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杂交不亲和糯玉米自交系主要性状的配合力分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用不完全双列杂交NCⅡ设计,以3个改良Ga糯玉米自交系为父本,与8个糯玉米自交系进行杂交。对24个杂交组合进行农艺性状鉴定,分析Ga糯玉米自交系主要农艺性状的配合力效应。结果表明:父、母本各性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力效应均达极显著差异。Ga糯玉米自交系具有良好的配合力,其中CM327的一般配合力效应比较高,其组配的杂交种在产量、穗长、行粒数等性状上具有明显优势,具有很好的杂优利用潜力。Ga糯玉米自交系的选育利用有助于糯玉米种质的扩增与杂种优势的利用。 相似文献
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超级标杂棉的选育实践 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
借鉴玉米选育自交系配制杂交种的理论 ,1 983年我们开始选育棉花自交系 ,经过南繁北育 2 0代的自交纯合 ,于 1 994年选育成功具有超鸡脚叶、无腺体两个遗传标记性状的棉花自交系 Y2 -2 ,利用Y2 -2 配制杂交种 ,1 995年选配成功标记杂交棉。标记杂交棉经过 6年的试验示范 ,累计面积达到 7万公顷以上 ,优势表现突出 ,并总结出了宽行、稀植、简化整枝的栽培技术体系。大田生产一般皮棉产量每公顷在 1 5 0 0~ 1 875 kg,高产地块达 2 62 5 kg左右。在此基础上于 1 998年春提出了超级标杂棉的选育研究。经过 4年的实践 ,取得了可喜进展。1超级标… 相似文献
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玉米杂交种种子生产是杂种优势利用的继续和发展。种子质量直接影响玉米杂种优势增产潜力的发挥。赵增煜等 (1980~ 1981)研究表明 ,在规定的种子等级范围内 ,玉米杂株率每增加 1% ,每公顷减产 2 4 2 3kg。山东省农科院玉米所实验表明 :玉米杂交种产量 (Y)与种子杂株率 (X)的回归方程为 :Y=931 1- 8 165X ,即F1玉米杂交种的典型性每降低 1% ,每公顷减产 61 2 3kg ;亲本自交系的杂株率与其F1杂交种产量的相关系数r =0 82 1,亲本自交系的杂株率降低 1% ,F1杂交种每公顷减产 72 7kg ,二者回归方程为 :Y =90 7 6- 9 695X。玉… 相似文献
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热带、亚热带玉米种质在北方早熟春玉米育种中的利用研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
试验选用地方常用自交系甸骨11A、红玉米、长3、Mo17(未改良自交系)和导入热带玉米种质选育的8份自交系(改良自交系),每份改良自交系分别选定2个测验种,配制16个杂交种(改良杂交种),未改良系与选定2个测验种组配的杂交种(未改良杂交种)作为改良杂交种的相邻对照,对比法设计。改良自交系和未改良自交系、改良杂交种和未改良杂交种的性状观测值作为一对数据,按成对资料统计方法分析,t测验。结果表明:甸骨11A导入Suwan1、5-56的改良自交系与红玉米杂种优势较高,红玉米导入Suwan1、EVT5的改良自交系与甸骨11A杂种优势较高,长3导入Suwan1、墨黄9的改良自交系与海014的杂种优势较高。改良自交系主要性状变化表现为生育时期延后、单株产量增加。未改良自交系熟期越早,改良自交系及改良杂交种生育时期延后时间越长,改良自交系单株产量增加幅度越大。改良自交系及其改良杂交种的玉米大斑病、茎腐病的抗性有了较大提高。 相似文献
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Systemic and asymptomatic Neotyphodium fungal endophytes infect numerous species of the Poaceae. The frequencies of Neotyphodium endophyte infection in Finland were investigated among and within seven Nordic cultivars of meadow fescue, Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv., which is a widely grown pasture and forage grass species in Scandinavia. The cultivars were Kasper, Salten, Antti, Fure, Ilmari, Inkeri and Kalevi. Frequencies of infection of cultivars varied from endophyte-free cultivar Fure to highly infected cultivar Inkeri [mean (standard deviation of mean) of 0·95 (0·023)]. Mean frequencies of infection of three cultivars remained lower than 0·10, and two of the cultivars, Kasper and Salten, were intermediately infected. In most of the cultivars, frequencies of infection varied only slightly among seed lots. In cultivar Kasper, however, the frequency of endophyte infection was highly variable (0–0·96) among the 45 seed lots examined. The relative importance of cultivar, seed lot and infection by Neotyphodium endophyte to