玉米蛋白粉替代部分鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾摄食量、生长和肌肉成分的影响

以凡纳滨对虾幼虾[体重(0.013 6±0.001 0)g]为试验对象,以鱼粉、豆粕、肉粉和花生粕为蛋白源配制对照饲料,用玉米蛋白粉替代部分鱼粉配制3种与对照饲料等氮、等能的试验饲料,其中玉米蛋白粉用量为5%、10%和15%,分别替代鱼粉8.6%、17.2%和25.8%,饲喂凡纳滨对虾45 d,研究玉米蛋白粉替代部分鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾摄食量、生长和肌肉成分的影响.结果表明,(1)试验饲料中玉米蛋白粉用量不超过10%,对凡纳滨对虾日均摄食量没有显著影响(P＞0.05).(2)5%玉米蛋白粉组的生长效果最好,其相对增重率、增长率和饲料系数分别为2 542.8%、155.1%和1.58,前者显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),后两者与对照组没有显著差异(P＞0.05);10%玉米蛋白粉组虾的生长和饲料系数与对照组没有显著差异(P＞0.05);15%组虾的生长显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).(3)玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对对虾肌肉的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量影响不显著(P＞0.05);对对虾肌肉氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量和呈味氨基酸含量以及必需氨基酸指数的影响也不显著(P＞0.05).(4)玉米蛋白粉在凡纳滨对虾饲料中的适宜用量为10%.     

水解鸡血珠蛋白部分替代鱼粉对罗氏沼虾生长、体组成和消化酶活性的影响

为探讨水解鸡血珠蛋白部分替代鱼粉对罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)幼虾(初重2.10±0.06 g)生长、体组成和消化酶活性的影响,试验用水解鸡血珠蛋白分别替代鱼粉0%(BC0,对照组)、10%(BC10)、30%(BC30)和50%(BC50)制成4种等氮(粗蛋白37.86%)等脂(粗脂肪8.77%)的试验饲料,开展9周的养殖试验。结果显示:利用水解鸡血珠蛋白替代鱼粉对罗氏沼虾存活率无显著性影响。当替代量为10%时,生长性能和饲料效率未受显著性影响,但肌肉中粗蛋白含量显著高于对照组。当替代量为30%和50%时,生长性能和饲料效率显著低于对照组,肌肉中的粗蛋白含量与对照组无显著差异。所有替代组肌肉中必需氨基酸和总氨基酸的含量均显著高于对照组,且肝胰腺胰蛋白酶的活力显著高于对照组。此外,所有替代组肌肉中粗脂肪含量均显著高于对照组,且BC10和BC30组肝胰腺脂肪酶活力亦显著高于对照组。以上结果表明,利用水解鸡血珠蛋白替代10%的鱼粉不影响罗氏沼虾生长和饲料效率,有利于增加肌肉中蛋白质和氨基酸的含量。     

玉米蛋白粉替代部分鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾摄食量、生长和肌肉成分的影响

以凡纳滨对虾幼虾［体重(0.013 6±0.001 0) g］为试验对象,以鱼粉、豆粕、肉粉和花生粕为蛋白源配制对照饲料,用玉米蛋白粉替代部分鱼粉配制3种与对照饲料等氮、等能的试验饲料,其中玉米蛋白粉用量为5%、10%和15%,分别替代鱼粉8.6%、17.2%和25.8%,饲喂凡纳滨对虾45 d,研究玉米蛋白粉替代部分鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾摄食量、生长和肌肉成分的影响。结果表明,（1）试验饲料中玉米蛋白粉用量不超过10%,对凡纳滨对虾日均摄食量没有显著影响（P>0.05）。（2）5%玉米蛋白粉组的生长效果最好,其相对增重率、增长率和饲料系数分别为2 542.8%、155.1%和1.58,前者显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,后两者与对照组没有显著差异（P>0.05）;10%玉米蛋白粉组虾的生长和饲料系数与对照组没有显著差异（P>0.05）;15%组虾的生长显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。（3）玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对对虾肌肉的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量影响不显著（P>0.05）;对对虾肌肉氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量和呈味氨基酸含量以及必需氨基酸指数的影响也不显著（P>0.05）。（4）玉米蛋白粉在凡纳滨对虾饲料中的适宜用量为10%。     

