存在一定的相关性,而依据菌系致病力强弱分类则相关关系不大。选用25对EcoRⅠ和MseⅠ引物组合,对供试的41个V.dahliae进行AFLP扩增,筛选到2对引物E64(GACTGCGTACCAATTCGAC)、M53(GATGAGTCCTGAGTAACCG)和E49(GACTGCGTACCAATTCCAG)、M65(GAT-GAGTCCTGAGTAAGAG),能分别扩增出433bp和110bp2条仅为V.dahliae非落叶型菌系独有的特异片段,可将落叶型与非落叶型菌系分开,这2条特异片段被命名为EM433和EM110。 相似文献
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调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物(源)农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d(2.2 mg/g)、1.393 d(2.2 mg/g)和6.645 d(40.0×107孢子/g)、4.940 d(2.0×107孢子/g), 这两种生物(源)农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。 相似文献
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The mode of action of the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well-known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 microM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide-resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition. 相似文献
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Sj J. Gerbrandy 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(5):269-276
The variability of dormancy of sclerotia of ten isolates ofSclerotium cepivorum was investigated. Of all isolates tested, the freshly harvested sclerotia were dormant. After drying for 48 hours the sclerotia of six isolates were able to germinate, two isolates stayed dormant and two isolates were infested by hyperparasitic fungi. After storage in soil at 5°C or 20°C, the sclerotia of the different isolates exhibited considerable differences in respect to germination capability, but all isolates showed highest germination after a treatment of 8 weeks at 20°C followed by 8 weeks at 5°C. The sclerotia of all isolates showed an increased capacity to germinate withoutAllium extracts at 10°C after pretreatment at 30°C for 28 days. 相似文献