the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. was studied experimentally, using both endophyte-free and endophyte-infected plants of four seed lots of the two intermediately infected cultivars. Endophyte infection increased plant resistance to R. padi , overriding the influences of seed lot and cultivar. It is proposed that variation caused by endophyte infections in cultivars of meadow fescue should be taken into account in assessing plant breeding programmes in Europe. 相似文献
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Quynh-Hoa Pham Xuan-An Tran Thi-Nha-Trang Nguyen Thi-Thuy-Anh Tran Hai-Yen Hoang Thi-Hong-Van Nguyen Thi-Hanh Tang Thi-Phuc Do 《水稻科学》2016,23(6):334
Rice(Oryza sativa) is sensitive to salinity, but the salt tolerance level differs among cultivars, which might result from natural variations in the genes that are responsible for salt tolerance. High-affinity potassium transporter(HKTs) has been proven to be involved in salt tolerance in plants. Therefore, we screened for natural nucleotide polymorphism in the coding sequence of Os HKT1, which encodes the HKT protein in eight Vietnamese rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance level. In total, seven nucleotide substitutions in coding sequence of Os HKT1 were found, including two non-synonymous and five synonymous substitutions. Further analysis revealed that these two non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions(G50T and T1209A) caused changes in amino acids(Gly17Val and Asp403Glu) at signal peptide and the loop of the sixth transmembrane domain, respectively. To assess the potential effect of these substitutions on the protein function, the 3D structure of HKT protein variants was modelled by using PHYRE2 webserver. The results showed that no difference was observed when compared those predicted 3D structure of HKT protein variants with each other. In addition, the codon bias of synonymous substitutions cannot clearly show correlation with salt tolerance level. It might be interesting to further investigate the functional roles of detected non-synonymous substitutions as it might correlate to salt tolerance in rice. 相似文献
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试验以5个生产用马铃薯品种脱毒试管苗为材料,采用组织培养的方法,初步研究了茎切段在正常磷及低磷培养基中生长30 d时幼苗的磷营养效率差异,为筛选出适宜于生产用的磷高效马铃薯品种奠定了基础。试验结果表明,5个马铃薯品种幼苗在正常磷和低磷胁迫下对磷素的吸收和利用能力均存在明显的基因型差异。利用各品种幼苗的磷效率指标(植株干重、鲜重、吸磷量、磷利用效率)的相对指标(低磷处理的结果/正常磷处理的结果×100)进行聚类分析(类平均法)的结果表明,大白和I-1035属于磷高效基因型品种,中农Ⅷ是磷低效基因型品种,凉薯97和疫不加则属于中间类型品种。 相似文献
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我国香蕉深加工问题探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
发展香蕉深加工是发展香蕉产业的重要途径。本文阐述香蕉的营养价值和经济价值,综述香蕉深加工研究进展,指出香蕉深加工中存在的问题,并提出发展对策。 相似文献
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采用倒置“W”9点取样法对新疆亚麻主栽区——伊犁地区亚麻田进行了杂草调查。结果表明伊犁地区亚麻田的杂草有15科26种,单子叶杂草狗尾草、稗草、野燕麦,双子叶杂草灰绿藜、卷茎蓼的相对多度在20以上,是亚麻田杂草的优势种群。 相似文献