玉米蛋白粉部分替代鱼粉饲料对日本沼虾生长的影响及效益分析

以27%鱼粉组饲料为对照组,用6.0%的玉米蛋白粉替代对照组饲料中的部分鱼粉(相应替代对照组饲料配方中22.2%的鱼粉),配制成2种等氮等能的饲料。在室外4口池塘进行日本沼虾(Macrobrachiumnipponensis)生产性养殖试验。经过一茬养殖,结果发现:投喂玉米蛋白粉饲料组与投喂鱼粉饲料组的日本沼虾在生长速度上无显著差异,投喂两种饲料对池塘水质影响也无明显差异,投喂两种饲料的日本沼虾的总产量分别为1 219.5 kg/hm2和1 033.5 kg/hm2,投喂两种饲料的投饲系数分别为2.4和2.2。使用玉米蛋白粉饲料养殖日本沼虾比使用鱼粉饲料可增收毛利润2 669.00～2 717.30元/hm2。     

玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大菱鲆摄食、生长及体组成的影响

以鱼粉和玉米蛋白粉作蛋白源,配制6种等氮等能的饲料。其中5种饲料(C0、C12、C25、C38和C50.5)分别含有0%、12%、25%、38%和50.5%的玉米蛋白粉以替代相应的鱼粉蛋白。其余1种饲料(C50.5CAA)是在饲料C50.5基础上补充1.8%晶体氨基酸混合物(L-lysine:1.2%,L-arg:0.6%)。经7周的生长试验,结果表明随着饲料中玉米蛋白粉替代水平的升高,大菱鲆(12.51±0.02)g的摄食率、特定生长率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率均显著下降。饲料中玉米蛋白粉含量为50.5%时,大菱鲆摄食率显著低于其他处理组(P<0.05)。当饲料中玉米蛋白粉含量超过25%时,大菱鲆特定生长率显著低于对照组(C0)(P<0.05)。当饲料中玉米蛋白粉含量超过38%时,饲料效率和蛋白质效率与对照组(C0)相比显著下降(P<0.05)。C50.5CAA组的摄食率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率与C50.5组相比都有升高的趋势,但差异不显著。而饲料中添加晶体氨基酸显著提高了大菱鲆的饲料效率(P<0.05)。饲料中玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大菱鲆鱼体水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪及灰分含量均无显著影响。饲料中玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大菱鲆血清甘油三酯和尿素氮含量也不产生显著影响,然而,随着饲料中玉米蛋白粉含量升高,血清总胆固醇含量显著下降(P<0.05)。     

植物甾醇对罗氏沼虾生长性能、消化酶、肌肉品质及氨基酸组成的影响

选取初始体重为(0.32±0.02) g的罗氏沼虾450尾,随机分为5组,每组设3个重复,每个重复30尾虾。以基础饲料为对照组,分别于基础饲料中添加10 mg/kg、20 mg/kg、40 mg/kg、400 mg/kg植物甾醇,饲养试验为期70天。试验结果表明:①与对照组相比,添加20 mg/kg、40 mg/kg和400 mk/kg植物甾醇组罗氏沼虾的终末体重、增重率和特定生长率显著高于对照组(P 0.05),添加40 mk/kg组的饲料系数显著低于对照组和添加10 mg/kg和400 mg/kg组(P 0.05),添加40 mk/kg组的肥满度显著高于对照组和添加10 mg/kg和400 mg/kg组(P 0.05)。②添加20 mg/kg和40 mg/kg植物甾醇其肝脏脂肪酶活性显著高于对照组(P 0.05),对肝脏蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性则没有显著影响(P 0.05)。③添加20 mg/kg、40 mg/kg和400 mg/kg植物甾醇组罗氏沼虾的含肉率显著高于对照组(P 0.05),添加40 mg/kg和400 mg/kg植物甾醇显著降低了滴水损失(P0.05)。④添加20 mg/kg、40 mg/kg和400 mg/kg植物甾醇显著提高了罗氏沼虾肌肉粗蛋白质含量(P 0.05),添加40 mg/kg和400 mg/kg植物甾醇显著提高了罗氏沼虾肌肉谷氨酸和甘氨酸含量(P 0.05)。在本试验条件下,在罗氏沼虾基础饲料中添加40 mg/kg植物甾醇可获得最佳生长性能和肌肉品质。     

盐度对罗氏沼虾能量代谢和运动能力的影响

为研究盐度对罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)能量代谢和运动能力的影响, 设置了 0 (对照)、4、8 和 12 共 4 个盐度胁迫水平, 研究了罗氏沼虾在胁迫 48 h 后的耗氧率、鳃丝和肌肉能量代谢酶活性及其游泳和弹跳能力。结果显示, 耗氧率在盐度升至 4 时并无显著变化(P＞0.05), 但 8 和 12 盐度组的耗氧率显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。 鳃丝己糖激酶(HK)、磷酸果糖激酶(PFK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性在不同盐度条件下并无显著变化(P＞0.05), 但鳃丝丙酮酸脱氢酶(PDH)和细胞色素 C 氧化酶(COX)活性在盐度为 8 时显著升高(P＜0.05), 并且鳃丝 PDH 和 COX 活性均与耗氧率呈显著线性正相关(P＜0.05)。盐度在 8 时罗氏沼虾的游泳足肌肉和腹部肌肉 HK、PFK 和 LDH 活性并无显著变化(P＞0.05), 但游泳足肌肉和腹部肌肉 PDH 和 COX 活性显著下降(P＜0.05); 盐度升至 12 时游泳足肌肉和腹部肌肉 HK、PFK、LDH、PDH 和 COX 活性均显著下降(P＜0.05)。运动能力结果显示, 盐度升至 8 时游泳能力显著下降(P＜0.05), 盐度升至 12 时弹跳能力显著下降(P＜0.05)。游泳能力与游泳足肌肉 PDH 和 COX 活性呈显著线性正相关(P＜0.05); 弹跳能力与腹部肌肉 HK、PFK 和 LDH 活性呈显著线性正相关(P＜0.05)。研究表明, 罗氏沼虾通过增加氧气摄取用于鳃丝有氧代谢以应对盐度胁迫, 但这些生理调节导致肌肉能量代谢酶活性下降, 造成罗氏沼虾的游泳和弹跳能力减弱。     

饲料中添加两种蛋白水解物对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)幼鱼生长性能及肠道组织学结构的影响

本研究共配制了3种等氮等脂的实验饲料,其中,对照组饲料使用15％鱼粉提供部分饲料蛋白,2个实验组饲料分别用鱼水解蛋白和鸡水解蛋白替代了饲料中10％的鱼粉蛋白.对初始体重为4.16g左右的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)幼鱼进行了为期12周的投喂,研究了其对大菱鲆生长性能及肠道组织学结构的影响.结果显示,鱼水解蛋白组(PHf)的特定生长率、饲料效率、蛋白效率比和蛋白质沉积率较对照组(FM)无显著差异(P＞0.05),但显著高于鸡水解蛋白组(PHc)(P＜0.05);3组实验鱼的摄食率无显著差异(P＞0.05);PHf和PHc组的鱼体蛋白含量显著高于FM组(P＜0.05),3组实验鱼的脂肪含量无显著差异(P＞0.05).PHf和PHc组的鱼体肌肉必需氨基酸含量显著高于FM组(P＜0.05).PHf和PHc组的前肠和中肠黏膜皱襞高度大于FM组,且PHf组较FM组差异显著(P＜0.05);3组实验鱼的前肠和中肠上皮细胞的高度无显著差异(P＞0.05);FM组前肠和中肠的肠壁厚度大于其他2组,且显著大于PHf组(P＜0.05).大菱鲆饲料中使用鱼水解蛋白替代部分鱼粉蛋白在生长性能及肠道组织学结构方面要优于使用鸡水解蛋白.     

三种蛋白源部分替代鱼粉对军曹鱼幼鱼生长和体成分的影响

配制5种等氮、等能的饲料,D1组以全鱼粉作为蛋白源,D2、D3组分别用脱脂豆粕替代10%和20%鱼粉,D4组以啤酒酵母粉替代10%鱼粉,D5组以玉米蛋白粉替代10%鱼粉,投喂体质量30～38g的幼鱼5周,研究3种蛋白源替代饲料中的鱼粉蛋白对大规格军曹鱼幼鱼生长和体成分的影响。试验结果表明,各组存活率差异不显著(P0.05);D3组体质量、质量增加率、饲料转化率、蛋白质效率和特定生长率均显著低于D1组(P0.05),而其他各组无显著差异(P0.05)。D3组全鱼粗脂肪含量显著低于D1、D5组(P0.05),肌肉灰分含量则显著高于其他组(P0.05);其他各组全鱼和肌肉常规营养成分无显著差异(P0.05)。D3组肝体指数显著低于其他组(P0.05),各组的脏体指数、肝脏脂肪含量和肥满度均无显著差异(P0.05)。试验结果提示,3种蛋白均可替代饲料中10%的鱼粉蛋白而不产生显著影响,但替代比例达到20%,就可能对大规格幼鱼的生长、饲料利用、体成分和健康产生不良影响。     

动植物蛋白对日本沼虾生长、肌肉组成、抗氧化、TOR信号通路及食欲调节相关基因表达的影响

为探讨动植物蛋白对日本沼虾生长、肌肉组成、抗氧化、TOR信号通路及食欲调节相关基因表达的影响,实验配制了3组等氮等能饲料,分别为鱼粉组(FM)、混合植物蛋白组(豆粕,菜粕,玉米蛋白粉)(PPB)和混合植物蛋白添加氨基酸组(PPB/Aa),投喂饲养日本沼虾8周。结果发现,PPB和PPB/Aa组日本沼虾增重率和摄食率显著低于FM组,而饲料系数显著高于FM组,各组之间成活率和肌肉必需氨基酸组成无显著差异;FM组肝胰腺丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著低于PPB组和PPB/Aa组,各组谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)无显著差异,PPB与PPB/Aa组血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和ALT的活性均显著高于FM组;与FM组相比,PPB与PPB/Aa组显著降低了雷帕霉素靶蛋白(TOR)、核糖体蛋白S6激酶(S6K)及神经肽(NPY)基因的表达,但各组瘦素(leptin)基因的表达无显著差异。研究表明,鱼粉与混合植物蛋白对日本沼虾肌肉中氨基酸组成无显著影响,但混合植物蛋白源降低了虾的生长和抗氧化能力及TOR信号通路与NP...     

Replacing fish meal with increasing levels of meat and bone meal,soybean meal and corn gluten meal,in diets of juvenile bluegill,Lepomis macrochirus

A 60‐day study was conducted to determine the response of juvenile bluegill Lepomis macrochirus to seven experimental diets, formulated using a blend of alternative protein sources as a replacement for fish meal. Adequate levels (digestible basis) of energy, protein and amino acids were maintained in diets 1–6, whereas slightly lower protein and energy levels were provided in diet 7. Feed cost per tonne ranged from $ 798.9 (diet 1, 550 g Kg^?1 fish meal) to $ 515.8 (diet 6, 0 g kg^?1 fish meal), or to $ 507.2 (diet 7, 0 g Kg^?1 fish meal). Three commercial diets were included in the study as reference diets: a high‐energy and a low‐energy trout diet, as well as a catfish diet. Quintuplicate bluegill groups (~22 g, n = 10 fish group^?1) were fed the experimental diets twice daily to apparent satiation. No major differences in feed consumption, feed efficiency and growth rates were detected among the bluegill groups fed the experimental diets. Trout diets generally produced higher fish fat deposition, whereas the catfish diet produced a poorer fish growth rate relative to the experimental diets. Under the reported conditions, results indicate diet 6, comprising predominantly soybean meal and porcine meat and bone meal, to be the most economical diet for juvenile bluegill.     

不同饲料蛋白水平下点带石斑鱼对鸡肉粉、羽毛粉和血粉混合物的利用能力

通过10周网箱养殖实验,评价了不同饲料蛋白水平下点带石斑鱼对1种鸡肉粉、羽毛粉和血粉混合物的利用能力。采用2×4实验设计,设2个饲料蛋白水平(490 g/kg和530 g/kg粗蛋白),每个饲料蛋白水平下设4个鱼粉水平,其中1组饲料中加入500 g/kg鱼粉(对照),另外3组饲料中分别加入139、278、416 g/kg的鸡肉粉、羽毛粉和血粉混合物(鸡肉粉∶羽毛粉∶血粉=65∶20∶15)替代对照饲料中30%、60%、90%的鱼粉。实验鱼初始体重为(33.4±0.1) g。实验期间,除恶劣天气外,每天分两次按饱食量投喂实验鱼。实验结果表明,饲料蛋白水平对摄食量、增重,饲料系数、氮储积效率、能量储积效率和鱼体组成无显著影响;饲料鱼粉含量显著影响增重,饲料系数、氮储积效率和能量储积效率,但对摄食量和鱼体组成无显著影响。在相同饲料蛋白水平下,特定生长率(SGR)随鱼粉含量降低而下降;当鱼粉含量相同时,摄食高蛋白饲料的鱼SGR略高于摄食低蛋白饲料的鱼。本实验结果显示,通过添加鸡肉粉、羽毛粉和血粉混合物可将点带石斑鱼饲料鱼粉含量降低到200 g/kg,在490~530 g/kg范围内提高饲料蛋白水平无助于降低点带石斑鱼饲料鱼粉含量。     

利用豆粕、菜粕和棉粕替代饲料中鱼粉对苏氏圆腹鲑摄食、生长和饲料利用的影响

通过8周网箱实验评价了利用豆粕、菜粕和棉粕替代苏氏圆腹鲑饲料中鱼粉的潜力.配制了7种等氮、等能饲料,其中对照饲料含45%鱼粉,在其余6种饲料中按等量蛋白替代原则分别添加31%或46%豆粕替代基础饲料中鱼粉的50%或75%,添加20%或40%菜粕替代基础饲料中鱼粉的25%或50%,添加19%或39%棉粕替代基础饲料中鱼粉的25%或50%.实验中所用苏氏圆腹鲑初始体重为11.3 g.实验结果表明:添加豆粕将饲料鱼粉含量从45%降低到23%,添加菜粕或棉粕将鱼粉含量降低到34%,对鱼成活率、摄食、鱼体增重、特定生长率(SGR)、饲料系数(FCR)、饲料蛋白储积率、脏体指数和红血细胞比积(Hct)未产生显著不良影响.添加豆粕将鱼粉含量降低到11%导致鱼摄食、鱼体增重和SGR下降,添加菜粕将鱼粉含量降低到23%导致FCR升高和鱼体能量储积率下降,添加棉粕将鱼粉含量降低到23%导致鱼体增重、SGR和Hct下降.上述结果显示可通过添加豆粕将苏氏圆腹鲑鱼种饲料鱼粉含量降低到23%,或通过添加菜粕和棉粕将饲料鱼粉含量降低到34%.     

Partial or complete substitution of fish meal with soybean meal and cottonseed meal in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis diets

The practical level of fish meal replacement by plant proteins in aquaculture feed varies greatly among species. This study investigated partial or complete replacement of fish meal (FM) by cottonseed and soybean meal (CS) in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Cottonseed and soybean meals were equally mixed to form five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets to replace 0 (CS0, control), 21 % (CS21), 43 % (CS43), 64 % (CS64), and 100 % (CS100) of FM. The highest crab growth and feed utilization were observed in the CS21 diet, followed by the CS43 diet. Crab fed CS64 had similar weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, protein retention and energy retention to those fed the control diet. Dry matter digestibility decreased with increasing dietary CS and was significantly lower in the CS64 and CS100 treatments than in the control. Apparent protein and energy digestibilities of the crab fed CS0, CS21, or CS43 were similar but significantly higher than the crab fed CS64 or CS100. Crab fed CS100 had poorer digestibility of nutrients than those fed other diets. The dry matter of the crab fed CS21 was significantly higher than the crab fed CS100. The protein contents in crabs fed CS21 or CS43 were similar but were higher than those fed other diets. Crab fed CS21 contained higher lipid and gross energy than in other treatments. This study indicates that 64 % of FM can be replaced by CS in crab diet without compromising growth performance and body composition.     

利用豆粕、菜粕和棉粕替代饲料中鱼粉对苏氏圆腹鱼芒摄食、生长和饲料利用的影响

摘要：通过8周网箱实验评价了利用豆粕、菜粕和棉粕作为苏氏圆腹鱼芒 （Pangasius sutchi）饲料中鱼粉替代蛋白源的潜力。配制了7种等氮、等能饲料,其中基础饲料含45%鱼粉,按等量蛋白替代的原则,在其余6种饲料中分别添加31%和46%豆粕替代基础饲料中鱼粉的50%和75%,或添加20%和40%菜粕替代基础饲料中鱼粉的25%和50%,或添加19%和39%棉粕替代基础饲料中鱼粉的25%和50%。实验中所用的苏氏圆腹鱼芒初始体重为11.3 g。实验结果表明：添加豆粕将饲料中鱼粉含量从45%降低到23%,添加菜粕或棉粕将鱼粉含量降低到34%,对鱼成活率、摄食、鱼体增重、特定生长率（SGR）、饲料系数（FCR）、饲料蛋白储积率、脏体指数和红血细胞比积（Hct）未产生显著不良影响。添加豆粕将鱼粉含量降低到11%导致鱼摄食、鱼体增重和SGR下降,添加菜粕将鱼粉含量降低到23%导致FCR和鱼体能量储积率下降,添加棉粕将鱼粉含量降低到23%导致鱼体增重、SGR和Hct明显下降。上述结果显示,可通过添加豆粕（31%）将苏氏圆腹鱼芒 鱼种饲料中鱼粉含量降低到23%,或通过添加菜粕（20%）和棉粕（19%）将饲料中鱼粉含量降低到34%。     

Influence of poultry meal, meat meal or soybean meal inclusion on weight gain and production characteristics of Australian snapper Pagrus auratus

Two experiments were done to evaluate the effects of poultry meal (PM), meat meal (MM) or solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM) inclusion on the performance of Australian snapper Pagrus auratus. In each experiment, test feeds were formulated with similar contents of digestible protein (DP) and digestible energy (DE) using previously determined digestibility coefficients for this species. In experiment 1, groups of snapper (initial weight 14 g) were fed 4 feeds containing 360, 480, 610 or 730 g kg⁻¹ PM; 3 feeds containing 345, 320 or 500 g kg⁻¹ MM; 3 feeds containing 420, 600 or 780 g kg⁻¹ SBM. In experiment 2, groups of snapper (initial weight 87 g) were fed 3 extruded test feeds that contained combinations of PM, MM, SBM or blood meal (BM) which replaced all but 600, 250 or 160 g kg⁻¹ of fishmeal in respective diet formulations. Both experiments included a proprietary extruded aquafeed (COM) to benchmark fish performance. In experiment 1, weight gain was highest in snapper fed feeds containing 360, 345 or 420 g kg⁻¹ of PM, MM or SBM, respectively, and was similar (P > 0.05) to snapper fed the COM feed. Nonetheless, weight gain and protein retention efficiency tended to decrease as the amount of each test ingredient was increased. Relative feed intake was not affected by the inclusion level of PM, MM or BM, but declined significantly in snapper fed diets containing 600 or 780 g kg⁻¹ SBM. Feeding behaviour indicated fish found these feeds unpalatable. In experiment 2, the harvest weight of snapper fed the 3 extruded test feeds was similar (P > 0.05), but lower than snapper fed the COM feed (i.e. 234 vs. 256 g). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was best in snapper fed the COM feed (FCR = 1.53); however, the FCR of snapper fed feeds containing 160 (FCR = 1.66), 250 (FCR = 1.70) or 600 g kg⁻¹ fishmeal (FCR = 1.60) was not different (P > 0.05). Australian snapper will readily accept feeds containing high levels of PM, MM or SBM and feeds containing these ingredients will support rapid weight and protein gain with little affect on whole body composition. In combination, these feed ingredients were able to replace all but 160 g kg⁻¹ of fishmeal in an extruded test feed. As such, they serve as valuable alternatives to fishmeal and extend the manufacturing options available to aquafeed producers.     

Evaluation of skate meal and sablefish viscera meal as fish meal replacement in diets for Pacific threadfin (Polydactylus sexfilis)

The objectives of this study were to investigate the nutritional value of skate meal and sablefish viscera meal from Alaskan fishery processing and to ascertain their suitability as replacements for pollock fishmeal in diets for Pacific threadfin (Polydactylus sexfilis). Test diets were made by replacing 50% or 100% protein from fish meal in the control diet with skate or sablefish viscera meal. The test diets and a commercial feed were each assigned to four tanks with eight juvenile fish (9.7 g) per tank in an indoor flow‐through culture system. After 6 weeks, Pacific threadfin fed skate meal‐50% and ‐100% substituted diets exhibited similar weight gains (374%; 369%) and feed conversion ratios (1.29; 1.27) as those fed the control diet (345%; 1.30 respectively) (P > 0.05). In contrast, Pacific threadfin fed the sablefish viscera meal‐50% substituted diet exhibited significantly lower weight gain (112%) than fish fed the control diets (P < 0.05). The fish fed the control diet and skate meal substituted diets also achieved significantly higher (P < 0.05) weight gain than those fed the commercial feed (288%). In conclusion, skate meal can fully replace the commercial fishmeal in a Pacific threadfin diet without adversely effecting growth performance.     

肉松粉、羽毛粉和肉骨粉替代鱼粉养殖奥尼罗非鱼的效果研究

试验研究了肉松粉、羽毛粉和肉骨粉替代鱼粉池塘养殖奥尼罗非鱼的效果研究。24 000尾(349±28.3)g奥尼罗非鱼分为4组,每组设计3个平行试验区域,每2 000尾饲养于2×667 m2左右的实验区域中。对照组和1、2、3试验组日粮分别以鱼粉、肉松粉、羽毛粉和肉骨粉设计蛋白质水平为28%左右,消化能为2 670～2 810 Kcal/kg。在水温(28.2±2.8)℃饲养60 d。试验结果:①奥尼罗非鱼的相对生长率,食物转化率肉松粉组鱼粉组肉骨粉组羽毛粉组,差异显著(P0.05)。由于单位鱼成本不同,肉松粉组养殖效益为对照组的132.46%,肉骨粉组为对照组的96.60%,羽毛粉组为对照组的80.51%。②奥尼罗非鱼体水分,灰分含量差异不显著(P0.05);蛋白质含量鱼粉组肉松粉组肉骨粉组羽毛粉组,鱼粉组显著性高于肉骨粉和羽毛粉组(P0.05);脂肪含量肉骨粉组羽毛粉组肉松粉组鱼粉组,前3组显著性高于鱼粉组(P0.05)。③奥尼罗非鱼肥满度,脏体比,肝体比无显著性差异(P0.05),仅肉骨粉组肠脂比及肝脂肪含量最高,羽毛粉组最低,显著性差异(P0.05)。在池塘养殖中,饲料中使用肉松粉替代鱼粉可明显降低成本,提高经济效益。在罗非鱼饲料中使用部分肉骨粉和羽毛粉是安全的。